We investigated the expression of γ-glutamyltranspeptidase (γ-GTP) in rat liver during carcinogenesis induced by diethylnitrosamine (DEN), using both immunohistochemical and in situ hybridization ...techniques. At 1 month after DEN injection, γ-GTP immuno-positive cells (parenchymal cells) were scattered in the zone I and zone II of liver lobules. And at 2 months, γ-GTP immuno-positive enzyme altered foci (EAF) were observed predominantly in the zone I and zone II. At 5 months, γ-GTP immuno-positive hyperplastic nodules (HNs), which compressed surrounding tissue, were also seen in liver lobules. γ-GTP immuno-positive structures were observed at cell membrane and bile canaliculi. Using in situ hybridization, we detected assemblies of silver grains which indicated mRNA, in both the scattered hepatocytes in the early stage of hepatocarcinogenesis and the cells in hyperplastic foci. These results suggested that the hepatocytes expressing γ-GTP in zone I and zone II might be concerned with the genesis of EAF and HNs.
We studied the relationship between the expression of HLA class I antigen on hepatocytes and liver cell damage (hepatitis). The serum levels of GPT of patients positive for HLA class I antigen were ...significantly higher (p<0.01) than those of patients negative for it. Furthermore, the γ-IFN production of PHA-stimulated PBMCs from patients with active liver disease was enhanced in response to α-IFN. The responsiveness of PBMCs in response to α-IFN may be a cause of liver cell damage, by enhancing the expression of HLA class I Ag.
One of the current most-demanded experiments in neutrino physics is to
measure the last mixing angle theta_13. KASKA is an experiment to detect new
type of reactor neutrino oscillation and to measure ...sin^2 2theta_13 accurately
using the world's most powerful nuclear reactor complex; Kashiwazaki-Kariwa
nuclear power station. KASKA utilizes near and far detectors of identical
structure at nearly optimized baselines and underground depths to cancel most
of the systematics and reduce backgrounds. The expected sensitivity is sin^2
2theta_13~0.015, which is 10 times better sensitivity than the current upper
limit measured by CHOOZ reactor experiment. Extension of KASKA project has
potential to accurately measure other anti-nu_e oscillation parameters. Intense
and precisely known neutrino flux measured by the KASKA-theta_13 phase can be
used to pin down sin^2 2theta_12 at a baseline ~50km and to measure Dm^2_13 for
the first time at a baseline ~5km. This Letter of Intent describes physics
motivation, detector system and expected performance of the KASKA experiment.
One of the current most-demanded experiments in neutrino physics is to measure the last mixing angle theta_13. KASKA is an experiment to detect new type of reactor neutrino oscillation and to measure ...sin^2 2theta_13 accurately using the world's most powerful nuclear reactor complex; Kashiwazaki-Kariwa nuclear power station. KASKA utilizes near and far detectors of identical structure at nearly optimized baselines and underground depths to cancel most of the systematics and reduce backgrounds. The expected sensitivity is sin^2 2theta_13~0.015, which is 10 times better sensitivity than the current upper limit measured by CHOOZ reactor experiment. Extension of KASKA project has potential to accurately measure other anti-nu_e oscillation parameters. Intense and precisely known neutrino flux measured by the KASKA-theta_13 phase can be used to pin down sin^2 2theta_12 at a baseline ~50km and to measure Dm^2_13 for the first time at a baseline ~5km. This Letter of Intent describes physics motivation, detector system and expected performance of the KASKA experiment.
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