A Trifolium fragiferum (strawberry clover) cover crop was used as an alternative for weed control under the vines in an irrigated vineyard located in a semiarid area of Northern Spain. The cover crop ...allowed a satisfactory and cost-effective management of weeds, without causing relevant changes in yield and grape and wine characteristics. After 4 years of study, we demonstrated that the use of a cover crop under the vines can be an economically profitable alternative to herbicide or intra-row mechanical tillage.
A Trifolium fragiferum (strawberry clover) cover crop was used as an alternative for weed control under the vines in an irrigated vineyard located in a semiarid area of Northern Spain. The cover crop ...allowed a satisfactory and cost-effective management of weeds, without causing relevant changes in yield and grape and wine characteristics. After 4 years of study, we demonstrated that the use of a cover crop under the vines can be an economically profitable alternative to herbicide or intra-row mechanical tillage.
Rootstock election is one of the key decisions when designing a vineyard. Although the research performed to determine the effect they induce in the behaviour of scion varieties is not scarce, it is ...not easy to have a global idea, as results are usually published scattered. In this work, we re-examine previous research conducted in Spain on rootstock implications on vine agronomic performance through the performance of a meta-analysis (MA). As a result, we were able to integrate the information reported in 20 articles that included rootstock experimentation conducted with 36 different varieties and 47 different rootstocks, totalling 764 individual records. However, when the information was filtered before the meta-analysis, this number decreased to 312 records, for which rootstock Response Ratios (RR) were calculated.
The characteristics conferred by the rootstock were more closely related to the rootstock itself, rather than to the characteristics of the Vitis sp. crossing used to create the rootstock. Several rootstocks were identified as more suitable for adapting to future climate change conditions, as far as they were able to moderate sugar accumulation and pH (161-49 C, 41-B MGt and 420A MGt). Meanwhile, 140 Ru and 5-BB were observed to provide high pH and sugar contents despite their high yield. In conclusion, despite being based on data from a single country, the meta-analysis was shown to be a useful tool for enhancing the value of previous research on rootstocks. Combining articles from both peer-reviewed and technical journals helped in the assessment of the implications of different rootstocks, although further steps should be taken to facilitate data integration (harmonisation of measurement and reporting procedures, open data repositories, etc).
Aim: An advance in grapevine phenological stages (including ripening) is occurring worldwide due to global warming and, in the hottest seasons, already results in a lack of synchrony between sugar ...and phenolic ripeness, leading to unbalanced wines. In order to cope with this fact, a general effort is being made by researchers and growers aiming at delaying ripening through cultural practices, particularly under warm growing conditions, where these effects are more deleterious. The aim of this work is to evaluate to which extent severe trimming and enhanced competition of laterals can delay ripening in Tempranillo vineyards under semiarid conditions.Methods and results: The experiment took place during two consecutive seasons in Traibuenas (Navarra, Spain) in a cv. ‘Tempranillo’ vineyard trained to a vertical shoot positioned (VSP) spur-pruned bilateral cordon. Severe mechanical pruning was performed ca. 3 weeks after fruit-set in order to reduce leaf-to-fruit ratio, and in the trimmed plants, three irrigation doses were applied until harvest aiming at enhancing lateral growth, hypothesized to compete with ripening. All measurements were performed in six 10-vine replicates per treatment. Trimming significantly reduced leaf area and yield, resulting in higher water availability in trimmed plants. The whole ripening process was delayed by trimming: mid-veraison was delayed by about 5 days, and the delay in sugar accumulation and acid degradation was longer, differences being more marked in malic than in tartaric acid concentration. The use of increased irrigation levels compensated the losses in yield caused by trimming, enhanced laterals’ growth and implied an additional delay in ripening.Conclusion: trimming and increased irrigation had an additive effect in terms of delaying ripening, and they can be used jointly when that delay is needed.Significance and impact of the study: this study proves the potentiality of the joint use of trimming and increased irrigation to delay ripening, although it is necessary to analyze the implications the obtained delay has on other quality aspects. The lower anthocyanin and phenolic values observed in trimmed vines were not solely due to delayed ripening, as lower values were observed even when data were compared for a given total soluble solid content.
Las colecciones nucleares de plantas pueden formarse a partir de la información obtenida en caracterizaciones morfológicas, agronómicas o eco-geográficas, así como a partir de caracterizaciones ...bioquímicas o moleculares. Un aspecto poco estudiado de la formación y validación de colecciones nucleares es la capacidad de éstas para conservar la estructura y diversidad de la colección global en aquellos caracteres que no han sido empleados para formar la colección nuclear. En el presente estudio se determinaron tres colecciones nucleares para el Banco de Germoplasma de Manzano de la Universidad Pública de Navarra: para el primero se emplearon los datos de caracterización de 10 marcadores SSR, la segunda fue formada a partir de la caracterización hecha con 12 loci de isoenzimas, y la tercera se construyó a partir de la información proporcionada por 23 caracteres morfo-agronómicos. Se comparó la estructura y diversidad genotípica y fenotípica de las tres colecciones, entre sí y respecto de la colección original, para determinar el impacto que sobre dicha estructura y diversidad tenía el tipo de dato con que se formó la colección nuclear. Las tres colecciones conservaron una diversidad similar y no difirieron de la original en sus índices de Nei y Shannon-Weaver, y siempre se mantuvieron las frecuencias de las clases alélicas o fenotípicas. En conjunto, el tipo de caracterización empleada en la formación de la colección nuclear tuvo escasa influencia sobre la diversidad retenida, de lo que se concluye que en el manzano los microsatélites son especialmente adecuados para formar dichas colecciones.
Various types of data have been used for sampling plant core collections, including morphological, agronomic and ecogeographical traits, and molecular and biochemical markers. However, little is known about the ability of woody perennial core collections to retain the diversity and structure of the whole collection for characters that were not considered in the selection, especially when molecular markers are used. In this study, three core subsets were established for the apple germplasm bank curated at the Public University of Navarre (UPNa, Spain): based upon the diversity found with 10 SSR markers, another based upon the diversity assessed with 12 isozyme loci; and a third based upon morpho-agronomic diversity evaluated by 23 morpho-agronomic traits. Comparisons between these three subsets and to the whole collection were assessed to determine the impact of the data used in the selection on phenotypic and genetic diversity and on their population structure. The three subsets had a similar diversity and they did not differ from the original collection, according to Nei and Shannon-Weaver indices. The allelic/class frequencies were also always maintained in the three subsets. Overall, the kind of data used to constitute a core collection had little influence on the phenotypic and genetic diversity retained, so in the case of apple collections the use of molecular markers is preferable for this task because they allow a rapid and reliable characterization.
Aim: The present systematic review aims to provide an overview about the impact of cover crops on vegetative growth and productive parameters of vineyards. Methods and results: A systematic review ...was made using Scopus-index journals along 20 years (1999-2018). The selection was independently done by two researchers, selecting a total of 272 published papers related to cover crops in vineyard. Each article was categorized according to its theme and a metadata was created, considering all relevant information from an agronomic point of view. Conclusion: It was observed that the use of cover crops can reduce vine vegetative growth that, in turn, could be used to keep the incidence of fungal diseases at a low level, like grey mould. In general, this practice does not clearly affect vineyard yield, nor grape juice parameters like total soluble solids (TSS) or titratable acidity (TA). Cover crops can decrease to some extent vineyard pests, especially Cicadellidae. Only and punctually in the central summer months the covers can sometimes cause water stress in the vineyard. Significance of the study: This review allows to systematically synthesize the information on cover crops and their effects on vineyard agronomic performance. Thus allowing using the most suitable cover for the objectives sought in the growing conditions that are had.
Aim: The present systematic review aims to provide an overview about the impact of cover crops on vegetative growth and productive parameters of vineyards. Methods and results: A systematic review ...was made using Scopus-index journals along 20 years (1999-2018). The selection was independently done by two researchers, selecting a total of 272 published papers related to cover crops in vineyard. Each article was categorized according to its theme and a metadata was created, considering all relevant information from an agronomic point of view. Conclusion: It was observed that the use of cover crops can reduce vine vegetative growth that, in turn, could be used to keep the incidence of fungal diseases at a low level, like grey mould. In general, this practice does not clearly affect vineyard yield, nor grape juice parameters like total soluble solids (TSS) or titratable acidity (TA). Cover crops can decrease to some extent vineyard pests, especially Cicadellidae. Only and punctually in the central summer months the covers can sometimes cause water stress in the vineyard. Significance of the study: This review allows to systematically synthesize the information on cover crops and their effects on vineyard agronomic performance. Thus allowing using the most suitable cover for the objectives sought in the growing conditions that are had.
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