We propose graph-theoretical analysis for extracting inherent information from complex plasma chemistry and devise a systematic way to rescale the network under the following key criteria: (1) ...maintain the scale-freeness and self-similarity in the network topology and (2) select the primary species considering its topological centrality. Network analysis of reaction sets clarifies that the scale-freeness emerging from a weak preferential mechanism reflects the uniqueness of plasma-induced chemistry. The effect of chemistry rescaling on the dynamics and chemistry of the He + O2 plasma is quantified through numerical simulations. The present chemical compression dramatically reduces the computational load, whereas the concentration profiles of reactive oxygen species (ROS) remain largely unchanged across a broad range of time, space and oxygen admixture fraction. The proposed analytical approach enables us to exploit the full potential of expansive chemical reaction data and would serve as a guideline for creating chemical reaction models.
Abstract
A metal plate array (MPA) which is a structure complimentary to a metal hole array (MHA), supports spoof surface plasmon polaritons (SSPP) as well as an MHA does. Babinet’s principle ...attributes the phenomenon of duality to transmission characteristics of the complimentary impedance surfaces because of the symmetry of the behaviors of electric and magnetic fields. However, it is also a fact that the complimentary structures do not follow this principle if they have wavelength-size thickness, because electromagnetic waves do not treat such thick structures as a boundary surface but as propagation spaces with the specific boundaries such as a waveguide which shows SSPP modes. If the thickness is so small that it is negligible, Babinet’s principle is still valid, while it has been uncertain how the layer thickness works to break the principle as it is increased. The unconfirmed transformation is revealed analytically and experimentally with the use of MPAs and MHAs of varying thicknesses.
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IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
Lymphoma is the most common hematological cancer in dogs. Canine diffuse large B cell lymphoma shows a relatively good response to treatment with multi-agent cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, ...vincristine, and prednisone (CHOP) chemotherapy; however, the 2-year survival rate is as low as 20%. For human B cell type lymphoma, the anti-CD20 chimeric antibody, rituximab, was developed two decades ago. The combination of rituximab and CHOP chemotherapy was highly successful in improving patient prognosis. However, no anti-canine CD20 antibody is available for the treatment of canine lymphoma. During this study, a rat anti-canine CD20 monoclonal antibody was established. We also generated a rat-canine chimeric antibody against canine CD20 designed for clinical application. This chimeric antibody (4E1-7-B) showed in vitro antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) and complement-dependent cytotoxicity (CDC) against the canine B cell lymphoma cell line CLBL-1. Moreover, to obtain stronger ADCC activity, a defucosylated 4E1-7-B antibody (4E1-7-B_f) was also generated, and it showed tenfold stronger ADCC activity compared with 4E1-7-B. 4E1-7-B_f as well as 4E1-7-B suppressed the growth of CLBL-1 tumors in an immunodeficient xenotransplant mouse model. Finally, a single administration of 4E1-7-B_f induced considerable peripheral B cell depletion in healthy beagles. Thus, 4E1-7-B_f is a good antibody drug candidate for canine B cell type lymphoma.
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IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
Objective
Diagnosis of otosclerosis on temporal bone CT images is often difficult because the imaging findings are frequently subtle. Our aim was to assess the utility of deep learning analysis in ...diagnosing otosclerosis on temporal bone CT images.
Methods
A total of 198 temporal bone CT images were divided into the training set (
n
= 140) and the test set (
n
= 58). The final diagnosis (otosclerosis-positive or otosclerosis-negative) was determined by an experienced senior radiologist who carefully reviewed all 198 temporal bone CT images while correlating with clinical and intraoperative findings. In deep learning analysis, a rectangular target region that includes the area of the fissula ante fenestram was extracted and fed into the deep learning training sessions to create a diagnostic model. Transfer learning was used with the deep learning model architectures of AlexNet, VGGNet, GoogLeNet, and ResNet. The test data set was subsequently analyzed using these models and by another radiologist with 3 years of experience in neuroradiology following completion of a neuroradiology fellowship. The performance of the radiologist and the deep learning models was determined using the senior radiologist’s diagnosis as the gold standard.
Results
The diagnostic accuracies were 0.89, 0.72, 0.81, 0.86, and 0.86 for the subspecialty trained radiologist, AlexNet, VGGNet, GoogLeNet, and ResNet, respectively. The performances of VGGNet, GoogLeNet, and ResNet were not significantly different compared to the radiologist. In addition, GoogLeNet and ResNet demonstrated non-inferiority compared to the radiologist.
Conclusions
Deep learning technique may be a useful supportive tool in diagnosing otosclerosis on temporal bone CT.
Key Points
• Deep learning can be a helpful tool for the diagnosis of otosclerosis on temporal bone CT.
• Deep learning analyses with GoogLeNet and ResNet demonstrate non-inferiority when compared to the subspecialty trained radiologist.
• Deep learning may be particularly useful in medical institutions without experienced radiologists.
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EMUNI, FIS, FZAB, GEOZS, GIS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, SBNM, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, VSZLJ, ZAGLJ
Many species of organisms are known to have expanded their distributional ranges and established highly dense populations in their nonnative areas due to human activities. Several gecko species have ...been introduced from tropics to seasonal subtropics with the aid of artificial transportations. However, it has not yet been well-documented as to whether invasive tropical geckos flourish in extra-tropical cooler areas outside their native range. Here, I report demographic information of the mourning gecko, Lepidodactylus lugubris , in its northernmost distribution, the Ryukyu Archipelago in Japan. I conducted a mark-recapture survey of mourning geckos inhabiting a coastal vegetation habitat and estimated their population size using the Jolly-Seber open population model. An estimated 94–284 individuals lived in a small beachfront forest. The population showed a high density (880–2,656 geckos/ha), which is comparable to that of other invasive gecko populations in tropical areas. The results imply a successful colonization of clonal geckos at their northernmost invasion front.
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FFLJ, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, ODKLJ, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
Objective
Acute traumatic injuries to the larynx, including fractures of the hyoid bone, cricoid, and thyroid cartilage, are uncommon injuries. The purpose of this study was to assess fracture and ...soft tissue patterns associated with laryngeal trauma.
Methods
This was a retrospective review of patients with laryngeal fractures who presented to two level I trauma centers and underwent CT imaging. Imaging findings, including fractures of the cartilaginous structures of the larynx and hyoid bone, and soft tissue abnormalities including focal hematoma, edema with non-focal hemorrhage, and additional penetrating injuries were recorded. Frequencies of fracture patterns were recorded.
Results
Thyroid cartilage fractures were most frequently observed occurring in 45/55 patients, followed by cricoid fractures in 13/55 patients. Hyoid fractures were encountered in 8/55 patients. Multi-site fractures were observed in 12/55 patients with thyroid-cricoid fractures occurring in 8/12 patients, followed by thyroid-hyoid fractures in 2/12 patients. Most multi-site fractures occurred in association with focal supraglottic hematomas (10/12), supraglottic edema and non-focal hemorrhage (11/12), and focal subglottic hematoma (5/12). All 13 cricoid fractures occurred with either focal supraglottic hematoma (7), focal subglottic hematoma (4), or edema with non-focal hemorrhage (13).
Conclusions
Thyroid cartilage fractures were the most frequently encountered fracture, followed by cricoid cartilage fractures. Cricoid fractures always occurred with soft tissue abnormalities. Recognition of fracture patterns in the setting of laryngeal trauma and associated patterns of soft tissue injury is important for practicing radiologists for early diagnosis of these conditions and reduction of associated morbidity.
Key Points
• Acute fractures to the larynx may be isolated fractures or occur as multi-focal fractures.
• Thyroid cartilage fractures are the most frequent fractures followed by cricoid cartilage fractures.
• Cricoid cartilage fractures always occurred in association with soft tissue abnormalities.
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EMUNI, FIS, FZAB, GEOZS, GIS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, SBNM, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, VSZLJ, ZAGLJ
Maze-solving is a classical mathematical task, and is recently analogously achieved using various eccentric media and devices, such as living tissues, chemotaxis, and memristors. Plasma generated in ...a labyrinth of narrow channels can also play a role as a route finder to the exit. In this study, we experimentally observe the function of maze-route findings in a plasma system based on a mixed discharge scheme of direct-current (DC) volume mode and alternative-current (AC) surface dielectric-barrier discharge, and computationally generalize this function in a reinforcement-learning model. In our plasma system, we install two electrodes at the entry and the exit in a square lattice configuration of narrow channels whose cross section is 1×1 mm2 with the total length around ten centimeters. Visible emissions in low-pressure Ar gas are observed after plasma ignition, and the plasma starting from a given entry location reaches the exit as the discharge voltage increases, whose route converging level is quantified by Shannon entropy. A similar short-path route is reproduced in a reinforcement-learning model in which electric potentials through the discharge voltage is replaced by rewards with positive and negative sign or polarity. The model is not rigorous numerical representation of plasma simulation, but it shares common points with the experiments along with a rough sketch of underlying processes (charges in experiments and rewards in modelling). This finding indicates that a plasma-channel network works in an analog computing function similar to a reinforcement-learning algorithm slightly modified in this study.
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DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Immunoglobulin G4 (IgG4)-related disease is a recently established systemic disease that commonly involves the head and neck, including the salivary glands, lacrimal glands, orbits, thyroid gland, ...lymph nodes, sinonasal cavities, pituitary gland, and larynx. Although the definitive diagnosis of IgG4-related disease requires histopathologic analysis, elevated serum IgG4 levels are helpful in making the diagnosis. Because of the proposed clinical diagnostic criteria for this disease, cross-sectional imaging modalities such as computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance (MR) imaging play an important diagnostic role. CT and MR imaging findings of IgG4-related disease are usually nonspecific. At CT, involved organs may demonstrate enlargement or decreased attenuation; at T2-weighted MR imaging, they may have relatively low signal intensity owing to their increased cellularity and amount of fibrosis. Some pathologic entities involving the head and neck are now considered to be part of the IgG4-related disease spectrum, including idiopathic orbital inflammatory syndrome (inflammatory pseudotumor), orbital lymphoid hyperplasia, Mikulicz disease, Küttner tumor, Hashimoto thyroiditis, Riedel thyroiditis, and pituitary hypophysitis. Because involvement of multiple sites is common in IgG4-related disease, radiologists should be familiar with manifestations of this systemic process outside the head and neck, in organs such as the pancreas, bile ducts, gallbladder, kidneys, retroperitoneum, mesentery, lungs, gastrointestinal tract, and blood vessels. Moreover, IgG4-related disease usually demonstrates a dramatic response to corticosteroid therapy, and radiologists should be familiar with its clinical and imaging manifestations to avoid a delay in diagnosis or unnecessary invasive interventions.
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