This paper describes a low complexity video codec with high coding efficiency. It was proposed to the high efficiency video coding (HEVC) standardization effort of moving picture experts group and ...video coding experts group, and has been partially adopted into the initial HEVC test model under consideration design. The proposal utilizes a quadtree-based coding structure with support for macroblocks of size 64 × 64, 32 × 32, and 16 × 16 pixels. Entropy coding is performed using a low complexity variable length coding scheme with improved context adaptation compared to the context adaptive variable length coding design in H.264/AVC. The proposal's interpolation and deblocking filter designs improve coding efficiency, yet have low complexity. Finally, intra-picture coding methods have been improved to provide better subjective quality than H.264/AVC. The subjective quality of the proposed codec has been evaluated extensively within the HEVC project, with results indicating that similar visual quality to H.264/AVC High Profile anchors is achieved, measured by mean opinion score, using significantly fewer bits. Coding efficiency improvements are achieved with lower complexity than the H.264/AVC Baseline Profile, particularly suiting the proposal for high resolution, high quality applications in resource-constrained environments.
This article analyses the interrelationship of patient, citizen, and consumer by considering the history of Tandvårdsskadeförbundet, the Swedish Association of Dental Mercury Patients (TF), which was ...founded in 1978 as controversy mounted over dental amalgam and mercury poisoning. Concentrating on the 1980s and TF’s quarterly publication TF-bladet, three major themes are identified, which are argued to have structured TF’s position on consumer and healthcare policy: the figure of the consumer; views on knowledge and knowledge production; and freedom of choice and consumer guidance.
It is found that for TF the figures of the consumer and the citizen were closely aligned, informed by consumer policies and debate in the 1970s. The consumer was thought to possess rights and obligations vis-à-vis the state, whose job it was to ensure protection from corporate greed and malice. TF’s consumer advice was not overtly political or designed to promote individual choice and healthcare marketisation per se, but rather was seen as a necessary evil in the absence of public protection.
This confirms previous research on the history of Swedish patient organisations, which has shown they lean towards the citizen end of the standard citizen–consumer dichotomy. However, TF’s stated mission as a dental consumer organisation, and the way its consumer guidance rhetoric drew on and fed into the contemporary discourse of personal choice and welfare policy, suggest the continuity between post-war patient–citizens and late twentieth-century patient–consumers, previously demonstrated in studies of the US and UK, was also present in Sweden to a degree.
The study finds that TF’s views on knowledge, and especially the epistemological centrality of personal experience and testimony, not only resembled other patient organisations’ ideas, but also were key to its standpoint on consumer and healthcare policy. The article thus concludes by calling for further explorations of the role of changing, collectively held epistemological views in the history of welfare marketisation.
Conflicts over the management and governance of forests seem to be increasing. Previous media studies in this area have largely focused on analysing the portrayal of specific conflicts. This study ...aims to review how a broad range of forest conflicts are portrayed in the Swedish media, analysing their temporal, spatial, and relational dimensions. We applied topic modelling, a machine learning approach, to analyse 53,600 articles published in the Swedish daily press between 2012 and 2022. We identified 916 topics, of which 94 were of interest for this study. Our results showed ten areas of forest conflicts: hunting and fishing (35 % of total coverage), energy (24 %), recreation and tourism (11 %), nature conservation (8 %), forest damages (6 %), international issues (5 %), forestry (5 %), reindeer husbandry (4 %), media and politics (2 %), and mining (1 %). The overall coverage of forest conflicts increased significantly over the study period, potentially reflecting an actual increase in forest conflicts. Some of the conflicts were continuously reported upon over time, while the coverage of others exhibited seasonal or event-related patterns. Four conflicts received most of their coverage in specific regions, while others were covered across the whole of Sweden. A relational analysis of the conflicts revealed three clusters of forest conflicts focused respectively on industrial, cultural, and conservation conflicts. Our results emphasise the value of using topic modelling to understand the overall patterns and trends of the media coverage of current land use conflicts, while also highlighting potential areas of emerging conflicts that may be of special interest for planners and policy-makers to monitor and manage.
•Forest conflicts are often portrayed in local, regional and national media.•Machine learning allowed us to analyse forest conflicts in Swedish daily press.•The overall media coverage of forest conflicts has been increasing in recent years.•Some conflicts were seasonal, regional, and/or closely related to other conflicts.•Media analysis improves our understanding of forest-related conflicts.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
The increasing proportion of video traffic in telecommunication networks puts an emphasis on efficient video compression technology. High Efficiency Video Coding (HEVC) is the forthcoming video ...coding standard that provides substantial bit rate reductions compared to its predecessors. In the HEVC standardization process, technologies such as picture partitioning, reference picture management, and parameter sets are categorized as "high-level syntax." The design of the high-level syntax impacts the interface to systems and error resilience, and provides new functionalities. This paper presents an overview of the HEVC high-level syntax, including network abstraction layer unit headers, parameter sets, picture partitioning schemes, reference picture management, and supplemental enhancement information messages.
This paper presents an evaluation of using the MIUU mesoscale model to predict mean wind speed at 10 meters above ground. This was done by comparing the model output to 128 meteorological ...measurements in Sweden. Although some terrain-dependent bias was seen, the model worked surprisingly well. Mean absolute error (MAE) was 0.58 m/s or 0.52 m/s if a few measurements taken in highly complex terrain were excluded. By using a multiple regression model, taking into account the terrain at site, the latter value was lowered to 0.39 m/s.
The model described in this paper can be useful for a first evaluation of the wind conditions for small-scale wind power or when measurements are not feasible.
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Dependent random access point pictures in HEVC Pettersson, Martin; Sjoberg, Rickard; Samuelsson, Jonatan
2015 IEEE International Conference on Image Processing (ICIP),
09/2015
Conference Proceeding
This paper describes the concept and a number of system aspects for the Dependent Random Access Point (DRAP) picture, a new feature that was recently introduced in the High-Efficiency Video Coding ...(HEVC) standard. A DRAP picture is an inter-coded picture that may only reference the previous Intra Random Access Point (IRAP) picture and provides a random access point in the bitstream at the DRAP picture given that the IRAP picture is available. The DRAP picture is indicated in the HEVC bitstream by a supplementary enhancement indication (SEI) message. DRAP pictures could increase coding efficiency for random access configured bitstreams for video services like adaptive video streaming, video conferencing, and may also provide faster channel switching for broadcasted TV for a certain bitrate.
The MPEG standardization group has produced a large number of standards for video compression over the last three decades. Traditionally, the MPEG standards have either focused on highest available ...compression efficiency (e.g. MPEG-2, AVC and HEVC) or a desire to produce a royalty-free standard (e.g. IVC and WebVC). In January 2019, MPEG embarked on a new standardization project that can be said to be a hybrid of the two; MPEG-5 Essential Video Coding (EVC). The MPEG-5 EVC standard is being developed with a royalty-free Baseline profile at its base and a royalty bearing Main profile that provides excellent compression performance. The Main profile adds on top of the Baseline profile, 20 different coding tools that each can be individually turned off and, when needed, replaced by a corresponding Baseline profile tool. This structure makes it easy to fall back to a smaller set off tools in the future, if for example licensing complications occur around a specific tool, without breaking compatibility with already deployed decoders.
Uppsatsen undersöker några svenska populärvetenskapliga framställningar av Darwins idéer under halvseklet efter publiceringen av On the origin of species. De publikationer som studeras mest ingående ...är Ny illustrerad tidning och Verdandis småskrifter. Med hjälp av Ludwik Flecks vetenskapssociologiska tankar, jämte ett antal andra perspektiv på polulärvetenskapens form och funktion, resonerar jag om populariseringarnas folkbildande och stundtals politiska syften och sätt att presentera en omstridd teori som ovedersägligen sann. Uppsatsen innehåller också en översikt över populärvetenskapens historia i Europa och Sverige.
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