•Cell-free therapy using MSC-CM can offer an exciting approach in regenerative medicine.•Therapeutic role of cytokine and growth factors present in MSC-CM in clinical studies.•Cell-free therapy ...offers a significant advantage over cells based therapy and other conventional pharmaceutics.
Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSCs) have been shown to be a promising candidate for cell-based therapy. The therapeutic potential of MSCs, towards tissue repair and wound healing is essentially based on their paracrine effects. Numerous pre-clinical and clinical studies of MSCs have yielded encouraging results. Further, these cells have been shown to be relatively safe for clinical applications. MSCs harvested from numerous anatomical locations including the bone marrow, adipose tissue, Wharton’s jelly of the umbilical cord etc., display similar immunophenotypic profiles. However, there is a large body of evidence showing that MSCs secrete a variety of biologically active molecules such as growth factors, chemokines, and cytokines. Despite the similarity in their immunophenotype, the secretome of MSCs appears to vary significantly, depending on the age of the host and niches where the cells reside. Thus, by implication, proteomics-based profiling suggests that the therapeutic potential of the different MSC populations must also be different. Analysis of the secretome points to its influence on varied biological processes such as angiogenesis, neurogenesis, tissue repair, immunomodulation, wound healing, anti-fibrotic and anti-tumour for tissue maintenance and regeneration. Though MSC based therapy has been shown to be relatively safe, from a clinical standpoint, the use of cell-free infusions can altogether circumvent the administration of viable cells for therapy. Understanding the secretome of in vitro cultured MSC populations, by the analysis of the corresponding conditioned medium, will enable us to evaluate its utility as a new therapeutic option. This review will focus on the accumulating evidence that points to the therapeutic potential of the conditioned medium, both from pre-clinical and clinical studies. Finally, this review will emphasize the importance of profiling the conditioned medium for assessing its potential for cell-free therapy therapy.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have immense potential for cell-based therapy of acute and chronic pathological conditions. MSC transplantation for cell-based therapy requires a substantial number of ...cells in the range of 0.5-2.5 × 10
cells/kg body weight of an individual. A prolific source of MSCs followed by in vitro propagation is therefore an absolute prerequisite for clinical applications. Umbilical cord tissue (UCT) is an abundantly available prolific source of MSC that are fetal in nature and have higher potential for ex-vivo expansion. However, the ex-vivo expansion of MSCs using a xenogeneic supplement such as fetal bovine serum (FBS) carries the risk of transmission of zoonotic infections and immunological reactions. We used platelet lysate (PL) as a xeno-free, allogeneic replacement for FBS and compared the biological and functional characteristics of MSC processed and expanded with PL and FBS by explant and enzymatic method. UCT-MSCs expanded using PL displayed typical immunophenotype, plasticity, immunomodulatory property and chromosomal stability. PL supplementation also showed 2-fold increase in MSC yield from explant culture with improved immunomodulatory activity as compared to enzymatically dissociated cultures. In conclusion, PL from expired platelets is a viable alternative to FBS for generating clinically relevant numbers of MSC from explant cultures over enzymatic method.
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IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
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Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune inflammatory systematic complication which is a chronic disorder that severely affects bones and joints and results in the quality of life ...impairment. Methotrexate (MTX), an FDA-approved drug has maintained the standard of care for treating patients affected with RA. The mechanism of MTX includes the inhibition of purine and pyrimidine synthesis, suppression of polyamine accumulation, promotion of adenosine release, adhesion of the inflammatory molecules, and controlling of cytokine cascade in RA. The recommended dose for RA patients is 5–25 mg of MTX per week, depending on the severity of the disease but MTX has proven to be cytotoxic with side effects affecting various tissues when treating RA patients even with low doses over a prolonged period of time. The mechanism of such toxicity is not entirely understood. This review strives to understand it by correlating the different pathways, including MTX in folate metabolism, Sirt1/Nrf2/γ-gcs, and γ-gcs/CaSR-TNF-α/NF-kB signaling. In addition to this, the importance of targeted therapy combination with MTX on RA treatment and combinations approved from the clinical trials are also briefly discussed. Overall, this review elucidates the various MTX molecular mechanisms and toxicity at the molecular level, the limitations, and the scope for future directions.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
The encapsulation of probiotic Lactobacillus acidophilus through layer-by-layer self-assembly of polyelectrolytes (PE) chitosan (CHI) and carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) has been investigated to ...enhance its survival in adverse conditions encountered in the GI tract. The survival of encapsulated cells in simulated gastric (SGF) and intestinal fluids (SIF) is significant when compared to nonencapsulated cells. On sequential exposure to SGF and SIF for 120 min, almost complete death of free cells is observed. However, for cells coated with three nanolayers of PEs (CHI/CMC/CHI), about 33 log % of the cells (6 log cfu/500 mg) survived under the same conditions. The enhanced survival rate of encapsulated L. acidophilus can be attributed to the impermeability of polyelectrolyte nanolayers to large enzyme molecules like pepsin and pancreatin that cause proteolysis and to the stability of the polyelectrolyte nanolayers in gastric and intestinal pH. The PE coating also serves to reduce viability losses during freezing and freeze- drying. About 73 and 92 log % of uncoated and coated cells survived after freeze-drying, and the losses occurring between freezing and freeze-drying were found to be lower for the coated cells.
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IJS, KILJ, NUK, PNG, UL, UM, UPUK
In this current research, biogenic Copper oxide (CuO) nanoparticles were successfully produced by the green method, i.e. microwave-assisted process using Andrographis paniculata as a source. ...Microwave-assisted biogenic CuO nanoparticles were investigated with various instrumental techniques. The micrographs of the FESEM and TEM showed that the size of particles is around 30 nm. In addition, the photocatalytic performance of CuO nanoparticles was conducted against the methylene blue (MB) dye in the presence of natural sunlight irradiation. Further, antimicrobial activities of the biogenic CuO nanoparticles were tested against foodborne pathogens. The CuO nanoparticles showed anti-cancer (A549: IC
50
:14.76 µg/mL) activity and they are biocompatible in nature. In addition, biogenic CuO nanoparticles can be applicable to toxic pollutant treatment and pharma drug applications.
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BFBNIB, GIS, IJS, KISLJ, NUK, PNG, UL, UM, UPUK
TiO
2
nanoparticles were prepared by a microwave-assisted green method using
Andrographis paniculata
as fuel. XRD, Raman, FESEM with EDS, TEM and UV-DRS have been used for characterization of TiO
2
...nanoparticles. XRD exhibits a tetragonal structure with the average crystallite size of 19 nm. From Raman studies, the peaks at 196 (E
g
), 395 (B
1g
), 514 (A
1g
) and 639 (E
g
) are revealing the anatase phase of TiO
2
. FESEM and TEM images confirm the nanoparticles with average particle size are 25 nm. Optical bandgap of biogenic TiO
2
nanoparticles is 3.27 eV. Photoluminescence spectrum of TiO
2
nanoparticles showed blue and green emissions. The photocatalytic degradation study of biogenic TiO
2
nanoparticles was investigated against the Rose Bengal (RB) dye under UV light irradiation. Microwave-assisted green synthesized TiO
2
nanoparticles showed an excellent photocatalytic activity (RB dye). Antibacterial activity (disc diffusion method) of microwave-assisted biogenic TiO
2
nanoparticles is studied against foodborne pathogens. TiO
2
exhibits anti-lung cancer (human lung cancer A549: IC
50
: 24.96 µg/mL) activity along with biocompatibility.
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EMUNI, FIS, FZAB, GEOZS, GIS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NLZOH, NUK, OBVAL, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, SBNM, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
Graduate students are unaware of their final qualification for a course. Even though there were many models available, few works with feature selection and prediction with no control over the number ...of features to be used. As a result of the lack of an improved performance forecasting system, students are only qualified on the second or third attempt. A warning system in place could help the students reduce their arrear count. All students undertaking higher education should obtain the qualification at their desired level of education without delay to transit to their careers on time. Therefore, there should be a predictive system for students to warn during the course work period and guide them to qualify in a first attempt itself. Although so many factors were present that affected the qualifying score, here proposed a feature selection technique that selects a minimal number of well-playing features. Also proposed a model Supervised Learning Approach to unfold Student's Academic Future Progression through Supervised Learning Approach for Student's Academic Future Progression (SLASAFP) algorithm that recommends the best fitting machine learning algorithm based on the features dynamically. It has proven with comparable predictive accuracy.
A family of 12 triazolo-pyridazine-6-yl-substituted piperazines (5a-l) was synthesized and evaluated for their Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibition potentials in order to develop them as ...anti-diabetic medications. In the two-step synthesis process, 6-chloro-3-(m-tolyl)-1,2,4triazolo4,3-bpyridazine was synthesized with one-pot mode using pyridine, 3,6-dichloropyridazine 5-(3-methyl-phenyl)tetrazole in toluene. Conjugating corresponding 2° amines with 6-chloro-3-(m-tolyl)-1,2,4triazolo4,3-bpyridazine afforded the target triazolo-pyridazine-6-yl-substituted piperazines (5a-l). DPP-4 inhibition potential of these compounds was testified in silico and in nitro along with their insulinotropic activities in 832/13 INS-1 cells. H2O2 radical scavenging assay and MTT assay were conducted to assess the antioxidant and cytotoxicity of these compounds respectively. Molecular docking and ELISA based enzyme inhibition assay results revealed the strong inhibition potential of the target compounds. MTT assay results indicated a maximum dose of 2.5 nM (IC50 1.25 nM) could be used and above this level vital for the cells. Compounds 5a, 5c, 5g and 5i were found with excellent antioxidant and insulinotropic activity up to 99%.
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•Triazolo-pyridazine-6-yl-substituted piperazines (5a-l) synthesized as anti-diabetes drugs.•All synthetic routes were reflected eco-friendly chemistry approach.•Compounds 5a-l were able to bind on catalytic site of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4).•Compounds 5a, 5c, 5g and 5i showed good antioxidant & insulinotropic activities.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
Background: The demanding nature of medical education poses unique challenges to the mental health and academic performance of first-year medical students. The transition into the rigorous medical ...curriculum, coupled with the high-stakes environment of healthcare, often leads to increased stress levels and potential negative impacts on well-being. Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction (MBSR) has emerged as a promising intervention to address these challenges. Objective: To evaluate the effect of Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction on the Mental health and Academic performance of first-year medical students in a teaching medical institute by randomized controlled trial (RCT) Methodology: An RCT was conducted from May 2023 to July 2023, involving first-year medical students in a self-financing medical college. A total of 227 students participated, randomly assigned to either the intervention group, which underwent an eight-week MBSR program incorporating mindfulness meditation and stress reduction techniques, or the control group, receiving conventional medical education without mindfulness training. Data collection for both pre-and post-tests utilized a comprehensive questionnaire-based interview, incorporating validated instruments such as the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS), the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), and The Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS). The collected data will be analyzed using SPSS version 26. Descriptive and Inferential statistics will be applied to compare outcomes between the intervention and control groups, with statistical significance set at p < 0.05. Results: A total of 227 students participated, with 110 in the control arm and 117 in the intervention arm. Further data analysis is currently in progress and will be presented during the upcoming presentation. Conclusion: Stress is prevalent in medical students and has adverse effects on students mental health. Mindfulness practice has wide-ranging positive effects and would be beneficial as a stress reduction and preventative mental health intervention.
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IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK, VSZLJ
Various medical imaging modalities like positron emission, magnetic resonance, electromagnetic radiation based X-radiation, computer tomography in which computer system is used with X-ray machine, ...single photon emission tomography here integration result of CT scan and radioactive tracer are used for identification of disease. ...we have concluded with the section IV. 2.METHODS AND MATERIAL 2.1 Material Data collected from Penn hippocampus atlas resource. Here we have taken mean, standard deviation and entropy by trial and error method as well as with the historical knowledge of manual segmented result priorly available which is done as follows manually segmented images are required for creating the mathematical model only once. Computed features like mean, standard deviation, and entropy for HC in the manual segmented result and shown in Table1. which can be used for validation.
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