The increasing integration of renewable energy sources (RESs) and the growing demand for sustainable power solutions have necessitated the widespread deployment of energy storage systems. Among these ...systems, battery energy storage systems (BESSs) have emerged as a promising technology due to their flexibility, scalability, and cost-effectiveness. This paper aims to provide a comprehensive review of the diffusion and deployment of BESSs across various applications, analyzing their impact on grid stability, renewable energy integration, and the overall energy transition. The paper examines the key drivers and challenges associated with BESS adoption, as well as market trends influencing their proliferation. Through an analysis of empirical data, this study aims to shed light on the current state of BESS diffusion. Finally, this research contributes to the knowledge base surrounding battery storage technology and provides insights into its role in achieving a sustainable and reliable energy future.
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IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
The Electric Vehicle (EV) market has been growing exponentially in recent years, which is why the distribution network of public charging stations will be subject to expansion and upgrading. In order ...to improve the public charging infrastructure, this paper aims to develop a model capable of analyzing the current situation of a stretch of highway, identifying the congestion points, created by the formation of queues at the charging points. A specific section of a highway in Spain was selected as a case study to evaluate the performance of the model, allowing for rigorous testing and thorough analysis of its performance in a real-world scenario. The first step is to define and evaluate the effects of factors affecting EV consumption, such as the slope of the road, weather conditions, and driving style. Subsequently, a simulation model is developed using the agent-based simulation software AnyLogic, which simulates the journey of a fleet of electric vehicles, taking into account the battery charging and discharging process. Based on the obtained results, the charging infrastructure is improved to minimize the total travel time of an electric vehicle on a long-distance trip.
Climate disruptions have prompted institutions to invest in zero-emissions technologies, in recent years. As a result, the transportation sector has witnessed a shift from internal combustion engines ...to electric. Several public transport companies have initiated the “Zero-emissions” project to introduce alternatives to diesel in their bus service. This paper delves into the impacts of transitioning from diesel-powered to electric buses. It starts by estimating emissions produced by buses and comparing them. Subsequently, the analysis evaluates the implications of renewing the fleet on the service, considering the change in bus capacity. Additionally, a profitability analysis assesses the Total Cost of Ownership, factoring in helpful life and average distance (kilometres) driven annually. Overall, the findings indicate that switching to electric buses is a promising approach towards achieving environmental objectives. The study shows that investing in electric buses, particularly those measuring 9-m, offers significant economic benefits while aligning with sustainability goals. The research demonstrates that electric buses yield a substantial reduction in global and local emissions when compared to their diesel counterparts. Adopting a comprehensive “well-to-wheel” perspective, electric buses achieve an impressive 68 % reduction in emissions. However, concerning local emissions, certain specific lines recorded values exceeded legal limits. While the initial investment costs for electric buses may surpass diesel buses, the total cost of ownership analysis conducted over 15 years indicates that electric buses can become more cost-effective over time. This cost-effectiveness and their environmental advantages strengthen the case for adopting electric buses to pursue sustainable transportation systems.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
Considering the proposed strict new constraints of public authorities, decarbonization has become a key trend in recent years. Although several countries have started the process of decarbonization ...through the introduction of electric vehicles in their public services, for many countries, especially developing countries, transportation is still a hard sector to decarbonize. The presence of obsolete and polluting vehicles discourages citizens from using public transport and thus incentivizes the use of private vehicles, which create traffic congestion and increase emissions. Based on these considerations, this paper aimed to implement a simulation for a public service in Eritrea, evaluating whether it is possible to take a long trip using an electric minibus. A case study is implemented highlighting the barriers of electrifying transportation in this area, producing results on fuel consumption and service reliability. In the case study, four scenarios are presented to estimate the service. The scenarios evaluate the possibility to perform from three to five recharges. Fewer charges mean longer charging time, leading to a 2 h charging phase in Scenario 1, while recharging more than twice along the route will lead to shorter 30 min charges, as in Scenario 3. The case study also highlights the relevance of the slope in electric vehicle performance, as reported for the case of Asmara–Massawa travel (Econs= 6.688 kWh). Finally, an environmentally sustainable solution, such as a 92 kWh/day photovoltaic plant, is proposed to power the service.
Abstract
This paper studies and analyzes the energy transition of ferry boats used in Venice as a means of public transportation. Thus, the goal is to reduce their environmental impact by replacing ...the current installed thermal propulsion with an equivalent low-emission electric type. A study was conducted aimed at sizing the most suitable electric motor and battery pack to be installed, as well as the most suitable charging system for the vehicle and the area involved in this case study. The shift to electric traction will bring new challenges for the service, but also the possibility to decarbonize the water transport in Venice, preserving air quality and the monuments of the UNESCO site. Therefore, it is noted how these changes may impact service delivery.
The integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in Energy Storage Systems (ESS) for Electric Vehicles (EVs) has emerged as a pivotal solution to address the challenges of energy efficiency, battery ...degradation, and optimal power management. The capability of such systems to differ from theoretical modeling enhances their applicability across various domains. The vast amount of data available today has enabled AI to be trained and to predict the behavior of complex systems with a high degree of accuracy. As we move towards a more sustainable future, the electrification of vehicles and integrating electric systems for energy storage are becoming increasingly important and need to be addressed. The synergy of AI and ESS enhances the overall efficiency of electric vehicles and plays a crucial role in shaping a sustainable and intelligent energy ecosystem. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, AI applications in energy storage systems for the integration of electric vehicles have not been explicitly reviewed. The research investigates the importance of AI advancements in energy storage systems for electric vehicles, specifically focusing on Battery Management Systems (BMS), Power Quality (PQ) issues, predicting battery State-of-Charge (SOC) and State-of-Health (SOH), and exploring the potential for integrating Renewable Energy Sources with EV charging needs and optimizing charging cycles. This study examined all topics to identify the most commonly used methods, which were analyzed based on their characteristics and potential. Future trends were identified by exploring emerging techniques introduced in recent literature contributions published since 2017.
To make Europe "climate neutral" by 2050, global greenhouse gas emissions must be reduced by 55 percent as early as 2030, beginning the squeeze in just four years. In the transition phase, there are ...also incentives for automakers who will include environmentally friendly vehicles in their ranges and sell them. To be ready, it is important to assess the current situation of the charging infrastructure. The purpose of this paper is to study the use of Charging Stations (CSs) considering the city with a greater presence of both charging infrastructure and Electric Vehicles (EVs) in Italy. By analyzing the use during the day of CSs, it is possible to make specific analyses useful for large-scale deployment, making the system more widespread and efficient.
Nowadays, renewable energy is a fundamental technology for the reduction of global carbon emissions. Due to the low penetration of intermittent renewable sources, most grids today are flexible and ...fragile. Utility-scale energy storage systems can improve grid stability and solve problems of intermittence by connecting more renewable energy sources to the energy market. This paper will present a literature review of battery systems, specifically mobile, dubbed Mobile Electric Storage System (MESS). Various services in distribution systems can be provided with MESS, they can not only shift power from renewables to peak load times, but also provide reactive power support, control grid voltage and frequency stability in smart grids. Finally, it presents a comparison between electric storage systems stationary and mobile, demonstrating how their mobility offers operational flexibility to support geographically dispersed loads in outage areas.
Nowadays the transport electrification represents one of the fundamental aspects for reducing pollution. The shift to Electric Vehicles (EVs) is proceeding moderately in Europe. The main reasons that ...delay the electrification of transport are related with long charging times and the reduced range of EVs. For these reasons calculating energy consumption plays a key role in reducing range anxiety by providing the driver with an accurate estimate of remaining range. This paper presents a model for calculating the energy consumption of EVs on a predefined route. The developed model is a physical model based on EV dynamics and modeling that also takes into account the influence of road slope. The developed model was tested on the five most popular models in Italy.
Electric Vehicles (EVs) play an important role to reach the global ambitious climate and air quality goals. The timely implementation of adequate EV charging infrastructure is critical to the success ...of the ecological revolution. However, at the same time, EV adoption is the main driver for the business case of EV charging infrastructure. In order to implement an optimal charging infrastructure, it is important to consider all the relevant factors which influence the charging demand of EVs. This paper aims to evaluate the charging infrastructure on highways by considering several factors that impact electric vehicle deployment. To do this, a simulation model is developed. An agent-based approach, according the AnyLogic software tool, is used to emulate the human behavior and its impact on load demand due to EV charging. Furthermore, a discrete event method is applied for simulating the queue in the charging stations. Therefore, an electric vehicle routing algorithm is developed, which analyses the current status of the charging infrastructure along the highway considering an EV traffic flow travels in the highway in one day.
