Due to the continuous evolution of adversary tactics, strategies, and processes, the contemporary digital universe is confronted with new obstacles in defending digital assets ranging from secret ...information to essential infrastructure. The advanced persistent threat (APT) is a new attack methodology used by modern adversaries in which the attacker employs sophisticated and highly evasive exploits and payloads to achieve long-term persistence and lateral movement to accomplish objectives such as high endurance data collection, disruption, or denial of critical infrastructure services. The payloads employed in these sorts of attacks are sophisticated and include advanced approaches for evading contemporary security solutions that depend heavily on signature and rule-based detection methods. Nowadays, individuals rely on behavior analysis combined with artificial intelligence approaches to determine given sample is malicious or not. This paper presents an innovative multi-dimensional hybrid Bayesian belief network model to classify the given sample as malicious or benign in the APT malware detection domain. It is a hybrid method of three analytical models: static analysis Bayesian belief network (SABBN), dynamic analysis Bayesian belief network (DABBN), and event analysis Bayesian belief network (EABBN) that covers the vast range of malware behavioral traits. The suggested framework detects APT Malware with 92.62 percent accuracy and a 0.0538 percent false-positive rate, which is excellent in an area where security solutions lack trustworthy mechanisms.
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CEKLJ, DOBA, EMUNI, FIS, FZAB, GEOZS, GIS, IJS, IMTLJ, IZUM, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, SBNM, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
We have demonstrated for the first time, with both simulations and experiments, the application of an asymmetric metal electrode scheme in Group IV metal-semiconductor-metal photodetectors (MSM-PDs) ...to effectively lower dark current (I/sub dark/) without sacrificing the photocurrent (I/sub photo/) substantially. A new metric was introduced by normalizing the photocurrent-to-dark current ratio to the input optical power (NPDR) to provide an objective assessment of the detector performance. Improvement of at least 1.4 times in NPDR was obtained with asymmetric MSM-PDs. Finally, the impact of MSM sizing on NPDR was also addressed.
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to develop an integrated fuzzy multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) model for evaluation of the energy alternates in India based on their sustainability.
...Design/methodology/approach
A fuzzy analytical hierarchy process approach is used for the weight calculation of the criteria and the fuzzy technique for order preference by similarity to the ideal solution is used for ranking of the energy alternates. Seven energy sources – thermal, gas power, nuclear, solar, wind, biomass and hydro energy are considered for the assessment purpose on the basis of sustainability criteria, namely, economic, technical, social, environmental, political and flexible.
Findings
The result of the analysis shows that economics is the highest weight criterion, followed by environmental and technical criteria. Solar energy was chosen as the most sustainable energy alternate in India, followed by wind and hydro energy.
Research limitations/implications
Few other MCDM techniques such as VIseKriterijumska Optimizacija I Kompromisno Resenje (multi-criteria optimization and compromise solution), weighted sum method and preference ranking organization method for enrichment evaluations – II can also be explored for the sustainability ranking of the energy alternates. However, the present model has also provided a good result.
Practical implications
The present research work will help the decision-makers and organizations in the evaluation and prioritizing the various energy sources on the scale of sustainability.
Social implications
Research finding provides guidance to government and decision-makers regarding the development of social conditions through energy security, job creation and economic benefits.
Originality/value
Research work can be act as a supplement for the investors and decision-makers specifically in prioritizing the investment perspective and to support other multi-perspective decision-making problems.
Kinetics of phase transformation of Ge10Se75Sb15 chalcogenide glass, prepared by melt quenching technique, has been studied by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) at different heating rates 5, ...10, 15 and 20K/min under non-isothermal condition. Dependence of glass transition temperature on heating rate has been studied by Lasocka empirical relation. The crystallization parameters such as activation energy of crystallization, Avrami index (n), dimensionality of growth (m) and frequency factor have been evaluated using Kissinger, Augis-Bennett, Ozawa and Matusita-Sakka model. Average value of n comes out as 1.73, which indicates one dimensional growth. Further an effort has also been made to study thermal stability using various parameters.
•GeSeSb chalcogenide glass is widely used in fabricate IR optical fibers due to its interesting optical properties.•Various models have been used to evaluate non-isothermal DSC thermograms in order to study the kinetics.•Avrami index, evaluated from Mastusita model is 1.73, indicates one - dimensional growth. The value of frequency factor is 3.29×1014.•Ge10Se75Sb15 chalcogenide glass follow well known two - third rule.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
We have successfully demonstrated high-performance p-MOSFETs in germanium grown directly on Si using a novel heteroepitaxial growth technique, which uses multisteps of hydrogen annealing and growth ...to confine misfit dislocations near the Ge-Si interface, thus not threading to the surface as expected in this 4.2% lattice-mismatched system. We used a low thermal budget process with silicon dioxide on germanium oxynitride (GeO/sub x/N/sub y/) gate dielectric and Si/sub 0.75/Ge/sub 0.25/ gate electrode. Characterization of the device using cross-sectional transmission electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy at different stages of the fabrication illustrates device-quality interfaces that yielded hole effective mobility as high as 250 cm/sup 2//Vs.
In this letter, we present a fundamental study on the scalability and electrical properties of germanium oxynitride dielectrics for metal-oxide-semiconductor device applications. The nitrogen depth ...profile within the oxynitride dielectric layers was first monitored using angle-resolved x-ray photoemission spectroscopy and the dielectric permittivity variation was therefore identified. After thinning down the lower permittivity portion of these dielectrics, we successfully scaled down the capacitance-based equivalent SiO/sub 2/ thickness, in Ge MOS capacitors, to 1.9 nm without suffering from gate leakage. We have also investigated the effects of thermal annealing on various capacitor electrical properties. For instance, we measured a flat-band voltage shift of as much as -0.8 V from the ideal value on as-deposited capacitors and the recovery of the theoretical value, with acceptably small amount of oxide fixed charge, after subsequent thermal annealing. Lastly, we have benchmarked the performance of these oxynitride insulators with the advanced high-/spl kappa/ dielectrics on Ge and discussed the impacts on future scaling.
The present study highlights the first-ever application of fastest lithium (Li) ion conducting complex hydride containing cluster anions, namely lithium borohydride (LiBH4) into an all-solid-state ...Li-ion battery having Bi2Te3 as anode material. Bi2Te3 nanostructures were prepared by the simple wet chemical method and characterized by their crystal structure, morphology and electronic structure using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). SEM and TEM experiments revealed the dimensions as 20–60 nm for nanoparticles and 30–90 nm for nanosheets. The formation of Bi2Te3 nanostructures along with Bi2O3 as the residual phase is confirmed by XRD analysis. The crystallite size of nanoparticles and nanosheets are calculated as 19 nm and 39 nm respectively from XRD profile. The XPS study also confirms the formation of nanostructured Bi2Te3 along with Bi2O3. Finally, the electrochemical performance of these nanostructures is observed using the galvanostatic charge-discharge curve at 0.1C and 0.5C.
•Bi2Te3 nanoparticles and nanosheets are prepared using wet chemical method.•LiBH4 as solid electrolyte is used for all solid-state Li-ion battery having Bi2Te3 as anode.•A reversible capacity of >450 mAhg−1 has been achieved using above combination.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZRSKP
Introduction Intravenous dexmedetomidine is known to cause major adverse effects such as bradycardia, hypotension, cardiac arrhythmias, and heart block when used as premedication for attenuation of ...the laryngoscopy and intubation response, limiting its routine use. Thus, it is important to study other routes of administration of dexmedetomidine. Objectives To compare the hemodynamic response and sedation score between intravenous and nebulized dexmedetomidine as premedication for the attenuation of the laryngoscopy and intubation response. Materials and methods In this study, 60 patients fulfilling inclusion criteria undergoing surgeries under general anesthesia (ASA Grade I and II) were randomly allocated into two groups of 30 patients each. Group IV received intravenous 1 mcg/kg dexmedetomidine in 100 mL normal saline, and Group IN received nebulization with 1 mcg/kg dexmedetomidine diluted to a total volume of 5 cc of normal saline, 30 minutes prior to the induction of general anesthesia. Sedation scores were calculated using the Ramsay sedation score at 20 minutes after the administration of the drug; patients were induced by the standard protocol, and laryngoscopy was performed. Vitals were recorded before the administration of the drug and after intubation at stipulated time intervals. Results The median heart rate becomes significantly lower at 15 minutes (70 vs. 76.5) and 20 minutes (66 vs. 76) after induction among Group IV as compared to Group IN. The median systolic blood pressure was significantly lower at 20 minutes in Group IV (110 mmHg) than in Group IN (119 mmHg). The median diastolic blood pressure was significantly lower at 10 minutes (76 vs. 79), 15 minutes (70 vs. 77), and 20 minutes (69 vs. 78.5) in Group IV than in Group IN. The median of mean arterial pressure was significantly lower at 15 minutes (84.8 vs. 91.5) and 20 minutes (83 vs. 92) in Group IV than in Group IN. A comparison of vitals after induction shows that the median heart rate, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, and mean arterial pressure were significantly lower statistically among Group IV as compared to Group IN at 0, 1, 3, 5, 10, 15, and 30 minutes after induction (except for systolic blood pressure at 3 minutes). The median sedation score was lower in Group IN (0) than in Group IV (1); this difference is statistically significant. Conclusion The obtundation of hemodynamic responses following laryngoscopy and maintaining hemodynamics intraoperatively is statistically better with nebulized dexmedetomidine compared to intravenous dexmedetomidine.
A 25-year-old female presented with sudden onset diminution of vision in the right eye (oculus dextrus OD) following blunt trauma after a sports injury. Ocular examination revealed best-corrected ...visual acuity (BCVA) of 20/30 in OD and fundus revealed commotio retinae, localized preretinal bleed, and a large choroidal rupture (CR). She was managed conservatively at that moment. Three months following trauma, she returned with further deterioration of BCVA (20/80) in OD. Optical coherence tomography angiogram (OCTA) confirmed the presence of choroidal neovascular membrane (CNVM). She was treated with single intravitreal ranibizumab injection. Repeat OCTA after 6 weeks showed the regression of CNVM. Her BCVA improved to 20/30 at 6 months of follow-up. In the index report, we present a unique OCTA guided the diagnosis of posttraumatic CR-associated CNVM and its successful management with single intravitreal ranibizumab.
In the present paper crystallization kinetics of Ge25‐xSe75Sbx(x = 12, 15, 18) chalcogenide glasses has been investigated using thermal analysis (TA) technique. Ge25‐xSe75Sbx (x = 12, 15, 18) ...chalcogenide glasses have been prepared by rapid quenching of melt technique. For structure characterization XRD technique has been used. Out of various TA techniques Differential Scanning Calorimetery (DSC) has been used for present study. DSC scans have been carried at different heating rates i.e. 5, 10, 15 and 20 K/min. For evaluation of activation energy of crystallization various theoretical models Kissinger, Ozawa, Augis‐Bennet and Matusita‐Sakka have been used. Activation energy of crystallization increases with increase of Sb content in Ge25‐xSe75Sbx(x = 12, 15, 18) glassy series. The value of Avrami index indicates bulk crystallization with one or two dimensional growth.
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BFBNIB, FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
