Highlights
A new zinc-ion capacitor (ZIC) was realized by assembling the free-standing manganese dioxide–carbon nanotubes (MnO
2
–CNTs) battery-type cathode and MXene (Ti
3
C
2
T
x
) capacitor-type ...anode in an aqueous electrolyte.
The large specific capacitance of the MXene anode avoids the mismatch in capacitance between the cathode and anode of the ZIC.
The superior performance of the proposed ZIC makes it a promising candidate for the next-generation energy storage devices.
Restricted by their energy storage mechanism, current energy storage devices have certain drawbacks, such as low power density for batteries and low energy density for supercapacitors. Fortunately, the nearest ion capacitors, such as lithium-ion and sodium-ion capacitors containing battery-type and capacitor-type electrodes, may allow achieving both high energy and power densities. For the inspiration, a new zinc-ion capacitor (ZIC) has been designed and realized by assembling the free-standing manganese dioxide–carbon nanotubes (MnO
2
–CNTs) battery-type cathode and MXene (Ti
3
C
2
T
x
) capacitor-type anode in an aqueous electrolyte. The ZIC can avoid the insecurity issues that frequently occurred in lithium-ion and sodium-ion capacitors in organic electrolytes. As expected, the ZIC in an aqueous liquid electrolyte exhibits excellent electrochemical performance (based on the total weight of cathode and anode), such as a high specific capacitance of 115.1 F g
−1
(1 mV s
−1
), high energy density of 98.6 Wh kg
−1
(77.5 W kg
−1
), high power density of 2480.6 W kg
−1
(29.7 Wh kg
−1
), and high capacitance retention of ~ 83.6% of its initial capacitance (15,000 cycles). Even in an aqueous gel electrolyte, the ZIC also exhibits excellent performance. This work provides an essential strategy for designing next-generation high-performance energy storage devices.
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IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
The thermoelectric (TE) fiber, based on poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS), which possesses good flexibility, a low cost, good environmental stability and ...non-toxicity, has attracted more attention due to its promising applications in energy harvesting. This study presents a self-powered flexible sensor based on the TE properties of the hollow PEDOT:PSS fiber. The hollow structure of the fiber was synthesized using traditional wet spinning. The sensor was applied to an application for finger touch, and showed both long-term stability and good reliability towards external force. The sensor had a high scalability and was simple to develop. When figures touched the sensors, a temperature difference of 6 °C was formed between the figure and the outside environment. The summit output voltages of the sensors with 1 to 5 legs gradually increased from 90.8 μV to 404 μV. The time needed for the output voltage to reach 90% of its peak value is only 2.7 s. Five sensors of legs ranging from 1 to 5 were used to assemble the selector. This study may provide a new proposal to produce a self-powered, long-term and stable skin sensor, which is suitable for wearable devices in personal electronic fields.
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IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
With the rapid development of flexible electronic devices, current flexible energy storage devices face great challenge of achieving both high energy and power density. Exploiting ion capacitor is an ...intelligent way to improve the energy density without sacrificing the power density by utilizing the battery and capacitor-type energy storage mechanism. For the inspiration, a new flexible zinc-ion capacitor (FZIC) based on δ-MnO2@carbon cloth (δ-MnO2@CAC) battery-type cathode and MXene@cotton cloth (MXene@COC) capacitor-type anode has been designed and realized. The δ-MnO2@CAC//MXene@COC system in aqueous liquid electrolyte exhibits excellent electrochemical performance, e.g. a high energy density of 90 Wh kg−1 (power density of 239 W kg−1) and a high power density of 3838 W kg−1 (energy density of 26.8 Wh kg−1), a high capacitance retention of ~80.7% of its initial capacitance after 16,000 cycles and a high Coulomb efficiency of above 93.6% during all the cycles. Moreover, after being assembled by aqueous gel electrolyte, the FZIC also shows the superior electrochemical performance and excellent flexibility. This study of the FZIC provides an efficient way to develop the next-generation flexible energy storage devices with high performance.
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•A new flexible zinc-ion capacitor (FZIC) has been designed and realized.•The FZIC utilizes the both battery and capacitor-type energy storage mechanisms.•The FZIC shows the excellent electrochemical performance and flexibility.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
The rapid development of smart wearable and integrated electronic products has urgently increased the requirement for high‐performance microbatteries. Although few lithium ion microbatteries based on ...organic electrolytes have been reported so far, the problems, such as undesirable energy density, poor flexibility, inflammability, volatility toxicity, and high cost restrict their practical applications in the above‐mentioned electronic products. In order to overcome these problems, a low cost quasi‐solid‐state aqueous zinc ion microbattery (ZIMB) assembled by a vanadium dioxide (B)‐multiwalled carbon nanotubes (VO2 (B)‐MWCNTs) cathode, a zinc nanoflakes anode, and a zinc trifluoromethanesulfonate‐polyvinyl alcohol (Zn(CF3SO3)2‐PVA) hydrogel electrolyte is exploited. As expected, the ZIMB exhibits excellent electrochemical performance, e.g., a high capacity of 314.7 µAh cm−2, an ultrahigh energy density of 188.8 µWh cm−2, and a high power density of 0.61 mW cm−2. Furthermore, the ZIMB also shows high flexibility and excellent high temperature stability: the capacity has no obvious decay when the bending angle is up to 150° and the temperature reaches 100 °C. The ZIMB provides a way to develop next‐generation miniature energy storage devices with high performance.
An ultrahigh energy density quasi‐solid‐state zinc ion microbattery with excellent flexibility and thermostability based on a vanadium dioxide (B)‐multiwalled carbon nanotubes (VO2 (B)‐MWCNTs) cathode, a zinc nanoflakes anode, and a zinc trifluoromethanesulfonate‐polyvinyl alcohol (Zn(CF3SO3)2‐PVA) hydrogel electrolyte is successfully realized.
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FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
Although current energy storage devices are limited by their own shortcomings, their merits such as superior power density and cycling stability for supercapacitors (SCs), and high energy density for ...batteries cannot be ignored either. Constructing hybrid SCs (HSCs) with capacitor‐type electrodes and battery‐type electrodes can combine the advantages of SCs and batteries. Herein, a zinc‐ion HSC (ZHSC) is fabricated with a porous 3D MXene (Ti3C2Tx
)‐reduced graphene oxide aerogel cathode and zinc foil anode for the first time. As a result, the ZHSC exhibits excellent electrochemical performance with a high specific capacitance of 128.6 F g−1 at a current density of 0.4 A g−1 and a high energy density of 34.9 Wh kg−1 at a power density of 279.9 W kg−1. More importantly, after 75 000 charge and discharge cycles at a current density of 5 A g−1, the capacitance retention is still above 95% of the initial capacitance. This work provides a new way of thinking for developing high‐performance energy storage devices with superior energy, power density, and ultralong cycle life.
The MXene‐based zinc‐ion hybrid supercapacitor (ZHSC) exhibits a high energy density of 34.9 Wh kg−1 (279.9 W kg−1) and an ultralong cycle life (after 75 000 charge and discharge cycles, the capacitance retention is still above 95% of its initial capacitance), by utilizing both the battery and the capacitor‐type energy storage mechanism.
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FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
The requirement for rechargeable microbatteries (MBs) continues to increase due to the rapidly development of wearable and integrated electronics. However, the ever-reported mainstream MBs, such as ...lithium ion MBs, have intrinsic drawbacks of security threats and environmental hazards, and are not suitable as an energy supply component for wearable electronics. Here, a safe and environmentally friendly zinc ion microbattery (ZIMB) based on MXene-TiS2 (de)intercalation anode, multi-walled carbon nanotubes-vanadium dioxide (B) (MWCNTs-VO2 (B)) cathode, zinc sulfate-polyacrylamide (ZnSO4-PAM) hydrogel electrolyte and self-healable polyurethane (PU) protective shell is exploited. The ZIMB exhibit satisfactory electrochemical performance with a capacity of 40.8 μAh cm-2, maximum power density of 32.5 μWh cm-2 and maximum energy density of 1.2 mW cm-2. In addition, the ZIMB also exhibits the excellent flexibility, thermostability and self-healability, i.e., no significant attenuation in capacity can be observed when the ZIMB is placed on the specific conditions, such as the high bending angle of 150°, high temperature of 100 °C, and multiple damage and repair cycles. This study provides a feasible strategy to develop advanced high reliable and stable micro energy storage devices for wearable and integrated electronics.
•A “rocking-chair” zinc ion microbattery (ZIMB) has been designed and realized.•The MXene-TiS2 is used for the (de)intercalation anode of ZIMB.•The ZIMB exhibits the excellent flexibility, thermostability and self-healability.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
A new rare earth complex was synthesized using salicylaldehyde (SAL) as the first ligand and 1,10-phenanthroline (Phen) as the second ligand. Elemental, infrared absorption, photoluminescence, and ...ultraviolet–visible absorption spectrum analyses were carried out with this new complex. It is shown by the elemental analysis and infrared absorption spectra that the complex is an eight-coordinated compound with the molecular formula Eu(SAL)
3
Phen. In addition, the intramolecular energy transfer process is discussed and the intramolecular energy transfer model has been set up. The luminescence of Eu(SAL)
3
Phen was obtained by the two ligands which transferred the energy to the resonance energy level of the central ion. The results show that the maximum light-emitting wavelength is 615 nm, the full width at half maximum is 10.9 nm, the CIE coordinates are
X
= 0.6724,
Y
= 0.3261, and the optimum excitation wavelength is 434 nm.
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EMUNI, FIS, FZAB, GEOZS, GIS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, SBNM, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
Utilizing the ionic flux to generate voltage output has been confirmed as an effective way to meet the requirements of clean energy sources. Different from ionic thermoelectric (i‐TE) and ...hydrovoltaic devices, a new hydrothermal chemical generator is designed by amorphous FeCl3 particles dispersing in MWCNT and unique ferric chloride or water gate. In the presence of gate, the special ion behaviors enable the cell to present a constant voltage of 0.60 V lasting for over 96 h without temperature difference. Combining the differences of cation concentration, humidity and temperature between the right and left side of sample, the maximum short‐circuit current and power output can be obtained to 168.46 µA and 28.11 µW, respectively. The generator also can utilize the low‐grade heat to produce electricity wherein Seebeck coefficient is 6.79 mV K−1. The emerged hydrothermal chemical generator offers a novel approach to utilize the low‐grade heat, water and salt solution resources, which provides a simple, sustainable and low‐cost strategy to realize energy supply.
The emerged hydrothermal chemical generator provides a simple, sustainability, and low‐cost strategy by utilizing the low‐grade heat, water, and salt solution resources, which offers a novel approach to utilize the ionic diffusion to realize energy supply. Combining the differences of ionic concentration, humidity, and temperature, the cell can realize a large voltage output of 0.68 V.
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BFBNIB, FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
The ethylenediamine-assistant hydrothermal method to fabricate MoS2 quantum dots in aqueous solution as a fluorescent probe for Fe3+ ions detection.
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•Ethylenediamine assistant ...exfoliation of MoS2 bulk powders was used to prepare MoS2 QDs.•The resultant MoS2 QDs presented high fluorescence quantum yield of 19%.•EN is successfully bound to the Mo atom.•As-prepared MoS2 QDs possesses high-performance air-stable property.
Molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) quantum dots (QDs) with unique fluorescence (FL) properties are extensively used for sensors, photoelectrochemical devices, energy storage, and hydrogen evolution. The sufficient demand to develop green and environmentally friendly methods has led to the popularization of MoS2 QD preparation. Here, we provided a proper way to prepare MoS2 QDs by virtue of the ethylenediamine (EN)-assisted exfoliation of MoS2 bulk powder. The whole synthesis process was free of high-toxic agents and carried out in an aqueous solution. The resultant MoS2 QDs presented good dispersion in the aqueous solution and the blue emission at 427 nm. The FL quantum yield of 19% in this work was higher than the yields of most reported MoS2 QDs prepared from their bulk powders. EN was successfully bound to the Mo atom based on the XPS analysis, and the entire S atom was at an oxidation state. Meanwhile, the as-prepared MoS2 QDs possessed high-performance air-stable properties and thus proved to be an effective fluorescent probe for detecting Fe3+ ions with excellent sensitivity, selectivity, and fast response. The limit detection was calculated to be 0.4 μmol/L. The resultant MoS2 QDs can be regarded a potential candidate of fluorescent probe for Fe3+ detection.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
•Compared to PM film, with the assistant of fullerene and grade temperature strategy, the voltages have the increasement of 43.83 % and 139.04 % under irradiation of one simulated sunlight (AM ...1.5G).•Under the condition of continuous exposure of simulated sunlight for 30 min, the best output voltage of the prepared PTEGs with six legs was sustainably stable at 1.8 mV and the current is 730nA.•The PTEG with excellent electrothermal effect has been successfully applied to detect whether the battery is fully charged with assistance thermal sensitive materials.
Photothermoelectric conversion technology from light and heat into electricity has been proved to be an effective method and associated with photothermal and thermoelectric (TE) effects. Wherein, there are great challenges in the structural design that the cold and hot side distribution in planar structure limits the selection of materials to obtain the high output voltage. Here, the half-vertical heterojunction structure of the photothermoelectric generator (PTEG) is adopted for enhanced performance to realize effective energy utilization. The PTEG is constituted by the MXene half-coated fullerenes-modified PEDOT:PSS to obtain wide spectral response. The output voltage of the prepared PTEG can be stabilized at 2.15 mV under the irradiation of a laser wavelength 808 nm with power of 25 mW. Under simulated sunlight irradiation, with the assistant of fullerenes, the output voltage was improved by 43.83 % from 146 to 210μ V. Furthermore, the voltage can be enhanced by TE voltage increasement via temperature gradient, and the 66.19 % increment of output voltage is evaluated from 210 to 349 μV. In addition, PTEG has also excellent electrothermal effect, which was applied into detecting whether the battery is fully charged via adhering to thermal sensitive materials. By means of half-vertical heterojunction structure to the PTEG, a new choice for the PTEG is provided to make better use of sunlight.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
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