The impact of noise pollution in urban healthy livings are not well documented and is seen often get less attention than it should. The increasing noise in urban settings must be studied further due ...to its site-specific nature for adoption of appropriate control measures or for better zoning of city's land uses. The present study assessed and evaluated the spatiotemporal variability of noise level and noise pollution indices for Chattogram City Corporation (CCC) in Bangladesh as study area. A total of 123 selected points were uniformly distributed to 41 wards under CCC has been taken as measuring sites. An ArcGIS 10.4 software is used to develop and evaluate the variations in noise descriptor and pollution indices in a graphical format. The study found that irrespective of sources, in general, city dwellers experienced moderately high noise with an average noise level of 75 dBA exceeding the limit values set by the Department of Environment (DoE), Bangladesh, World Health Organization (WHO), American Association of State Highway and Transportation Official (AASHTO) for different land uses individually or in combination. With an exception of few wards located far from major roads and with less population and industries, the city dwellers at 14 wards located in the north west, central and few parts of south belt experienced as high as 80 to 90 dBA based on noise equivalent (Leq), noise climate (NC) and noise pollution level (NPL) indices. The higher NPL of its standard value of 88 dBA is found at 14 wards align with the higher Leq and NC located close to major and urban road networks in CCC, while other 12 wards located in the central belt of the city are also with upper bound of limit values. Based on the results and reviewing the recommendations and standards, only three (3) out of the 41 wards or areas considered are under normally acceptable situation, while 12 wards are under normally unacceptable and the noise levels of the rest locations are clearly unacceptable. An immediate zoning of city's land uses and urban settings are to be taken in the identified wards. The outcomes of this study may assist policy makers, regulatory bodies and local council to adopt appropriate measures to ensure healthy living environment for city dwellers.
•A GIS based spatiotemporal variability of noise assessment has been studied.•Substantial temporal & spatial variabilities of noise descriptors are found.•Residential areas in CCC are surprisingly exposed to the highest noise pollution.•Noise map has been developed to illustrate pollution hots spots sites under CCC.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
The purpose of these analyses was to examine mediators of the transfer of cognitive speed of processing training to improved everyday functional performance (J. D. Edwards, V. G. Wadley,, D. E. ...Vance, D. L. Roenker, & K. K. Ball, 2005, The impact of speed of processing training on cognitive and everyday performance. Aging & Mental Health, 9, 262-271). Cognitive speed of processing and visual attention (as measured by the Useful Field of View Test; UFOV) were examined as mediators of training transfer. Secondary data analyses were conducted from the Staying Keen in Later Life (SKILL) study, a randomized cohort study including 126 community dwelling adults 63 to 87 years of age. In the SKILL study, participants were randomized to an active control group or cognitive speed of processing training (SOPT), a nonverbal, computerized intervention involving perceptual practice of visual tasks. Prior analyses found significant effects of training as measured by the UFOV and Timed Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (TIADL) Tests. Results from the present analyses indicate that speed of processing for a divided attention task significantly mediated the effect of SOPT on everyday performance (e.g., TIADL) in a multiple mediation model accounting for 91% of the variance. These findings suggest that everyday functional improvements found from SOPT are directly attributable to improved UFOV performance, speed of processing for divided attention in particular. Targeting divided attention in cognitive interventions may be important to positively affect everyday functioning among older adults.
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CEKLJ, FFLJ, NUK, ODKLJ, PEFLJ, UPUK
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