A symmetric two-sublattice model (Ni,
Ti,
Va)
0.5(Ni,
Ti,
Va)
0.5 is applied to describe the intermediate B2 compound in order to cope with the order–disorder transition in the Ti–Ni system. Using ...this model, the ordered B2 and the disordered Ti-rich b.c.c. are described by a single Gibbs free energy function. The B2 phase is the parent phase of the martensitic transformation in the TiNi shape memory alloys (SMAs), and its thermodynamic properties are then reassessed with emphasis on its composition range that is critical for SMAs. The low temperature B19′ phase is also evaluated on the basis of the selected experimental data from the martensitic transformation. Properties related to the transformation are studied in comparison with experimental data. The magnetic contribution is examined for the martensitic transformation. All calculations are in satisfactory agreement with experimental phenomena.
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IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK
2.
TPG, test results Ableev, V.; Ambrosino, F.; Apollonio, M. ...
IEEE transactions on nuclear science,
12/2005, Volume:
52, Issue:
6
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
TPG is the acronym for Time Projection Chamber with GEM amplification, high-granularity hexaboard read-out and FADC electronics. We have constructed a TPG read-out module, called TPG-head, with three ...GEM foils and a multilayer board, called hexaboard, covered with 710 000 hexagonal pads of 300 mum size. The total active area of this module is a disk of 30 cm diameter. The 710 000 pads are read by three sets of 576 strips dephased by 120 degrees. Each strip is read by a FADC channel with 100 ns sampling time. The module is mounted in a test-bed formed by a cylindrical field cage of 80 cm diameter and 150 cm length inside a solenoidal magnet that operates with a magnetic field up to B=0.7 Tesla. Tests with X-ray sources show an intrinsic spatial resolution of the order of 40 mum. The threshold for transverse momentum measurement of low energy tracks is below 0.1 MeV/c with a magnetic field of 0.07 Tesla. At 0.7 Tesla the intrinsic space point resolution of the chamber is such that the error on the measurement of the transverse momentum is DeltaP t sime0.1 MeV/c in absence of distortions from the drift region
An international experiment designed to demonstrate muon ionization cooling is being built at Rutherford Appleton Laboratory (RAL). The experiment consists of one cell of a Neutrino Factory cooling ...channel, along with upstream and downstream detectors to identify individual muons and measure their initial and final emittance to a precision of 0.1%. Magnetic design of the beamline and cooling channel are complete, and portions are under construction. This paper describes the experiment, including cooling channel hardware designs, fabrication status, and running plans.
A system for thermodynamical calculations (Thermo-Calc) was used to derive the solid solubility of the alloying elements in commercial Al-Cu and Al-Mg-Si alloys. The electrical resistivity was then ...calculated using a model developed by the authors based on the Matthiessen's rule. The calculated resistivity agreed with the observed resistivity within ±2.5 nΩ m for the Al-Mg-Si alloys and ±2 nΩ m for the Al-Cu alloys, except for Al-Mg-Si alloys containing boron or chromium and Al-Cu alloys with special compositions.
Continuously cast high and extra high strength (EHS) steels are investigated with respect to structure coarseness. Large variation in impact resistance between heats is observed, which can not be ...explained in terms of an average grain size. This has been of major technical concern for the Swedish steel industry. The EHS steels are purely ferritic. The high strength (HS) steels have a complex microstructure consisting of primary ferrite and one or more other phases: pearlite, acicular ferrite, or ferrite with second phase. Primary ferrite grain sizes as well as the cell size of pearlite, acicular ferrite and ferrite with second phase are measured to describe structure coarseness. Image analysis is successfully used to separate primary ferrite and other microstructure constituents. Intercept length based size parameters are utilized and size distributions are given. A generalized grain size is determined from the slope of the size distributions. This grain size is used to interpret the toughness properties. The results show that differences in the size of the larger ferrite grains explain the variation in toughness in both HS and EHS steels.
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Three methods for quantitative assessment of banded and oriented structures using advanced image analysis are proposed and tested. In method 1, local Fourier transforms are used to extract the ...locally dominant orientation. The distribution over all possible orientation angles is referred to as the local orientation distribution function. Methods 2 and 3 are based on global Fourier transforms. In method 2, banded structures are quantified by using the difference in projected grey level distribution of the Fourier spectrum in two orthogonal directions. In method 3, the directional image energy as a function of orientation is studied. The image energy, defined by grey level variations, is given by the square of the Fourier spectrum. The concept of energy distribution function is introduced. The methods are successfully applied to two types of materials: pearlite banded structural steels and ferritic-austenitic stainless steels. The proposed methods show good correlation with previously developed methods by Komenda and Sandström for assessing banding based on the Feret slope ratio or the chord slope ratio. It is concluded that all methods give a similar ranking of banded structures.
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Following a brief historical introduction to brittle fracture prevention for pressure vessel applications in various countries, the derivation of the toughness requirements of the European pressure ...vessel code are described. The background to the specification with respect to yield strength range and the treatment of sub-size Charpy is presented. It is concluded that whilst the European requirements do represent a compromise of various national codes, their correct application will lead to fracture safe pressure vessels.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK
This investigation has addressed the question whether food and water intake, motor activity and tumour growth are influenced by indomethacin in experimental cancer. Growing rats implanted with a ...methylcholanthrene-induced sarcoma were studied in metabolic cages connected to a computer. Food intake, water consumption and motor activity were continuously recorded over 30 days following tumour implantation. Treated tumour-bearing animals received indomethacin 1.0 mg/kg per day in drinking water. Food intake declined early in untreated tumour-bearing animals, but water intake was not affected. Motor activity decreased in untreated tumour-bearing animals from days 16-17 onward. Indomethacin treatment prolonged survival and 40% of these tumour-bearers were 'complete responders'. In some animals tumour growth was only marginally affected, but survival was still significantly improved ('partial responders'). Food intake was significantly improved in complete responders. Thus this positive effect seen in complete responders was secondary to less active tumour growth. Motor activity was also significantly higher in responders compared with non-responders.
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