Introduction: Endoscopic surgery of pituitary adenoma is a rapidly developing surgical procedure in the field of neurosurgery, with known limitations and advantages. The aim of this study was to ...evaluate the results of this technique for treatment of a group of patients with pituitary adenoma. Materials and Methods: In the present study, 26 patients with the diagnosis of pituitary adenoma, who were considered for endoscopic operation between 2002-2005 in Sina and Amir Alam hospitals, were included. The following data were registered: age, sex, symptoms of disease, findings of neurological exam, adenoma type (functional versus non-functional), treatment outcome and complications of the procedure and duration of hospital stay. Results: Twenty six patients (14 male and 11 female) included in the study. Most of them were in the 3-6 decades of life. They included 11 non-functional adenoma, 9 GH-producing adenomas, 3 ACTH secreting adenomas and 3 cases with prolactinomas. Seven patients had complications of the operation (reversible in 6 patients and fatal in 1) and 6 of them had recurrence of the tumor during the 2-year follow up. Conclusion: Endoscopic surgery is an invaluable method for treatment of pituitary adenoma, and factors such as decreased complications and duration of hospital stay further adds to its popularity.
In the present study, the New Keynesian Phillips Curve is derived for Iran using an Open Economy Dynamic Stochastic General Equilibrium model. Due to inflation persistence in Iran, a new hybrid ...Keynesian Phillips curve is estimated using Central Bank of Iran dataset during 1971-2011. The findings indicate that lagged inflation is more important than expected inflation in determining current period inflation. In addition, with reference to monetary shocks, the inflationary effects are greater than real effects. In other words, a monetary shock initially affects inflation more than output. Moreover, shocks on oil revenue and technology lead to increase in both output and inflation. A reduction in the nexus between monetary base and oil revenues, investment in research and development (R & D) and monetary discipline are policy recommendations of this research.
In this paper flow field between the first-stage of gas turbine blades, GE F9 model is simulated and analysed using Computational Fluid Dynamics. Two-dimensional model is considered and by applying ...appropriate boundary conditions for both steady and unsteady state cases are solved. Due to complexity of flow field Reynolds Stress Model is used as a turbulence model. Finally, flow pattern is achieved and shows that pressure in the stationary blades (Nozzles) and the moving blades is reduced and velocity increases in the nozzles and decreases in the blades. It is be noted that complete grid study is done to achieve grid-independent solution.
