•Electric Vehicle charging in apartment buildings.•Hourly predictions based on data sources frequently available for residents.•Field data from 6878 charging sessions registered by 97 ...users.•Significant potential for residential EV charging flexibility.
The increase in the number of electric vehicles leads to an increased demand for residential charging. While EV electric loads can have a negative impact on the power grid, they also represent a large potential for energy flexibility. This study proposes a methodology to describe charging habits, electricity load profiles, and flexibility potentials of EV charging in apartment buildings. The input data used for the method are generally available for buildings with multiple EV charge points: EV charging reports with individual charging sessions and aggregated smart meter data. The case study is a large housing cooperative in Norway, with a combination of private and shared charge points for the residents. The study compares two charging power assumptions of 3.6 kW and 7.2 kW. The flexibility potential increases with higher charging power. The study reveals a significant potential for residential EV charging flexibility when private parking spaces have EV charge points.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
Salivary secretion in health and disease Pedersen, A. M. L.; Sørensen, C. E.; Proctor, G. B. ...
Journal of oral rehabilitation,
September 2018, Volume:
45, Issue:
9
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
Open access
Summary
Saliva is a complex fluid produced by 3 pairs of major salivary glands and by hundreds of minor salivary glands. It comprises a large variety of constituents and physicochemical properties, ...which are important for the maintenance of oral health. Saliva not only protects the teeth and the oropharyngeal mucosa, it also facilitates articulation of speech, and is imperative for mastication and swallowing. Furthermore, saliva plays an important role in maintaining a balanced microbiota. Thus, the multiple functions provided by saliva are essential for proper protection and functioning of the body as a whole and for the general health. A large number of diseases and medications can affect salivary secretion through different mechanisms, leading to salivary gland dysfunction and associated oral problems, including xerostomia, dental caries and fungal infections. The first part of this review article provides an updated insight into our understanding of salivary gland structure, the neural regulation of salivary gland secretion, the mechanisms underlying the formation of saliva, the various functions of saliva and factors that influence salivary secretion under normal physiological conditions. The second part focuses on how various diseases and medical treatment including commonly prescribed medications and cancer therapies can affect salivary gland structure and function. We also provide a brief insight into how to diagnose salivary gland dysfunction.
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BFBNIB, CMK, FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
To investigate trends in obesity prevalence in recent years and to predict the obesity prevalence in 2015 in European populations.
Data of 97,942 participants from seven cohorts involved in the ...European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) study participating in the Diogenes project (named as "Diogenes cohort" in the following) with weight measurements at baseline and follow-up were used to predict future obesity prevalence with logistic linear and non-linear (leveling off) regression models. In addition, linear and leveling off models were fitted to the EPIC-Potsdam dataset with five weight measures during the observation period to find out which of these two models might provide the more realistic prediction.
During a mean follow-up period of 6 years, the obesity prevalence in the Diogenes cohort increased from 13% to 17%. The linear prediction model predicted an overall obesity prevalence of about 30% in 2015, whereas the leveling off model predicted a prevalence of about 20%. In the EPIC-Potsdam cohort, the shape of obesity trend favors a leveling off model among men (R² = 0.98), and a linear model among women (R² = 0.99).
Our data show an increase in obesity prevalence since the 1990ies, and predictions by 2015 suggests a sizeable further increase in European populations. However, the estimates from the leveling off model were considerably lower.
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DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Feasibility study.
To determine the feasibility of conducting a large trial designed to determine whether the ROBERT
can be used to increase the strength of the hip flexor muscles after spinal cord ...injury (SCI). The ROBERT
is a robotic device that provides assisted active movement while supporting the weight of the leg. Focus was on recruitment capability, suitability, and acceptability of the intervention and outcome measure.
Specialised SCI centre in Denmark.
All first-time admitted patients were screened to assess participant recruitment capability. Four people with SCI < 3 months tested a protocol consisting of 60 repetitions of hip flexion in supine conducted with the assistance of the ROBERT
three times a week for 4 weeks. Feasibility was assessed based on adherence to the protocol and completion rate and from the participants' perspectives. Maximal voluntary contraction (MVC) was accessed at baseline and four weeks.
The recruitment rate was 8% (7 months). The four participants completed 44 out of 48 sessions (92%). No adverse events occurred. One physiotherapist was required to set-up and supervise each session. The active exercise time varied from 7.5 to 17 min. The participants found the ROBERT
a good supplement to their usual rehabilitation. We were able to measure MVC in even very weak hip flexor muscles with a dynamometer MicroFET2 fixed to a frame.
The ROBERT
was feasible and acceptable. The participants perceived it as a supplement, not a replacement to usual physiotherapy. However, recruitment to the study was slow.
ClinicalTrials.gov NCT05558254. Registered 28th September 2022.
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EMUNI, FIS, FZAB, GEOZS, GIS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, SBNM, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
Venous thromboembolism (VTE) frequently complicates cancer. Data on tumour-specific VTE predictors are limited, but may inform strategies to prevent thrombosis.
We computed incidence rates (IRs) with ...95% confidence intervals (CIs) for VTE hospitalisation in a cohort of cancer patients (n=57,591) and in a comparison general-population cohort (n=287,476) in Denmark. The subjects entered the study in 1997-2005, and the follow-up continued through 2006. Using Cox proportional-hazards regression, we estimated relative risks (RRs) for VTE predictors, while adjusting for comorbidity.
Throughout the follow-up, VTE IR was higher among the cancer patients (IR=8.0, 95% CI=7.6-8.5) than the general population (IR=4.7, 95% CI=4.3-5.1), particularly in the first year after cancer diagnosis (IR=15.0, 95% CI=13.8-16.2, vs IR=8.6, 95% CI=7.6-9.9). Incidence rates of VTE were highest in patients with pancreas (IR=40.9, 95% CI=29.5-56.7), brain (IR=17.7, 95% CI=11.3-27.8) or liver (IR=20.4, 95% CI=9.2-45.3) tumours, multiple myeloma (IR=22.6, 95% CI=15.4-33.2) and among patients with advanced-stage cancers (IR=27.7, 95% CI=24.0-32.0) or those who received chemotherapy or no/symptomatic treatment. The adjusted RR (aRR) for VTE was highest among patients with pancreas (aRR=16.3, 95% CI=8.1-32.6) or brain cancer (aRR=19.8 95% CI=7.1-55.2), multiple myeloma (aRR=46.1, 95% CI=13.1-162.0) and among patients receiving chemotherapy, either alone (aRR=18.5, 95% CI=11.9-28.7) or in combination treatments (aRR=16.2, 95% CI=12.0-21.7).
Risk of VTE is higher among cancer patients than in the general population. Predictors of VTE include recency of cancer diagnosis, cancer site, stage and the type of cancer-directed treatment.
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DOBA, EMUNI, FIS, FZAB, GEOZS, GIS, IJS, IMTLJ, IZUM, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, SBNM, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
With the continuous development, in the last decades, of analytical techniques providing complex information at single cell level, the study of cell heterogeneity has been the focus of several ...research projects within analytical biotechnology. Nonetheless, the complex interplay between environmental changes and cellular responses is yet not fully understood, and the integration of this new knowledge into the strategies for design, operation and control of bioprocesses is far from being an established reality. Indeed, the impact of cell heterogeneity on productivity of large scale cultivations is acknowledged but seldom accounted for. In order to include population heterogeneity mechanisms in the development of novel bioprocess control strategies, a reliable mathematical description of such phenomena has to be developed. With this review, we search to summarize the potential of currently available methods for monitoring cell population heterogeneity as well as model frameworks suitable for describing dynamic heterogeneous cell populations. We will furthermore underline the highly important coordination between experimental and modeling efforts necessary to attain a reliable quantitative description of cell heterogeneity, which is a necessity if such models are to contribute to the development of improved control of bioprocesses.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK
Summary
Background
Chronic kidney disease is associated with hemostatic derangements, including both procoagulant activity and platelet dysfunction, which may influence the risk of venous ...thromboembolism. However, data associating kidney disease with risk of venous thromboembolism are sparse.
Objectives
We examined whether kidney disease is associated with increased risk of venous thromboembolism.
Methods
We conducted this nationwide case‐control study using data from medical databases. We included 128 096 patients with a hospital diagnosis of VTE in Denmark between 1980 and 2010 (54 473 had pulmonary embolism and 73 623 had deep venous thrombosis only) and 642 426 age‐ and gender‐matched population controls based on risk‐set sampling. We identified all previous hospital diagnoses of kidney disease, including nephrotic syndrome, glomerulonephritis without nephrotic syndrome, hypertensive nephropathy, chronic pyelonephritis/interstitial nephritis, polycystic kidney disease, diabetic nephropathy, or other kidney diseases. We used conditional logistic regression models to compute odds ratios (ORs) for venous thromboembolism with adjustment for potential confounders.
Results
Kidney disease was associated with an adjusted OR for venous thromboembolism ranging from 1.41 (95% CI, 1.22–1.63) for hypertensive nephropathy to 2.89 (95% CI, 2.26–3.69) for patients with nephrotic syndrome. The association was strongest within the first 3 months after a diagnosis of chronic kidney disease (adjusted OR for nephrotic syndrome = 23.23; 95% CI, 8.58–62.89), gradually declining thereafter. The risk, however, remained elevated for more than 5 years, especially in patients with nephrotic syndrome and glomerulonephritis.
Conclusions
Kidney diseases, in particular nephrotic syndrome and glomerulonephritis, were associated with an increased risk of venous thromboembolism.
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FZAB, GEOZS, GIS, IJS, IMTLJ, IZUM, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
BACKGROUND: Dietary fiber may play a role in obesity prevention. Until now, the role that fiber from different sources plays in weight change had rarely been studied. OBJECTIVE: Our aim was to ...investigate the association of total dietary fiber, cereal fiber, and fruit and vegetable fiber with changes in weight and waist circumference. DESIGN: We conducted a prospective cohort study with 89,432 European participants, aged 20-78 y, who were free of cancer, cardiovascular disease, and diabetes at baseline and who were followed for an average of 6.5 y. Dietary information was collected by using validated country-specific food-frequency questionnaires. Multiple linear regression analysis was performed in each center studied, and estimates were combined by using random-effects meta-analyses. Adjustments were made for follow-up duration, other dietary variables, and baseline anthropometric, demographic, and lifestyle factors. RESULTS: Total fiber was inversely associated with subsequent weight and waist circumference change. For a 10-g/d higher total fiber intake, the pooled estimate was -39 g/y (95% CI: -71, -7 g/y) for weight change and -0.08 cm/y (95% CI: -0.11, -0.05 cm/y) for waist circumference change. A 10-g/d higher fiber intake from cereals was associated with -77 g/y (95% CI: -127, -26 g/y) weight change and -0.10 cm/y (95% CI: -0.18, -0.02 cm/y) waist circumference change. Fruit and vegetable fiber was not associated with weight change but had a similar association with waist circumference change when compared with intake of total dietary fiber and cereal fiber. CONCLUSION: Our finding may support a beneficial role of higher intake of dietary fiber, especially cereal fiber, in prevention of body-weight and waist circumference gain.
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CMK, GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
We present the first experimental realization of coherent Bragg scattering off a one-dimensional system-two strings of atoms strongly coupled to a single photonic mode-realized by trapping atoms in ...the evanescent field of a tapered optical fiber, which also guides the probe light. We report nearly 12% power reflection from strings containing only about 1000 cesium atoms, an enhancement of 2 orders of magnitude compared to reflection from randomly positioned atoms. This result paves the road towards collective strong coupling in 1D atom-photon systems. Our approach also allows for a straightforward fiber connection between several distant 1D atomic crystals.
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CMK, CTK, FMFMET, IJS, NUK, PNG, UM
Discrete Element Method (DEM) simulations are a promising approach to accurately predict agglomeration and deposition of micron-sized adhesive particles. However, the mechanistic models in DEM ...combined with high particle stiffness for most common materials require time step sizes in the order of nanoseconds, which makes DEM simulations impractical for more complex applications.
In this study, analytically derived guidelines on how to reduce computational time by using a reduced particle stiffness are given. The guidelines are validated by comparing simulations of particles with and without reduced particle stiffness to experimental data. Then two well-defined test cases are investigated to show the applicability of the guidelines.
When introducing a reduced particle stiffness in DEM simulations by reducing the effective Young's modulus from E to Emod, the surface energy density γ in the adhesive Johnson-Kendall-Roberts (JKR) model by Johnson et al. 1 should be modified as γmod=γ (Emod/E)2/5. Using this relation, the stick/rebound threshold remains the same but the collision process takes place over a longer time period, which allows for a higher time step size. When rolling motion is important, the commonly used adhesive rolling resistance torque model proposed by Dominik and Tielens 2,3, Krijt et al. 4 can be used by modifying the contact radius ratio (a/a0)3/2 to (amod/a0,mod)3/2, while keeping the other terms unaltered in the description of the rolling resistance torque Mr,mod=−4FC (a/a0)3/2ξ. Furthermore, as the particle stiffness is reduced from E to Emod, the time period for collisions (or oscillations when particles stick upon impact) Δtcol is found to vary as Δtcol,mod=Δtcol(E/Emod)2/5. As the collision duration and the collision time step size are directly related, this criterion can be used to estimate how much the time step size can be changed when a reduced particle stiffness is introduced.
Introducing particles with a reduced particle stiffness has some limitations when strong external forces are acting to break-up formed agglomerates or re-entrain particles deposited on a surface out into the free stream. Therefore, care should be taken in flows with high local shear to make sure that an external force, such as a fluid drag force, acting to separate agglomerated particles, is several orders of magnitude lower than the critical force required to separate particles.
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•Guidelines to reduce computation time of adhesive collisions using JKR model are presented.•Guidelines to modify JKR based rolling resistance models are presented.•The surface energy density should be modified as γmod=γ(Emod/E)2/5.•The computation time can be reduced by a factor (E/Emod)2/5.•Dimensionless map showing borders between sticking, rebounding and rolling behaviour stays the same.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZRSKP
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