Literature suggests that child maltreatment may have a negative impact on a youth's ability to engage in treatment, particularly because it might hinder their ability to form a therapeutic bond with ...the clinician. Despite the prevalence of this viewpoint, there have been few empirical studies that substantiate this negative relationship. This study uses a sample of youth in residential treatment to assess the relationship between child maltreatment, as assessed by the Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACE) Questionnaire, and engagement in treatment, including readiness to change, bond with staff and collaboration on goals and tasks. Results from a sample of 130 youth in residential treatment indicate that instead of a negative relationship between maltreatment and engagement, including its components, a positive relationship exists. Youth with higher levels of maltreatment as measured by ACEs displayed higher levels of engagement in treatment and its components. The findings suggest that more research needs to be done to better understand how maltreatment impacts engagement in treatment and its components.
•Those admitted to residential care with high ACEs had higher levels of engagement in treatment than those with low ACEs.•Youth in residential care with a history of neglect had higher levels of readiness than those with no history of neglect.•Youth with a history of household dysfunction had higher levels of readiness to change than those without that history.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZRSKP
Photographic observations of the boiling phenomena have played an important role in gaining insight into the boiling mechanism. This paper presents a brief historical review of the available ...literature on the photographic studies in pool and flow boiling. This is followed by the results of the photographic studies conducted in the authors' laboratory on liquid droplets impinging on a heated surface. Liquid–vapor interface and contact line movements are observed through a high speed camera at high resolution. The effect of surface roughness and surface temperature on dynamic advancing and receding contact angles has been studied. In addition, the effects of rapid evaporation on advancing and receding contact angles, liquid–vapor interface motion, and the dryout front propagation have been investigated.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK
An experimental investigation is performed to study the control of dissolved gases and their effect on heat transfer and pressure drop during the flow of water in a microchannel. An apparatus is ...developed to deliver water with different levels of dissolved air for use in heat transfer experiments. Six parallel microchannels, each having a hydraulic diameter of 207 μm, are fabricated in copper. During the flow boiling studies with water in these microchannels, nucleation was observed at a surface temperature of 90.5 °C for the dissolved oxygen content of 8.0 parts per million (ppm) at a pressure of 1 atm with untreated de-ionized water. For the dissolved oxygen contents of 5.4 and 1.8 ppm, nucleation is not observed until the surface temperature reached 100 °C at a pressure of 1 atm. A slight reduction in heat transfer is noted as the bubbles begin to nucleate in the 8.0 ppm case due to the formation of an insulating bubble layer on the heater surface. Previous investigators for flow boiling in large diameter channels did not observe such behavior. Further downstream, the heat transfer is observed to increase due to bubble activity. This result is in agreement with previous studies.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK
The global surface seawater dimethylsulphide (DMS) database ( http://saga.pmel.noaa.gov/dms/ ) contains >50,000 data points and is the second largest trace gas database after carbon dioxide. However, ...there has been relatively little quality control on the data that have been collated to date. Furthermore, the recent development of technologies capable of high frequency (>1 Hz) DMS measurements will have a disproportionate effect on the database in future years. At this juncture, the comparability of analytical techniques, sample handling methodologies and standards are pressing issues that the DMS community needs to address. In October 2010, during the Fifth International Symposium on Biological and Environmental Chemistry of DMS(P) and Related Compounds held in Goa, India, attendees participated in a discussion concerning the current DMS database and its future development. We develop some of the ideas from that session and combine them with available data. From the few inter-comparison exercises that have been conducted we show that variability between existing measurements within the DMS database is likely to be ≤25%. Tests comparing different DMSP·HCl standards demonstrate that a reference calibration standard would be beneficial for the DMS community. Confidence in future data collation would be substantially improved with a comprehensive inter-comparison experiment between new analytical techniques and sampling methodologies (e.g., mass spectrometers with equilibrators attached to a continuous flow of seawater) and more established methods (i.e., filtered samples analysed with purge and trap gas chromatography). We conclude with recommendations for the future expansion of the DMS database and its data quality control.
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BFBNIB, DOBA, EMUNI, FIS, FZAB, GEOZS, GIS, IJS, IMTLJ, IZUM, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NMLJ, NUK, OILJ, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, SBNM, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
27.
NAOMI – Auf der Fährte des nasalen Metabolismus Kornbausch, N.; Buettner, A.; Loos, H. M. ...
Lebensmittelchemie,
August/September 2021, 2021-08-00, 20210801, Volume:
75, Issue:
S2
Journal Article
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FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
The potential impact of seawater acidification on the concentrations of dimethylsulfide (DMS) and dimethylsulfoniopropionate (DMSP), and the activity of the enzyme DMSP-lyase was investigated during ...a pelagic ecosystem CO2 enrichment experiment (PeECE III) in spring 2005. Natural phytoplankton blooms were studied for 24 days under present, double and triple partial pressures of CO2 (pCO2; pH=8.3, 8.0, 7.8) in triplicate 25 m3 enclosures. The results indicate similar DMSP concentrations and DMSP-lyase activity (DLA) patterns for all treatments. Hence, DMSP and DLA do not seem to have been affected by the CO2 treatment. In contrast, DMS concentrations showed small but statistically significant differences in the temporal development of the low versus the high CO2 treatments. The low pCO2 enclosures had higher DMS concentrations during the first 10 days, after which the levels decreased earlier and more rapidly than in the other treatments. Integrated over the whole study period, DMS concentrations were not significantly different from those of the double and triple pCO2 treatments. Pigment and flow-cytometric data indicate that phytoplanktonic populations were generally similar between the treatments, suggesting a certain resilience of the marine ecosystem under study to the induced pH changes, which is reflected in DMSP and DLA. However, there were significant differences in bacterial community structure and the abundance of one group of viruses infecting nanoeukaryotic algae. The amount of DMS accumulated per total DMSP or chlorophyll-a differed significantly between the present and future scenarios, suggesting that the pathways for DMS production or bacterial DMS consumption were affected by seawater pH. A comparison with previous work (PeECE II) suggests that DMS concentrations do not respond consistently to pelagic ecosystem CO2 enrichment experiments.
Several observations and model calculations suggest that chemically mediated interactions can structure planktonic food webs. However, only recently have improvements in chemical methods, coupled ...with ecological assays, led to the characterization of chemical cues that affect the behaviour and/or physiology of planktonic organisms. We are currently beginning to elucidate if or how chemical signals can directly affect the interactions between species and even shape complex community structures in aquatic systems. Here, we highlight recent research on the nature and action of chemical signals in the pelagic marine and freshwater environments, with an emphasis on kairomones and defence metabolites.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK
Biomedicine represents a new scientific field at the interface of human, molecular and cell biology and medicine. Comprising the diverse disciplines of stem cell research, tissue engineering and ...material sciences, biomedicine gives rise to new approaches in research and therapy for - to date - unmet medical issues. Biomedical research is currently conducted in many medical, especially surgical subspecialties, and a number of successful developments have already been brought to clinical application. Concerning thoracic surgery, biomedical approaches are pursued primarily for tissue and organ replacement of the upper airways, lung and thoracic wall. In spite of a comparatively small research foundation, five different concepts have been clinically implemented worldwide, due to a lack of established treatment options in the case of extensive disease of the greater airways. In this review, the clinical background and the tissue-specific basics of tracheobronchial biomedicine are presented.
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