The Digital Transformation of the Fitness Sector highlights the challenges and opportunities of the digitalization of the fitness sector in the wake of recent global challenges in countries around ...the world.
The Global Private Health & Fitness Businessshows the globalization of the health and fitness industry, and its different forms of management according to different countries, the objective being to ...show the various business models in the fitness industry in seventeen countries around the world and explore their methods of marketing.
ABSTRACT
We analyze how boards' reputational concerns influence executive compensation and the use of hidden pay. Independent boards reduce disclosed pay to signal their independence, but are more ...likely than manager‐friendly boards to use hidden pay or to distort incentive contracts. Stronger reputational pressures lead to lower disclosed pay, weaker managerial incentives, and higher hidden pay, whereas greater transparency of executive compensation has the opposite effects. Although reputational concerns can induce boards to choose compensation contracts more favorable to shareholders, we show that there is a threshold beyond which stronger reputational concerns harm shareholders. Similarly, excessive pay transparency can harm shareholders.
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BFBNIB, FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
Abstract
In Spain, in order to control COVID-19 transmission, one of the strictest confinement measures in the world for children and teenagers has been implemented. From 14 March to 26 April 2020 ...underage Spaniards were not allowed to leave their homes, except for reasons of force majeure. This could have consequences on their mental health in both the short and the long term. Thus, the aim of the present study was to explore the consequences of confinement on the mental health of Spanish children and teenagers, at the time when minors had been locked down in their homes between 8 and 10 days. The sample was composed of 590 confined Spanish children and teenagers between 8 and 18 years old. The scales of Depression, Self-esteem, Anxiety, Problems with Emotional Regulation, Rage Control Problems, Integration and Social Competence, Somatic Complaints, Rebellious Behaviour, as well as Awareness of the Problems of the Assessment System for Children and Adolescents (SENA) were used. The results revealed that, during confinement, children and adolescents showed emotional and behavioural alterations. This study, as far as we know, is the first one to explore the psychological consequences of lockdown in minors while it was taking place, with them being the ones directly assessed.
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IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
Gruber (1996) drew attention to the puzzle that investors buy actively managed equity mutual funds, even though on average such funds underperform index funds. We uncover another puzzling fact about ...the market for equity mutual funds: Funds with worse before-fee performance charge higher fees. This negative relation between fees and performance is robust and can be explained as the outcome of strategic fee-setting by mutual funds in the presence of investors with different degrees of sensitivity to performance. We also find some evidence that better fund governance may bring fees more in line with performance.
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BFBNIB, FZAB, GIS, IJS, INZLJ, KILJ, NLZOH, NMLJ, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK, ZRSKP
Desde el inicio de su gobierno en 2017, el entonces presidente de los Estados Unidos Donald Trump expresó su desagrado con el Tratado de Libre Comercio de América del Norte (TLCAN). Según él mismo ...señalaba, éste había sido injusto para la economía estadunidense. En consecuencia, su gobierno inició un proceso de renegociación de dicho tratado en la segunda parte de ese año.
Aunque el TLCAN ha sido muy examinado, ha habido pocos estudios de análisis estructural. Este tipo de enfoque nos permite medir los efectos del comercio en variables económicas importantes, como el empleo y el valor agregado (VA), mediante todos los sectores de la economía. En este trabajo utilizamos un modelo de insumo-producto para México y los Estados Unidos en dos años: 1992 y 2014. Los resultados apuntan a que, si bien México se benefició más del comercio bilateral en materia de empleo y de va, la distribución del va fue más favorable para las empresas estadunidenses que para los trabajadores mexicanos.
El presente artículo analiza la educación del indígena en las novelas Mariluán (1862) de Alberto Blest Gana y Aves sin nido (1889) de Clorinda Matto de Turner. Ambas obras plantean el problema del ...indígena para el proyecto nacional y de las dificultades que la educación conlleva. Mediante la revisión de las estrategias educativas en el enunciado de las obras se establece la relación entre la novela y el proceso civilizatorio que persiguen los autores. Ambas obras evidencian el fracaso de los intentos por civilizar el mundo indígena, determinado por distintos actores que funcionan como obstáculos para el desarrollo de las sociedades.
The quest for a spin‐polarized organic light‐emitting diode (spin‐OLED) is a common goal in the emerging fields of molecular electronics and spintronics. In this device, two ferromagnetic (FM) ...electrodes are used to enhance the electroluminescence intensity of the OLED through a magnetic control of the spin polarization of the injected carriers. The major difficulty is that the driving voltage of an OLED device exceeds a few volts, while spin injection in organic materials is only efficient at low voltages. The fabrication of a spin‐OLED that uses a conjugated polymer as bipolar spin collector layer and ferromagnetic electrodes is reported here. Through a careful engineering of the organic/inorganic interfaces, it is succeeded in obtaining a light‐emitting device showing spin‐valve effects at high voltages (up to 14 V). This allows the detection of a magneto‐electroluminescence (MEL) enhancement on the order of a 2.4% at 9 V for the antiparallel (AP) configuration of the magnetic electrodes. This observation provides evidence for the long‐standing fundamental issue of injecting spins from magnetic electrodes into the frontier levels of a molecular semiconductor. The finding opens the way for the design of multifunctional devices coupling the light and the spin degrees of freedom.
Spin‐polarized injection in the frontier electronic levels of a molecular semiconductor is demonstrated in a specially designed spin‐polarized organic light‐emitting diode. In this multifunctional spintronic device, the charge injection is optimized through the tailoring of the energy‐level alignment between the molecule's frontier orbital and the electrode's work functions. An enhancement in the magneto‐electroluminescence up to 2.4% is observed.
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BFBNIB, FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
Despite the important hydrological and ecological implications of the snowpack, its real time monitoring remains challenging. This is particularly relevant in relation to the Snow Water Equivalent ...(SWE), as the available technologies which measure it, exhibit a number of limitations that hinder their operational implementation. In this work, we explore the potential of a new technology, Muon Scattering Radiography, to infer the SWE. We coupled snowpack simulations generated by the SNOWPACK model, with a muon scattering simulation program based on GEANT4. The SWE is modeled as a function of the muon scattering distributions. Predictions of the SWE along the year are provided showing a root‐mean‐square error of 12 mm for 5 hr continuous measurements. We also performed laboratory measurements using ice samples, confirming the SWE estimation capabilities and the potential of the technique to operate as a SWE monitoring tool.
Plain Language Summary
The monitoring of the seasonal snowpack is important to understand and predict the dynamics of the hydrological and ecological processes, but its continuous monitoring is still a scientific challenge. Particularly in relation to the Snow Water Equivalent (SWE). The available technologies to monitor the SWE exhibit a number of limitations that prevent its use in many real world cases. Here we explore the potential of a new technology, Muon Scattering Radiography (MSR), to quantify the SWE. MSR is a technique based in the detection of the natural and innocuous radiation of muon particles. The technique consists in the measurement of muon deviations, which are larger when the muons cross very large or dense materials. In this analysis, we simulated the snowpack evolution itself and its measurement process. Then, we determined the relation between muon deviations and SWE. Finally, we estimated the precision in the determination of SWE comparing the predictions to the ground truth in simulation. The results yielded a precision of about 12 mm. We also performed laboratory measurements with ice samples, using a 4 layer muon detector based on multiwire proportional chambers, confirming the potential of the technique to operate as a SWE monitoring tool.
Key Points
We test the suitability of Muon Scattering Radiography to infer the Snow Water Equivalent (SWE)
Numerical simulations show the technique can estimate the SWE with a precision of around 12 mm
Laboratory measurements confirm the results obtained with simulation
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FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
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