Ecology Letters (2011)
Transgenerational plasticity (TGP), a generalisation of more widely studied maternal effects, occurs whenever environmental cues experienced by either parent prior to ...fertilisation results in a modification of offspring reaction norms. Such effects have been observed in many traits across many species. Despite enormous potential importance—particularly in an era of rapid climate change—TGP in thermal growth physiology has never been demonstrated for vertebrates. We provide the first evidence for thermal TGP in a vertebrate: given sufficient time, sheepshead minnows adaptively program their offspring for maximal growth at the present temperature. The change in growth over a single generation (c. 30%) exceeds the single‐generation rate of adaptive evolution by an order of magnitude. If widespread, transgenerational effects on thermal performance may have important implications on physiology, ecology and contemporary evolution, and may significantly alter the extinction risk posed by changing climate.
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BFBNIB, FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
Phenotypic plasticity, both within and across generations, is an important mechanism that organisms use to cope with rapid climate change. While an increasing number of studies show that plasticity ...across generations (transgenerational plasticity or TGP) may occur, we have limited understanding of key aspects of TGP, such as the environmental conditions that may promote it, its relationship to within‐generation plasticity (WGP) and its role in evolutionary potential. In this review, we consider how the detection of TGP in climate change experiments is affected by the predictability of environmental variation, as well as the timing and magnitude of environmental change cues applied. We also discuss the need to design experiments that are able to distinguish TGP from selection and TGP from WGP in multigenerational experiments. We conclude by suggesting future research directions that build on the knowledge to date and admit the limitations that exist, which will depend on the way environmental change is simulated and the type of experimental design used. Such an approach will open up this burgeoning area of research to a wider variety of organisms and allow better predictive capacity of the role of TGP in the response of organisms to future climate change.
While an increasing number of studies show that transgenerational plasticity (TGP) may occur, we have limited understanding of key aspects of TGP, such as the environmental conditions that promote it, its relationship to within‐generation plasticity (WGP), and its role in evolutionary potential. In this review, we consider how the detection of TGP is affected by the environmental cues applied in climate change experiments, and discuss experimental designs that allow for improved distinction between TGP, WGP and genotypic selection. We conclude by suggesting future research directions that build on the knowledge to date.
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BFBNIB, FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
Species distribution models predict a poleward migration for marine ectotherms with ocean warming. However, a key limitation in current species distribution models (SDM) is that they do not account ...for population-specific heterogeneity in physiological responses to temperature change resulting from local adaptations and acclimatization. To address this gap, we developed a novel, Physiology Integrated BioClimate Model (PIBCM) that combines habitat-specific metabolic thermal physiological tolerance of a species into a bioclimate envelope model. Using a downscaling approach, we also established a fine-resolution coastal sea-surface temperature data set for 2050-2080, that showed a high degree of location-specific variability in future thermal regimes. Combining predicted temperature data with the PIBCM model, we estimated habitat distribution for a highly eurythermal intertidal minnow, the Atlantic killifish (Fundulus heteroclitus), a species that likely presents a best-case-scenario for coastal vertebrates. We show that the killifish northern boundary shifts southwards, while distinct habitat fragmentation occurs in the southern sub-population (due to migration of adjacent fish populations to the nearest metabolically optimal thermal habitat). When compared to current SDMs (e.g., AquaMaps), our results emphasize the need for thermal physiology integrated range shift models and indicate that habitat fragmentation for coastal fishes may reshape nursery habitats for many commercially and ecologically important species.
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IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
Many ectotherms exhibit striking latitudinal gradients in lifespan. However, it is unclear whether lifespan gradients in distantly related taxa share a common mechanistic explanation. We compiled ...data on geographic variation in lifespan in ectotherms from around the globe to determine how much of this intraspecific variation in lifespan may be explained by temperature using the simple predictions of the metabolic theory of ecology. We found that the metabolic theory accurately predicts how lifespan varies with temperature within species in a wide range of ectotherms in both controlled laboratory experiments and free-living populations. After removing the effect of temperature, only a small fraction of species showed significant trends with latitude. There was, however, considerable residual intraspecific variation indicating that other, more local factors are likely to be important in determining lifespan within species. These findings suggest that, given predicted increases in global temperature, lifespan of ectotherms may be substantially shortened in the future.
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BFBNIB, NMLJ, NUK, PNG, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
How do scientists decide where to submit manuscripts? Many factors influence this decision, including prestige, acceptance probability, turnaround time, target audience, fit, and impact factor. Here, ...we present a framework for evaluating where to submit a manuscript based on the theory of Markov decision processes. We derive two models, one in which an author is trying to optimally maximize citations and another in which that goal is balanced by either minimizing the number of resubmissions or the total time in review. We parameterize the models with data on acceptance probability, submission-to-decision times, and impact factors for 61 ecology journals. We find that submission sequences beginning with Ecology Letters, Ecological Monographs, or PLOS ONE could be optimal depending on the importance given to time to acceptance or number of resubmissions. This analysis provides some guidance on where to submit a manuscript given the individual-specific values assigned to these disparate objectives.
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DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Fenomenología del Sacramento Salinas, Guillermo Santiago
Dios y el Hombre,
07/2021, Volume:
5, Issue:
1
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
Open access
La categoría fenomenológica de donación, en el desarrollo realizado por el fenomenólogo francés Jean-Luc Marion, se presenta como un posible elemento clave para el pensamiento teológico ...contemporáneo. El fenómeno del Sacramento, analizado en criterios de donación, implica una profunda riqueza para la experiencia vital de Dios y su donación gratuita a la persona humana. Su investigación nos presenta novedades entorno a la visión de la sacramentalidad, al modo propio de recibir la donación divina y a las modificaciones que esta implica en la totalidad de la vida humana.
Según la perspectiva psicológico-fenomenológica de la filósofa del siglo XX, Edith Stein, sólo puede lograrse un verdadero conocimiento de la feminidad en una descripción de referencia recíproca ...entre la especificidad femenina y la masculina. En este artículo intentaremos brindar una complementación al artículo La belleza de la feminidad en Edith Stein (Dios y el Hombre, 2019), iluminando, con las investigaciones previas de la autora, la cuestión de la masculinidad, para dar una nueva respuesta a la pregunta por su esencia.
En sus ensayos y conferencias sobre la mujer, Edith Stein ofrece una verdadera descripción de la especificidad femenina. En este artículo realizamos un breve análisis de sus afirmaciones filosóficas ...y teológicas acerca de la estructura interior de la mujer, para descubrir la belleza de la feminidad, la cual sería la base para un feminismo cristiano.
Transgenerational plasticity (TGP) is increasingly recognized as a mechanism by which organisms can respond to environments that change across generations. Although recent empirical and theoretical ...studies have explored conditions under which TGP is predicted to evolve, it is still unclear whether the effects of the parental environment will remain beyond the offspring generation. Using a small cyprinodontid fish, we explored multigenerational thermal TGP to address two related questions. First (experiment 1), does the strength of TGP decline or accumulate across multiple generations? Second (experiment 2), how does the experience of a temperature novel to both parents and offspring affect the strength of TGP? In the first experiment, we found a significant interaction between F1 and F2 temperatures and juvenile growth, but no effect of egg diameter. The strength of TGP between F0 and F1 generations was similar in both experiments but declined in subsequent generations. Further, experience of a novel temperature accelerated the decline. This pattern, although similar to that found in other species, is certainly not universally observed, suggesting that theoretical and empirical effort is needed to understand the multigenerational dynamics of TGP.
Here, we evaluate the strength of transgenerational plasticity past the first generation in the sheepshead minnow. We show that parental thermal TGP was detected even at the grand‐offspring generation, but that its strength declined across generations.
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FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
El Contrato Social toca fondo ¿Qué sigue? Insuasty Rodríguez, Alfonso; Borja Bedoya, Eulalia; Vallejo Duque, Yani ...
Kavilando,
06/2023, Volume:
15, Issue:
1
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
Open access
Centro y Sur América, allí Colombia, tienen una condición especial en un escenario de crisis global, la primera es que posee los recursos naturales que requiere el mundo para paliar la crisis y la ...segunda, es que intenta consolidarse una nueva ola progresista en la región que promete gestionar la crisis desde una posible unidad latinoamericana en los terrenos políticos y económicos.
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