Epigenetic silencing of transposons by Piwi-interacting RNAs (piRNAs) constitutes an RNA-based genome defense mechanism. Piwi endonuclease action amplifies the piRNA pool by generating new piRNAs ...from target transcripts by a poorly understood mechanism. Here, we identified mouse Fkbp6 as a factor in this biogenesis pathway delivering piRNAs to the Piwi protein Miwi2. Mice lacking Fkbp6 derepress LINE1 (L1) retrotransposon and display reduced DNA methylation due to deficient nuclear accumulation of Miwi2. Like other cochaperones, Fkbp6 associates with the molecular chaperone Hsp90 via its tetratricopeptide repeat (TPR) domain. Inhibition of the ATP-dependent Hsp90 activity in an insect cell culture model results in the accumulation of short antisense RNAs in Piwi complexes. We identify these to be byproducts of piRNA amplification that accumulate only in nuage-localized Piwi proteins. We propose that the chaperone machinery normally ejects these inhibitory RNAs, allowing turnover of Piwi complexes for their continued participation in piRNA amplification.
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► Mouse Fkbp6 is a secondary piRNA biogenesis factor ► Fkbp6 is a cochaperone that interacts with Hsp90 ► Hsp90 is required for removal of 16 nt Ping-pong byproducts ► Role for an additional 5′ nuclease activity in the Ping-pong cycle
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
A liquid electrolyte based on binary solvent systems of ethylene carbonate (EC), dimethyl carbonate (DMC) and lithium bis(trifluoromethane)sulfonimide (LiTFSI) salt incorporating with acrylic acid ...(AA) monomer was synthesized. The ionic conductivity studies revealed that the conductivity of the liquid electrolyte was enhanced from 2.16 × 10−3 to 2.24 × 10−3 S cm−1 at room temperature after the addition of 0.1 mol/kg AA due to the presence of a carbonyl group in AA structure. The viscosity and the temperature dependence of the ionic conductivity followed an Arrhenius equation. Interactions of the EC/DMC, LiTFSI and AA were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy analysis. The electrochemical performance of the liquid electrolyte towards electric double layer capacitor (EDLC) was investigated using cyclic voltammetry, galvanostatic charge-discharge and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy techniques. EDLC performances demonstrated that the supercapacitors exhibited specific capacitance ∼24.01 F/g at 5 mV/s. The life cycle test revealed that supercapacitor cell incorporated with synthesized liquid electrolyte possessed excellent stability and coulombic efficiency even after 4000 cycles.
•Electrolyte based on Ethylene carbonate, dimethyl carbonate and LiTFSI was prepared.•Acrylic acid was added in above electrolyte and its affect was analysed.•Ionic conductivity studies revealed that sample AA 0.1 has highest conductivity.•The synthesized electrolyte showed enhance performance for supercapacitor.•The synthesized electrolyte based supercapacitor was highly stable.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZRSKP
Color removal from wastewater has been a matter of concern, both in the aesthetic sense and health point of view. Color removal from textile effluents on a continuous industrial scale has been given ...much attention in the last few years, not only because of its potential toxicity, but also mainly due to its visibility problem. There have been various promising techniques for the removal of dyes from wastewater. However, the effectiveness of adsorption for dye removal from wastewater has made it an ideal alternative to other expensive treatment methods. In this review, an extensive list of sorbent literature has been compiled. The review evaluates different agricultural waste materials as low-cost adsorbents for the removal of dyes from wastewater. The review also outlines some of the fundamental principles of dye adsorption on to adsorbents.
In the present study, stabilized landfill leachate treatment by heterogeneous Fenton and electro-Fenton (EF) was carried out. Iron-manganese binary oxide loaded zeolite (IMZ) was used as a catalyst ...for generating hydroxyl radicals in the acidic medium. Heterogeneous Fenton process was capable of removing 88.6% COD from landfill leachate at the optimal conditions, while 87.5% COD removal was observed at optimal EF treatment conditions. Biodegradability of landfill leachate was increased significantly from 0.03 to 0.52 after Fenton treatment. The prepared heterogeneous catalyst was found reusable with a reduction in COD removal rate. Even though, both the processes are efficient for leachate treatment, the low catalyst dosage requirement in case of EF process justifies that it is more feasible than Fenton process.
•Effective treatment of stabilized landfill leachate by Fenton and electro-Fenton.•Iron-manganese binary oxide loaded zeolite is an efficient heterogeneous catalyst.•Enhancement in biodegradability of leachate after treatment.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZRSKP
In 2004, Geim and Novoselov discovered two-dimensional graphene comprised of
sp
2
carbon atoms. Graphene is a thin layer of carbon consisting of excellent surface area, thermal conductivity, high ...electron mobility, greater mechanical strength, high electrical conductivity, and current density. Graphene attained significant attention among the research community. The properties and attributes of graphene make this material sufficiently promising to be utilized in different sectors. Based on this, researchers' interest in exploring innovative methods to develop quality graphene for the industrial purpose have increased. Therefore, this review presents a current research development on the synthesis methods of graphene and its composites and their structure and properties. Furthermore, the practical aspects of graphene and its derivatives that are fabricated via these techniques for different graphene-based applications in the development of biosensors, water treatment, solar energy systems, fuel cells, catalysis engineering, food package engineering, and various other applications are also discussed. Based on the literature published over the years, it has been observed that the synthesis approaches, namely liquid-phase exfoliation, chemical vapor deposition (CVD), and oxidative exfoliation reduction, can be commercialized to produce high-quality graphene. Overall, graphene-based nanomaterials have opened glorious opportunities for future applications.
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DOBA, EMUNI, FIS, FZAB, GEOZS, GIS, IJS, IMTLJ, IZUM, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, SBNM, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
Hydrogel materials are receiving increasing research interest due to their intriguing structures that consist of a crosslinked network of polymer chains with interstitial spaces filled with solvent ...water. This feature endows the materials with the characteristics of being both wet and soft, making them ideal candidates for electrolyte materials for flexible energy storage devices, such as supercapacitors that are under intensive studies nowadays. In this study, hybrid poly (N, N-dimethylacrylamide) (PDMA) hydrogels were prepared through free radical mechanism. Ammonium persulfate was used as a free radical initiator while sodium montmorillonite was used as a crosslinker. Magnesium trifluoromethanesulfonate (MgTf2) and cobalt oxide (Co3O4) nanoparticles were added to provide the conduction pathway. The synthesized hydrogels were characterized using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM). The presence of Co3O4 nanoparticles in the hybrid hydrogel was confirmed using energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). The ionic conductivity study was performed using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The ionic conductivity study revealed that hydrogel containing MgTf2 and Co3O4 nanoparticles (DMA3) has the highest ambient ionic conductivity (9.4 × 10−3 S cm−1, respectively), dielectric permittivity, and lowest activation energy (0.094 eV). Transference number of hydrogel electrolyte was measured which described the movement of ions due to the presence of salt ions and nanoparticles. Furthermore, electrochemical performance of the synthesized hydrogels in electric double layer capacitor (EDLC) was examined using activated carbon electrode. The electrochemical studies such as cyclic voltammetry (CV) and galvanic charge-discharge (GCD) revealed that hydrogel containing MgTf2 and Co3O4 nanoparticles (DMA3) hydrogel showed maximum specific capacitance of 26.1 F g−1 at 3 mV s−1 and 29.48 F g−1 at 30 mA g−1, respectively. Additionally, it was able to withstand 97.4% of capacitance from its initial capacitance value over 8000 cycles at a current density of 200 mA g−1. The fabricated device revealed the successful light up of light emitting diode (LED). Hence, it can be said that the synthesized hydrogel electrolyte has significant potential for smart, light weight, and flexible electronic devices.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
Interest in the development of new materials based on natural polysaccharides has grown exponentially in the last decade. Therefore, polysaccharide hydrogels gain striking attention having unique ...properties. In this study, karaya gum polysaccharide hydrogels have been synthesized using free radical mechanism. In this mechanism, ammonium persulfate (APS) was used as an initiator to form free radicals of karaya gum and acrylic acid while N, N′-methylenebisacrylamide (MBA) was used to crosslink these radicals. The synthesized hydrogels were characterized in terms of structure and properties. The structural evaluation was performed using different techniques. The vanishing of existing and appearance of new functional groups were analyzed using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) analysis. The physical state of the hydrogel was evaluated using X-ray diffraction analysis while thermal stability and formation of hydrogels were further confirmed using Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The morphology study was conducted using Field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM). Furthermore, mechanical properties of hydrogels were investigated using rheometer and swelling properties were evaluated in water and buffer solutions of pH 7.4 and pH 1.2. Hydrophobic drug loading and structural stability of drug after drug loading are the major challenges in the drug delivery. Hydrophobic drug quercetin was loaded, and in vitro release studies were conducted. The quercetin release showed complete non-Fickian transport mechanism. All these results revealed the successful synthesis of hydrogels and potential applications of hydrogels in hydrophobic drug delivery.
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•Karaya gum-g-poly (acrylic acid) hydrogels synthesized through free radical mechanism.•FTIR, XRD, and DSC conformed the successful synthesis of hydrogels.•Morphology study indicated porous network.•Mechanical strength and hydrophobic quercetin release were composition dependent.•Quercetin maintained chemical identity after in vitro release.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZRSKP
•A synopsis of heat and mass transfer mechanism during roasting.•Overview of conventional and emerging roasting methods.•Novel techniques ensure uniform and efficient roasting with superior ...control.•A critical appraisal of the effect of roasting on different food matrix components.
Roasting is a food processingtechnique that employs the principle of heating to cook the product evenly and enhance the digestibility, palatability and sensory aspects of foods with desirable structural modifications of the food matrix. With the burgeoning demand for fortified roasted products along with the concern for food hygiene and the effects of harmful compounds, novel roasting techniques, and equipment to overcome the limitations of conventional operations are indispensable. Roasting techniques employing microwave, infrared hot-air, superheated steam, Revtech roaster, and Forced Convection Continuous Tumble (FCCT) roasting have been figuratively emerging to prominence for effectively roasting different foods without compromising the nutritional quality. The present review critically appraises various conventional and emerging roasting techniques, their advantages and limitations, and their effect on different food matrix components, functional properties, structural attributes, and sensory aspects for a wide range of products. It was seen that thermal processing at high temperatures for increased durations affected both the physicochemical and structural properties of food. Nevertheless, novel techniques caused minimum destructive impacts as compared to the traditional processes. However, further studies applying novel roasting techniques with a wide range of operating conditions on different types of products are crucial to establish the potential of these techniques in obtaining safe, quality foods.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
Abstract Fuel cell vehicles (FCVs) are gaining significance due to their potential to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and dependence on fossil fuels. Their efficient fuel cell cycle makes them ideal ...for last-mile transportation, offering zero emissions and longer range compared to battery electric vehicles. Additionally, the generation of electricity through fuel cell stacks is becoming increasingly popular, providing a clean energy source for various applications. This paper focuses on utilizing the energy from fuel cycle bicycles when it's not in use and feeding it into the home DC grid. To achieve this, a dual-phase DC to DC converter is proposed to boost stack voltage and integrate with the 24 V DC home grid system. The converter design is simulated using the PSIM platform and tested in a hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) environment with real-time simulation capabilities.
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IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
In this paper, a hybrid nanocomposite of cellulose fiber/multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT)/reduced graphene oxide (rGO)/Cobalt oxide (Co3O4)/tin oxide (SnO2) is synthesized via a hydrothermal ...method for supercapacitor applications and characterized for their electrochemical performance and thermal stability. The morphology of the nanocomposites was characterized by using scanning electron microscope (SEM) and transmission electron microscope (TEM). Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Raman spectroscopy were used to determine the chemical groups and crystal structure. Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) confirmed the constitutional proportions of various elements in the composite. The electrode was fabricated from the nanocomposite and characterized by cyclic voltammetry (CV) that showed good cyclic stability with 88% capacitance retention after 1000 cycles and a capacitance of 215 F g−1 and 181 F g−1at a current density of 0.2 A g−1and 0.4 A g−1, respectively. The hybrid nanocomposite showed higher thermal stability than cellulose fiber/MWCNT and cellulose fiber/MWCNT/rGO composites. This simple, scalable and low-cost approach could open new opportunities for next-generation energy storage devices.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZRSKP
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