We develop methods to deal with non-dynamical contributions to event-by-event fluctuation measurements of net-particle numbers in relativistic nuclear collisions. These contributions arise from ...impact parameter fluctuations and from the requirement of overall net-baryon number or net-charge conservation and may mask the dynamical fluctuations of interest, such as those due to critical endpoints in the QCD phase diagram. Within a model of independent particle sources we derive formulae for net-particle fluctuations and develop a rigorous approach to take into account contributions from participant fluctuations in realistic experimental environments and at any cumulant order. Interestingly, contributions from participant fluctuations to the second and third cumulants of net-baryon distributions are found to vanish at mid-rapidity for LHC energies while higher cumulants of even order are non-zero even when the net-baryon number at mid-rapidity is zero. At lower beam energies the effect of participant fluctuations increases and induces spurious higher moments. The necessary corrections become large and need to be carefully taken into account before comparison to theory. We also provide a procedure for selecting the optimal phase–space coverage of particles for fluctuation analyses and discuss quantitatively the necessary correction due to global charge conservation.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZRSKP
We study the influence of global baryon number conservation on the non-critical baseline of net baryon cumulants in heavy-ion collisions in a given acceptance, accounting for the asymmetry between ...the mean-numbers of baryons and antibaryons. We derive the probability distribution of net baryon number in a restricted phase space from the canonical partition function that incorporates exact conservation of baryon number in the full system. Furthermore, we provide tools to compute cumulants of any order from the generating function of uncorrelated baryons constrained by exact baryon number conservation. The results are applied to quantify the non-critical baseline for cumulants of net proton number fluctuations obtained in heavy-ion collisions by the STAR collaboration at different RHIC energies and by the ALICE collaboration at the LHC. Furthermore, volume fluctuations are added by a Monte Carlo procedure based on the centrality dependence of charged particle production as measured experimentally. Compared to the predictions based on the hadron resonance gas model or Skellam distribution a clear suppression of fluctuations is observed due to exact baryon-number conservation. The suppression increases with the order of the cumulant and towards lower collision energies. Predictions for net proton cumulants up to the eight order in heavy-ion collisions are given for experimentally accessible collision energies.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZRSKP
Abstract
In this article, we traced the development of fauna, bioecology and populations of more than 50 species of the main family
Lepidoptera
, found in the biocenosis of Uzbekistan. Research has ...been conducted in agricultural crops, forestry and natural biocenoses, and representatives of the
Lepidoptera
family have been involved in scientific research on species that cause great economic damage.
Trichogrammatidae
,
Braconidae
,
Ichneumonidae
,
Chalcididae
,
Pteromalidae
, and
Tachinidae
, the main entomophagous species that effectively control the number of members of the
Lepidoptera
family, have also been identified and systematically analyzed. The representatives of the family
Trichogrammatidae
, which are effective parasitic entomophagous in the management of the number of representatives of the family
Lepidoptera
. The study revealed that in the agrobiocenoses of cotton, mung bean, corn and cabbage in Tashkent province, the level of occurrence of three main species of nightshade pests of the family
Trichogrammatidae
, which are egg parasites of the family
Lepidoptera
, was determined. This means that the number of nights can be effectively controlled by members of the trichogramma family.
Abstract
The importance of red cabbage for expanding the range of vegetable crops in Uzbekistan is highlighted in this paper. The results of three-year (2018-2020) studies on the comparative ...assessment of the effectiveness of three spring planting dates (March 5-9, 13-16 and 25-27) at three seedling ages (70, 60 and 50 days) at each planting date were presented. It was revealed that the later the seeds are sown to obtain seedlings for spring culture, the faster the seedlings appear and the more the seedlings form leaves. With the postponement of the timing of planting seedlings, the survival rate of seedlings increases. It has been established that the later the seedlings are planted, the higher the temperatures are the growth of plants and the formation of heads. The most unfavorable temperature conditions are formed when the seedlings are planted on March 25-27, which causes a delay at the beginning of the formation of heads of cabbage, an increase in the number of leaves of a root rosette, a decrease in the setting and average weight of heads of cabbage and their marketability. The best indicators of head set-up, their average weight and marketability, yield per unit area are provided when planting on March 14-16, 70 and 60-day old seedlings. Planting seedlings on March 25-27, seedlings of any age, due to the formation of heads of cabbage at excessively high temperatures, delays the flow of products, reduces the setting, average weight and marketability of heads of cabbage and significantly reduces the yield per unit area. It is recommended for a spring culture to plant on March 14-16 with 70 and 60-day old seedlings and not allow planting at the end of March.
One of the ultimate goals of nuclear collision experiments at high energy is to map the phase diagram of strongly interacting matter. A very challenging task is the determination of the QCD phase ...structure including the search for critical behavior and verification of the possible existence of a critical end point of a first order phase transition line. A promising tool to probe the presence of critical behavior is the study of fluctuations and correlations of conserved charges since, in a thermal system, these fluctuations are directly related to the equation of state (EoS) of the system under the study. In this report an overview is given of several experimental measurements on net-proton multiplicity distributions such as cumulants and multi-particle correlation functions.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZRSKP
In this paper a new method of experimental data analysis, the Particle-Set Identification method, is presented. The method allows to reconstruct moments of multiplicity distribution of identified ...particles. The difficulty the method copes with is due to incomplete particle identification – a particle mass is frequently determined with a resolution which does not allow for a unique determination of the particle type. Within this method the moments of order k are calculated from mean multiplicities of k-particle sets of a given type. The Particle-Set Identification method remains valid even in the case of correlations between mass measurements for different particles. This distinguishes it from the Identity method introduced by us previously to solve the problem of incomplete particle identification in studies of particle fluctuations.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZRSKP
Abstract
The negative impact of pests on world agriculture is estimated at 1.4 trillion dollars, which is 5% of the global gross domestic product. In order to save the crops lost due to agricultural ...pests in the world, it is of urgent importance to develop effective and fundamentally based control measures against them. In this research, the main studied pests were Aphis craccovora Koch; Aphis gossypii Glow; Brevicoryne brassicae, Lysiphlebus fabarum Marsch, which is parasitic entomophages of Rhopalosiphum nymphaeae and sucking pests. It was found that the parasitic worm Aphis gossypii infects plant juices was on average 79.6 + 0.03. The parasite developed in this type of plant aphids lived for 7.1+0.02 days, the sex ratio was 1:5 (♂:♀). When the mummified and swollen plant aphids were examined due to infection with the parasite, it was found that the degree of damage to the host’s offspring was 67.2%.
Abstract
Studying the state of the art of current integration methods of a car engine with the automobile mechatronic system by using neural networks to orchestrate the methods of integration of a ...car engine with the automobile mechatronic system by using algorithmic electronic control based on new neural networks; to formulate the methodology of electronic model control of an engine with a mechatronic adapter; to design a model enabling calculation of input-output data; to analyze results of cold and hot tests of an engine, develop methods improving tests with the help of mechatronic adapter; to reason power and torque of an engine integrated with the mechatronic adapter; conceptualize the method of assessing fuel economy and environmental performances of an engine; put forward a guidance on research application and estimate economic efficiency. The article discusses the topic of improving the safety of transportation by introducing the latest capabilities of advanced technologies. The proposed solution uses the composition of engineering networks to expand such networks as ERA-GLONASS and e Call, which allows not only to transmit additional information, but also to combine information to determine the necessary means of emergency assistance and coordinate the entire emergency response operation. The key concept of the approach is to model the cyber-physical components of the human device using collections of resources that reflect them. Services have the ability to self-regulate, which allows them to independently adapt their behavior to the context of the vehicle driver's environment.
With the High Acceptance Di-Electron Spectrometer (HADES) at GSI we have studied dilepton production in the few-GeV energy regime in various collisions systems, from elementary
NN
, over
pA
, up to ...the medium-heavy Ar + KCl system. We have thus confirmed the puzzling results of the former DLS Collaboration at the Bevalac. While we have traced the origin of the excess pair yield in CC collisions to elementary
pp
and
pn
processes, in our Ar + KCl data a contribution from the dense phase of the collision has been identified. Together with the
e
+
e
−
pairs, we have also obtained in the Ar + KCl system at 1.76
A
GeV a high-statistics data set on open and hidden strangeness, i.e.
K
±
,
K
s
0
, Λ,
ϕ
, and Ξ
−
, allowing for a comprehensive discussion of strangeness production in this system.
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DOBA, EMUNI, FIS, FZAB, GEOZS, GIS, IJS, IMTLJ, IZUM, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, SBNM, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
We propose a model for a servicing system with perishable inventory and a finite queue of impatient claims where the server can be in one of three states: operational, early and delaying vacations. ...We develop a method for approximate computation of the system’s characteristics. We show results of numerical experiments.
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DOBA, EMUNI, FIS, FZAB, GEOZS, GIS, IJS, IMTLJ, IZUM, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NLZOH, NUK, OBVAL, OILJ, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, SBNM, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
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