Neuroinflammation contributes to neuronal degeneration in Parkinson's disease (PD). However, how brain inflammatory factors mediate the progression of neurodegeneration is still poorly understood. ...Experimental models of PD have shed light on the understanding of this phenomenon, but the exploration of inflammation-driven models is necessary to better characterize this aspect of the disorder. The use of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to induce a neuroinflammation-mediated neuronal loss is useful to induce reliable elimination of dopaminergic neurons. Nevertheless, how this model parallels the PD-like neuroinflammation is uncertain. In the present work, we used the direct LPS injection as a model inductor to eliminate dopaminergic neurons of the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc) in rats and reevaluated the inflammatory reaction. High-resolution 3D histological examination revealed that, although LPS induced a reliable elimination of SNpc dopaminergic neurons, it also generated a massive inflammatory response. This inflammation-mediated injury was characterized by corralling, a damaged parenchyma occupied by a vast population of lesion-associated microglia and macrophages (LAMMs) undertaking wound compaction and scar formation, surrounded by highly reactive astrocytes. LAMMs tiled the entire lesion and engaged in long-standing phagocytic activity to resolve the injury. Additionally, modeling LPS inflammation in a cell culture system helped to understand the role of phagocytosis and cytotoxicity in the initial phases of dopaminergic degeneration and indicated that LAMM-mediated toxicity and phagocytosis coexist during LPS-mediated dopaminergic elimination. However, this type of severe inflammatory-mediated injury, and subsequent resolution appear to be different from the ageing-related PD scenario where the architectural structure of the parenchyma is mostly preserved. Thus, the necessity to explore new experimental models to properly mimic the inflammatory compound observed in PD degeneration.
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•LPS-induced mesencephalic injury causes corralling of microglia/macrophages•LPS-mediated lesion in SNpc triggers microglia/macrophages tiling and honeycomb structures•Microglia/macrophages tiling contributes to promote interactions with remnant dopaminergic neurons and debris•Corralled lesion shows high phagocytic capacity of dopaminergic remains
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
SETTING: Mozambique, one of the world's high tuberculosis (TB) burden countries, has conducted only one national-level drug resistance survey, in 2007-2008.OBJECTIVE: To determine the drug resistance ...patterns of laboratory-confirmed TB cases.DESIGN: This was a population-level
survey conducted over a 1-year period in the district of Manhiça. All laboratory-confirmed cases were evaluated for first-line anti-tuberculosis drug susceptibility testing using liquid culture.RESULTS: Resistance to at least one first-line drug was observed in 44 of 276 isolates
(15.9%). Prevalence of drug resistance to each of the five anti-tuberculosis drugs tested was 4.0% for streptomycin, 10.1% for isoniazid (INH), 6.2% for rifampicin, 3.6% for ethambutol and 1.1% for pyrazinamide. The overall prevalence of multidrug-resistant TB (MDR-TB) was 5.1%: 3.8% (95%CI
2.0-7.0) in new and 13.2% (95%CI 5.8-27.3) in retreatment cases. Respectively 4.6% and 2.6% of new and retreatment cases were INH-monoresistant. Previous history of anti-tuberculosis treatment was associated with having MDR-TB (OR 4.3, 95%CI 1.3-14.1).CONCLUSION: The
prevalence of drug resistance in the district of Manhiça is slightly higher than, but still compatible with, previous national estimates. INH monoresistance was high, posing the risk of hidden monotherapy in the continuation phase.
Dental development defects (DDDs) are quantitative and/or qualitative alterations produced during odontogenesis that affect both primary and permanent dentition. The etiology remains unknown, being ...associated with prenatal, perinatal, and postnatal factors. The aims were to identify the possible etiological factors, as well as the prevalence of DDDs in the primary and permanent dentition in a pediatric population. Two hundred twenty-one children between 2 and 15 years of age, patients of the master's degree in Pediatric Dentistry of the Complutense University of Madrid, were reviewed. DDDs were observed in 60 children. Next, a cross-sectional, case-control study was carried out (60 children in the control group and 60 children in the case group). The parents or guardians completed a questionnaire aimed at identifying associated etiological factors. The prevalence of DDDs in patients attending our master's program in both dentitions was 27.15%. Otitis, tonsillitis, high fevers, and medication intake stood out as the most relevant postnatal factors among cases and controls. The permanent maxillary right permanent central incisor and the primary mandibular right second molar were the most affected; there were no differences in relation to gender. One out of three children who presented DDDs in the primary dentition also presented DDDs in the permanent dentition. Prenatal and postnatal etiological factors showed a significant relationship with DDD alterations, considered risk factors for DDDs in both dentitions.
Production of 165Er with deuterons at IFMIF-DONES López-Melero, E.; de Saavedra, F. Arias; Da Silva, I. ...
Nuclear materials and energy,
June 2024, 2024-06-00, 2024-06-01, Volume:
39
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
Open access
The production of radioisotopes for nuclear medicine is boosted by different international agencies. IFMIF-DONES will be an infrastructure where neutrons will be generated by the impact of a ...high-power deuteron beam onto a lithium jet target. At present, IFMIF-DONES studies the possibility of deflecting 0.1% of its standard 125 mA current of 40 MeV deuteron beam for the complementary applications to be conducted inside a new experimental hall. Such deuteron beam is being considered to be used for radioisotope production for nuclear medicine. Here, we discuss the production of a potential Auger-electron emitter radioisotope for therapy 165Er with 125 μA deuterons on natHo. Due to the high-power delivered onto the sample, we study by means of SolidWorks simulations a realistic device as cooling system for the holmium sample. Our results show a significant 165Er production in comparison with other experimental routes available in the literature.
•IFMIF-DONES facility.•Deuteron beam.•Production of 165Er Auger-electron emitter.•Backing and cooling system.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
Background. Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) constitute one of the main public health problems and represent a greater risk of mortality and morbidity for the world population. The objective of the ...study was to determine food addiction, saturated fat intake, and body mass index (BMI) in Peruvian adults. Materials and Methods. A cross-sectional online survey was applied to 394 Peruvian adults over 18 years old residing in the three regions of the country. Participant data was collected through a prestructured online electronic survey. Food addiction was assessed using the Yale Food Addiction Scale self-administered questionnaire. A validated food frequency questionnaire was used to measure saturated fat intake. Finally, the sociodemographic and anthropometric variables were collected through a registration form. Results. There were no significant differences in food addiction between men and women (p<0.05). More than half of the participants who presented food addiction are overweight (54.1%, p<0.001). The highest proportion of those who had a high intake of saturated fat had a food addiction (62.6%, p<0.001). The highest percentage of men who were overweight was higher compared to women (49.7% vs. 38.4%, p<0.05). Conclusion. The findings of this study suggest that addictive eating behaviors and high saturated fat intake should be considered as part of efforts to prevent problems related to eating, obesity, and CVD.
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FZAB, GIS, IJS, IZUM, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
The accelerator-based neutron facility IFMIF-DONES is in the final design phase. At present, there is an important effort to optimize other secondary uses compatible with the main goal which is the ...validation of materials to be used in fusion reactors. One is the production of radioisotopes for nuclear medicine, in particular, Molybdenum-99. The decay of 99Mo produces Technetium-99 metastable. 99mTc is the most used radiopharmaceutical in nuclear medicine, in particular, it is used for SPECT imaging diagnostic. Currently, its production is compromised by the possible closure of some of the few nuclear reactors which produces it, and the search for new alternative ways to obtain it is urgent. This study has been carried out considering three types of molybdenum samples (natural and 95% enriched in 98Mo and 100Mo) and two different positions close to the neutron target. The results of the simulated production are promising and push further studies.
•New accelerator-based neutron source under design.•High neutron flux at MeV range.•Simulated production of 99Mo by fast neutrons using (n,2n) reaction.•One conventional enriched sample can sustain the needs of a conventional hospital.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
8.
Novel signatures for vector-like quarks Aguilar-Saavedra, J.A.; López-Fogliani, D.E.; Muñoz, C.
The journal of high energy physics,
06/2017, Volume:
2017, Issue:
6
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
Open access
A
bstract
We consider supersymmetric extensions of the standard model with a vector-like doublet (
T B
) of quarks with charge 2
/
3 and −1
/
3, respectively. Compared to non-supersymmetric models, ...there is a variety of new decay modes for the vector-like quarks, involving the extra scalars present in supersymmetry. The importance of these new modes, yielding multi-top, multi-bottom and also multi-Higgs signals, is highlighted by the analysis of several benchmark scenarios. We show how the triangles commonly used to represent the branching ratios of the ‘standard’ decay modes of the vector-like quarks involving
W
,
Z
or Higgs bosons can be generalised to include additional channels. We give an example by recasting the limits of a recent heavy quark search for this more general case.
WIMP dark matter in the UμνSSM Aguilar-Saavedra, J.A.; López-Fogliani, D.E.; Muñoz, C. ...
Journal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics,
05/2022, Volume:
2022, Issue:
5
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
Open access
Abstract
The U
μν
SSM is a U(1)' extension of the
μν
SSM supersymmetric model,
where baryon-number-violating operators as well as explicit mass terms are forbidden, and the potential domain wall ...problem is avoided.
The gauge anomaly-cancellation conditions impose the presence of exotic quark superfields in the spectrum of U
μν
SSM models, and allow the presence of several singlet superfields under the standard model gauge group, in addition to the right-handed neutrino superfields.
The gauge structure implies an additional discrete
Z
2
symmetry in the superpotential, ensuring the stability of a singlet which behaves as WIMP dark matter without invoking
R
-parity.
We analyze this novel possibility in detail, using the fermionic component of the singlet as the dark matter candidate. In particular, we compute its amount of relic density via
Z
', Higgs-right sneutrino and dark matter mediated annihilations, and its potential signals in dark matter direct detection experiments. The constraints on the parameter space due to
Z
'; direct searches at the LHC are imposed in the analysis, as well as those from the hadronization inside the detector of the exotic quarks.
Large regions of the parameter space turn out to be in the reach of the upcoming Darwin experiment.
SETTING: Antenatal care (ANC) and postpartum care (PPC) clinic in Manhiça District, Mozambique.OBJECTIVE: To estimate the prevalence of TB among pregnant and post-partum women and describe the ...clinical characteristics of the disease in a rural area of Southern
Mozambique.METHODS: We conducted a cross-sectional TB prevalence study among pregnant and post-partum women recruited from September 2016 to March 2018 at the Manhiça Health Care Center (MHC). We recruited two independent cohorts of women consecutively presenting for routine
pregnancy or post-partum follow-up visits.RESULTS: A total of 1,980 women from the ANC clinic and 1,010 from the PPC clinic were enrolled. We found a TB prevalence of 505/100,000 (95% CI: 242-926) among pregnant women and 297/100,000 (95% CI: 61-865) among post-partum
women. Among HIV-positive pregnant women, TB prevalence was 1,626/100,000 (95% CI: 782-2,970) and among postpartum HIV-positive women, TB prevalence was 984/100,000 (95% CI: 203-2,848).CONCLUSIONS: The burden of TB was not higher in postpartum women than in pregnant
women. Most TB cases were detected in HIV-positive women. TB screening and diagnostic testing among pregnant and postpartum women attending ANC and PPC clinics in Manhiça District is acceptable and feasible.
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