The Poland-AOD aerosol research network was established in 2011 to improve aerosol–climate interaction knowledge and provide a real-time and historical, comprehensive, and quantitative database for ...the aerosol optical properties distribution over Poland. The network consists of research institutions and private owners operating 10 measurement stations and an organization responsible for aerosol model transport simulations. Poland-AOD collaboration provides observations of spectral aerosol optical depth (AOD), Ångstrom Exponent (AE), incoming shortwave (SW) and longwave (LW) radiation fluxes, vertical profiles of aerosol optical properties and surface aerosol scattering and absorption coefficient, as well as microphysical particle properties. Based on the radiative transfer model (RTM), the aerosol radiative forcing (ARF) and the heating rate are simulated. In addition, results from GEM-AQ and WRF-Chem models (e.g., aerosol mass mixing ratio and optical properties for several particle chemical components), and HYSPLIT back-trajectories are used to interpret the results of observation and to describe the 3D aerosol optical properties distribution. Results of Poland-AOD research indicate progressive improvement of air quality and at mospheric turbidity during the last decade. The AOD was reduced by about 0.02/10 yr (at 550 nm), which corresponds to positive trends in ARF. The estimated clear-sky ARF trend is 0.34 W/m2/10 yr and 0.68 W/m2/10 yr, respectively, at TOA and at Earth’s surface. Therefore, reduction in aerosol load observed in Poland can significantly contribute to climate warming.
Abstract
The PTOLEMY transverse drift filter is a new concept to
enable precision analysis of the energy spectrum of electrons near
the tritium
β
-decay endpoint. This paper details the
...implementation and optimization methods for successful operation of
the filter for electrons with a known pitch angle. We present the
first demonstrator that produces the required magnetic field
properties with an iron return-flux magnet. Two methods for the
setting of filter electrode voltages are detailed. The challenges of
low-energy electron transport in cases of low field are discussed,
such as the growth of the cyclotron radius with decreasing magnetic
field, which puts a ceiling on filter performance relative to fixed
filter dimensions. Additionally, low pitch angle trajectories are
dominated by motion parallel to the magnetic field lines and
introduce non-adiabatic conditions and curvature drift. To minimize
these effects and maximize electron acceptance into the filter, we
present a three-potential-well design to simultaneously drain the
parallel and transverse kinetic energies throughout the length of
the filter. These optimizations are shown, in simulation, to achieve
low-energy electron transport from a 1 T iron core (or 3 T
superconducting) starting field with initial kinetic energy of
18.6 keV drained to < 10 eV (< 1 eV) in about 80 cm. This
result for low field operation paves the way for the first
demonstrator of the PTOLEMY spectrometer for measurement of
electrons near the tritium endpoint to be constructed at the Gran
Sasso National Laboratory (LNGS) in Italy.
BACKGROUND: The left ventricular (LV) hypertrophy increases the risk of heart failure. Hypertension and infiltrative cardiomyopathies are the well-known reasons of LV hypertrophy. The growing ...interest of scientists in this issue affects hereditary haemochromatosis (HH), which is characterised by the excess deposition of iron mostly due to HFE gene mutation. The aim of our study was to investigate the possible influence of HH on LV parameters in patients with early-diagnosed (early HH) and long-lasting and long-treated (old HH) disease. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirty nine early HH and 19 old HH patients were prospectively enrolled in the study; age- and sex-matched healthy volunteers constituted the appropriate control groups. All participants had echocardiography performed (including three-dimension volume and mass analysis); the iron turnover parameters were measured at the time of enrolment in every HH patients. RESULTS: Echocardiographic parameters regarding to left atrium (LA), LV thickness, mass and long axis length were significantly higher, whereas LV ejection fraction was lower in early HH in comparison to healthy persons. In old HH patients the differences were similar to those mentioned before, except LV ejection fraction. The presence of hypertension in both HH groups did not influence echo parameters, as well as diabetes in old HH. The strongest correlation in all HH group was found between the time from HH diagnosis and LA, LV thickness and volumes parameters, but the correlations between iron turnover and echo parameters were non-existent. CONCLUSIONS: Hereditary haemochromatosis, not only long-lasting, but also early-diagnosed, could lead to exacerbation of LV wall thickness and cardiac hypertrophy. This effect is not simply connected with hypertension and diabetes that are frequent additional diseases in these patients, but with the time from HH diagnosis.
A
bstract
The Compact Linear Collider (CLIC) is a proposed future high-luminosity linear electron-positron collider operating at three energy stages, with nominal centre-of-mass energies
s
= 380 GeV, ...1
.
5 TeV, and 3 TeV. Its aim is to explore the energy frontier, providing sensitivity to physics beyond the Standard Model (BSM) and precision measurements of Standard Model processes with an emphasis on Higgs boson and top-quark physics. The opportunities for top-quark physics at CLIC are discussed in this paper. The initial stage of operation focuses on top-quark pair production measurements, as well as the search for rare flavour-changing neutral current (FCNC) top-quark decays. It also includes a top-quark pair production threshold scan around 350 GeV which provides a precise measurement of the top-quark mass in a well-defined theoretical framework. At the higher-energy stages, studies are made of top-quark pairs produced in association with other particles. A study of t
̄
tH production including the extraction of the top Yukawa coupling is presented as well as a study of vector boson fusion (VBF) production, which gives direct access to high-energy electroweak interactions. Operation above 1 TeV leads to more highly collimated jet environments where dedicated methods are used to analyse the jet constituents. These techniques enable studies of the top-quark pair production, and hence the sensitivity to BSM physics, to be extended to higher energies. This paper also includes phenomenological interpretations that may be performed using the results from the extensive top-quark physics programme at CLIC.
We discuss the consequences of the quantum uncertainty on the spectrum of the electron emitted by the beta-processes of a tritium atom bound to a graphene sheet. We analyze quantitatively the issue ...recently raised by Cheipesh, Cheianov, and Boyarsky Phys. Rev. D 104, 116004 (2021), and discuss the relevant timescales and the degrees of freedom that can contribute to the intrinsic spread in the electron energy. We perform careful calculations of the potential between tritium and graphene with different coverages and geometries. With this at hand, we propose possible avenues to mitigate the effect of the quantum uncertainty.
Full text
Available for:
CMK, CTK, FMFMET, IJS, NUK, PNG, UM
Abstract
Background
Hereditary hemochromatosis (HH) is a very common genetic disease. Abnormally increased intestinal iron absorption and accelerated recycling of iron lead to progressive body iron ...accumulation and the generation of oxidative stress in tissues. In the late stages iron overload of the heart can lead to the left ventricular (LV) dysfunction. It is believed, that two dimensional speckle tracking echocardiography (2D STE) can evaluate LV dysfunction more accurately and earlier than conventional echocardiography. Evaluation of such assessment was the purpose of this paper.
Methods
We prospectively enrolled 58 patients with genetically confirmed HH; 29 healthy age- and sex-matched volunteers constituted the control group. Classic echocardiographic and 2D STE parameters (GE VIVID E9, EchoPAC v201) were compared between the groups, additionally correlations between echo and iron turnover parameters were performed.
Results
The HH patients had all standard echo parameters within the normal range. All 2D STE parameters were significantly worse in HH than in control group (Table 1). We did not find any correlation between echo and iron turnover parameters, whilst significant correlation with the time from diagnosis and the numbers of venesections was noticed.
Conclusions
Novel 2D STE analyzes seem to be helpful in early detection of heart abnormalities in HH patients. The correlations between the echo and iron indices are weak, allowing to suggest the lack of a "direct" relationship between the iron turnover and myocardial function and that myocardial iron overload is not the only mechanism involved in development of HH cardiomyopathy.
HH All n = 58 Controls n = 29 p LAVI (ml/BSA) 31 (23-37) 22 (19-27) <0.001 RWT 0.42 (0.38-0.47) 0.38 (0.34-0.43) <0.003 LVMI (g/BSA) 78 (58-96) 66 (53-72) <0.006 E/Em 7.0 (5.6-8.3) 6.7 (5.0-7.5) 0.071 LVEF (%) 60 (54-62) 63 (61-65) <0.006 LV twist (º) 17.2 (13.1-22.2) 24.1 (19.9-32.1) <0.001 LV torsion (º/cm) 2.2 (1.6-2.9) 3.3 (2.7-4.3) <0.001 LV peak rotation velocity (º/s) 118.0 (88.3-146.3) 140.0 (112.7-168.9) <0.015 LV peak untwisting velocity (º/s) -132.0 (-163.5–93.0) -156.0 (-197.0–122.6) <0.039 Peak systolic longitudinal strain (%) -18.3 (-20.0–16.9) -21.0 (-22.0–19.3) <0.001
We discuss the consequences of the quantum uncertainty on the spectrum of the electron emitted by the \(\beta\)-processes of a tritium atom bound to a graphene sheet. We analyze quantitatively the ...issue recently raised in Cheipesh et al., Phys. Rev. D 104, 116004 (2021), and discuss the relevant time scales and the degrees of freedom that can contribute to the intrinsic spread in the electron energy. We perform careful calculations of the potential between tritium and graphene with different coverages and geometries. With this at hand, we propose possible avenues to mitigate the effect of the quantum uncertainty.
The PTOLEMY transverse drift filter is a new concept to enable precision analysis of the energy spectrum of electrons near the tritium beta-decay endpoint. This paper details the implementation and ...optimization methods for successful operation of the filter. We present the first demonstrator that produces the required magnetic field properties with an iron return-flux magnet. Two methods for the setting of filter electrode voltages are detailed. The challenges of low-energy electron transport in cases of low field are discussed, such as the growth of the cyclotron radius with decreasing magnetic field, which puts a ceiling on filter performance relative to fixed filter dimensions. Additionally, low pitch angle trajectories are dominated by motion parallel to the magnetic field lines and introduce non-adiabatic conditions and curvature drift. To minimize these effects and maximize electron acceptance into the filter, we present a three-potential-well design to simultaneously drain the parallel and transverse kinetic energies throughout the length of the filter. These optimizations are shown, in simulation, to achieve low-energy electron transport from a 1 T iron core (or 3 T superconducting) starting field with initial kinetic energy of 18.6 keV drained to <10 eV (<1 eV) in about 80 cm. This result for low field operation paves the way for the first demonstrator of the PTOLEMY spectrometer for measurement of electrons near the tritium endpoint to be constructed at the Gran Sasso National Laboratary (LNGS) in Italy.
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