A large-scale disaster has occurred due to the earthquake. In particular, 20% of the world's earthquakes with a magnitude of 6 or more occur near Japan. Damage analysis of buildings by image analysis ...have been effectively carried out using optical high-resolution satellite images and aerial photograph with spatial resolution of about 2 m or less. In this study, the damaged buildings caused by large-scale and continuous earthquakes in Kumamoto, Japan that occurred in April 2016 was selected as a typical example of damaged buildings. For these earthquake event, the applicability of damage distribution of buildings and recovery/restoration status by texture analysis was examined. The applicability of the representative in the dissimilarity texture analysis methods Gray- Level Co-occurrence Matrix (GLCM) method by image interpretation in the case of a large number of collapsed and wrecked buildings in a wide area was assessed. These results suggest that dissimilarity was applicable to the extraction of damaged and removed buildings in the event of such an earthquake. In addition, the analysis results were appropriately evaluated by comparing the field survey results with the image interpretation results of the pan-sharpened image. From these results, we confirmed the effectiveness of texture analysis using time-series high-resolution satellite images in grasping the damaged buildings before and immediately after the disaster and in the restoration situation 1 year after the disaster.
Continuous heavy rain for a long duration over mountainous terrain, where the elevation is relatively low and the topography is complex leads to multiple small-scale landslides over a wide area. ...Detailed investigations of small-scale landslides have been effectively carried out using optical high-resolution satellite images with spatial resolution of about 2 m or less. In this study, the sediment-related disaster caused by heavy rain in northern Kyushu, Japan that occurred in July 2017 was selected as a typical example of small-scale landslide. For this landslide event, the applicability of the conventional superpixel segmentation for landslide separation was examined. The applicability of the representative SLIC and SLICO methods in the superpixel segmentation method by image interpretation in the case of a large number of small-scale landslides in a wide area was assessed. These results suggest that in the case of such a disaster, segmentation by the SLICO method will be better. In addition, the set value of the area size for the area division was systematically examined from the distribution tendency of the average NDVI value in the divided area. It was shown that the landslide region can be extracted with relatively high accuracy by the land cover classification process by the NN method by using the appropriate region size examined by the SLICO method.
Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutations are a potential predictor of the effectiveness of EGFR inhibitors for the treatment of lung cancer. Although EGFR mutations were reported to occur ...with high frequency in nonsmoking Japanese adenocarcinoma patients, the exact nature has not been fully elucidated. We examined EGFR gene mutations within exons 18-21 and their correlations to clinico-pathological factors and other genetic alterations in tumour specimens from 154 patients who underwent resection for lung cancer at Kyoto University Hospital. Epidermal growth factor receptor mutations were observed in 60 tumours (39.0%), all of which were adenocarcinoma. Among the patients with adenocarcinoma (n=108), EGFR mutations were more frequently observed in nonsmokers than former smokers or current smokers (83.0, 50.0, 15.2%, respectively), in women than men (76.3 vs 34.0%), in tumours with bronchio-alveolar component than those without bronchio-alveolar component (78.9 vs 42.9%), and in well or moderately differentiated tumours than poorly differentiated tumours (72.0, 64.4, 34.2%). No tumours with EGFR mutations had any K-ras codon 12 mutations, which were well-known smoking-related gene mutations. In conclusion, adenocarcinomas with EGFR mutation had a distinctive clinico-pathological feature unrelated to smoking. Epidermal growth factor receptor mutations may play a key role in the development of smoking-independent adenocarcinoma.
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DOBA, EMUNI, FIS, FZAB, GEOZS, GIS, IJS, IMTLJ, IZUM, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, SBNM, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
Cytokeratin 5 (CK5) is a marker for pulmonary squamous cell carcinoma; however, CK5 is sometimes present in pulmonary adenocarcinoma (ADC), and there is insufficient information regarding the ...clinicopathological features of CK5‐positive ADC. We aimed to explore the clinicopathological characteristics of CK5‐positive ADC using immunohistochemistry. We prepared the following two cohorts: a resected cohort containing 220 resected tumours for primarily studying the detailed morphological characteristics, and a tissue microarray (TMA) cohort containing 337 samples for investigating the associations of CK5 expression with other protein expressions, genetic and prognostic findings. CK5‐positive ADC was defined to have ≥ 10% tumour cells and presence of CK5‐positive tumour cells in the resected and TMA cohorts, respectively. CK5‐positive ADCs were identified in 91 (16.3%) patients in the combined cohort. CK5‐positive ADCs had male predominance (P = 0.012), smoking history (P = 0.001), higher stage (P < 0.001), histological high‐grade components (P < 0.001), vascular invasion (P < 0.001), mucinous differentiation (P < 0.001), spread through airspaces (P < 0.001), EGFR wild‐type (P < 0.001), KRAS mutations (P < 0.001), ALK rearrangement (P < 0.001) and ROS1 rearrangement (P = 0.002). In the resected cohort, more than half the CK5‐positive ADCs (19 cases, 65.5%) showed mucinous differentiation; the remaining cases harboured high‐grade components. In the TMA cohort, CK5‐positive ADCs correlated with TTF‐1 negativity (P = 0.002) and MUC5B, MUC5AC and HNF4alpha positivity (P < 0.001, 0.048, < 0.001). Further, CK5‐positive ADCs had significantly lower disease‐free and overall survival rates than CK5‐negative ADCs (P < 0.001 for each). Additionally, multivariate analysis revealed that CK5 expression was an independent poor prognostic factor. CK5‐positive ADCs showed aggressive clinical behaviour, with high‐grade morphology and mucinous differentiation.
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BFBNIB, DOBA, FZAB, GIS, IJS, IZUM, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
The microstructure, hardness and wear property of Mo–O–N films deposited at different oxygen gas flow rates, fO2, on SUS304 stainless steel were investigated. The hardness, H, of the film increased ...with increasing fO2 in a low fO2 region (fO2≤0.05sccm) and reached a maximum value of about 32GPa because of grain refinement. With further increasing fO2, the H started to decrease due to the formation of the amorphous phase. Similarly, the effective Young's modulus, E*, of the film increased and then decreased with increasing fO2. It was found that the H/E* of the film could be enhanced by the addition of oxygen. The Mo–O–N film deposited at fO2=0.2sccm showed lower H and E*, but much higher H/E* than Mo–N film because of its considerably lower E*, which was due to the formation of a crystalline/amorphous mixed structure. The film deposited at fO2=0.2sccm with a crystalline/amorphous mixed structure showed the lowest μ in the present study and exhibited less frequent transverse cracking introduced by wear, as compared with that deposited at fO2=0.02sccm with a fine grain crystalline microstructure. These results indicate that the formation of the crystalline/amorphous mixed structure in the Mo–O–N film is effective to enhance the elasticity of the film without the associated large loss of the H, which leads to low μ and good wear resistance on the stainless steel substrate.
•Effect of O content on hardness in reactive sputtered Mo–O–N coatings was examined.•Hardness increased with increasing oxygen gas flow rates due to grain refinement.•H/E* was enhanced by the addition of oxygen.•Amorphous phase formation caused the reduction of E*, resulting in higher H/E*.•Mo–O–N film with crystalline/amorphous mixed structure showed good wear properties.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK
Standing ride type vehicles like electric skateboards have been developed in recent years. Although these vehicles have advantages as being compact and low cost due to their simple structure, it is ...necessary to improve the riding quality. Therefore, the system aiding riders to keep their balance on a skateboard by feedback control or feedforward control has been required. To achieve it, a human balance model should be built as simple as possible. In this study, we focus on the human balance modelling during standing when the support surface moves largely. We restricted the model on frontal plane and narrow stance because the restrictions allow us to assume single-degree-of-freedom model. The balance control system is generally assumed as a delayed feedback control system. The model was identified through impulse response test and frequency response test. As a result, we found the phase between acceleration of the skateboard and posture angle become opposite phase in low frequency range.
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