Previously, the SOS-KANTO 2012 studies, conducted in the Kanto area of Japan, reported a summary of outcomes in patients with out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA). This sub-analysis of the SOS-KANTO ...study 2017 aimed to evaluate the neurological outcomes of paediatric OHCA patients, by comparing the SOS-KANTO 2012 and 2017 studies. All OHCA patients, aged < 18 years, who were transported to the participating hospitals by EMS personnel were included in both SOS-KANTO studies (2012 and 2017). The number of survival patients with favourable neurological outcomes (paediatric cerebral performance category 1 or 2) at 1 month did not improve between 2012 and 2017. There was no significant difference in achievement of pre-hospital return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) odds ratio (OR): 2.00, 95% confidence interval (95% CI): 0.50-7.99, p = 0.50 and favourable outcome at 1 month OR: 0.67, 95% CI: 0.11-3.99, p = 1 between the two studies, matched by age, witnessed arrest, bystander CPR, aetiology of OHCA, and time from call to EMS arrival. Multivariable logistic regression showed no significant difference in the achievement of pre-hospital ROSC and favourable outcomes at 1 month between the two studies.
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IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
Repeat head computed tomography (RHCT) is common and routine for pediatric traumatic brain injury (TBI) patients. In mild (Glasgow Coma Scale; GCS 13–15) to moderate (GCS 9–12) TBI, recent studies ...have shown that RHCT without clinical deterioration does not alter management. However, the effectiveness of routine RHCT for pediatric TBI patients under 2 years has not been investigated. This study aims to investigate whether routine RHCT changes management in mild-to-moderate TBI patients under 2 years. We performed a retrospective review at the emergency department of the National Center for Child Health and Development between January 2015 and December 2019. Mild-to-moderate TBI patients under 2 years with an acute intracranial injury on initial head CT scan and receiving follow-up CT scans were included. Mechanism, severity of TBI, indication for RHCT, and their findings were listed. Study outcome was intervention based on the findings of RHCT. Intervention was defined as intubation, ICP monitor placement, or neurosurgery. We identified 50 patients who met inclusion criteria and most patients (48/50) had mild TBI. The most common mechanism was ‘fall’ (68%). Almost all RHCT was routine and the overall incidence of radiographic progression on RHCT was 12%. RHCT without clinical deterioration did not lead to intervention, although one patient with moderate TBI required intervention due to radiographic progression with clinical symptoms. Our study showed that routine RHCT without clinical deterioration for mild TBI patients under 2 years may not alter clinical management. We suggest that RHCT be considered when there is clinical deterioration such as decrease in GCS.
Recent reports suggest a lifetime suicide risk for schizophrenia patients of approximately 5%. This figure is significantly higher than the general population suicide risk consequently, detection of ...those at risk is clinically important. This study was undertaken to define the characteristics of suicide attempts by schizophrenia patients compared with attempts by patients with mood disorders. All patients were diagnosed using the ICD-10 criteria. The study population comprised 65 patients with F2 disorders (schizophrenia, schizotypal and delusional disorders), i.e., "the F2 group", and 94 patients with F3 disorders (mood disorders), i.e., "the F3 group", who presented in the clinical setting of consultation-liaison psychiatry. The F2 group had a significantly younger mean age and significantly higher ratios of 'past/present psychiatric treatment' and 'more than 3 months interruption of psychiatric treatment'. In contrast, the ratios of 'physical disorder comorbidity', 'alcohol intake at suicide attempt' and 'suicide note left behind' were significantly higher in the F3 group. The F2 group attempted suicide by significantly more serious methods. Furthermore, 'hallucination-delusion' was the most prevalent motive in the F2 group and was the only factor that showed a significant association with the seriousness of the method of suicide attempt (OR = 3.36, 95% CI: 1.05-11.33).
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DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
As many scholars have pointed out, a new form of capitalism is emerging — a capitalism which has been referred to as “surveillance capitalism,” “platform capitalism,” “techno-feudalism,” or “rentier ...capitalism.” Brett Christophers notes that, since the 1970s, capitalism has become increasingly dependent on rent extraction, based on monopolies of land, infrastructure, and intellectual property, among others. The new form of capitalism has further built a monopoly system of platforms, big data, and algorithms within industry itself. Based on these observations, if the mass production and mass consumption of the automobile industry was the model for the Fordist system of capital accumulation in the past, the monopoly of the digital giants is the model for the new system of rent extraction. Over the preceding half century of “secular stagnation,” capitalism has undergone a major structural transformation — at least in “developed countries.” Capitalism has lost the conditions necessary for stimulating the production of surplus value and the accumulation of capital. However, this does not mean a decline in the dominance of capital: this is because capital has weakened the working class through neoliberal restructuring and increased earnings through intensified exploitation and financialization. As such, “rentier capitalism” can be regarded as an extension of this process. Marx did not expect that capitalism could become so powerful despite long-term stagnation in capital accumulation. However, if we interpret Marx’s Capital as a system of economic form determinations, we can find the key to understanding this paradox. In this paper, I examine this new form of capitalism based on Marx’s Capital and the related manuscripts. In so doing, I provide suggestions regarding the future direction of contemporary capitalism.
To evaluate the relationship between annual hospital volume of mechanical ventilation in children and mortality.
A retrospective analysis.
Japanese hospitals (n = 641) in the Japanese Diagnosis ...Procedure Combination database from July 2010 to March 2013.
Patients 15 years old or younger receiving mechanical ventilation during hospitalization.
None.
A total of 26,981 mechanically ventilated pediatric patients were identified. They were categorized into four subgroups based on the quartiles of mean annual hospital volume of mechanical ventilation in children. Multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed to examine the effects of hospital volume on 30-day mortality, with adjustment for patient and hospital characteristics. Compared with the low volume group (≤ 34 per year), the odds ratios (95% CI) for 30-day mortality of low-medium (35-80), medium-high (81-165), and high (≥ 166) volume groups were 0.63 (0.50-0.79), 0.56 (0.42-0.74), and 0.57 (0.50-0.79), respectively. Subgroup analyses of surgical and nonsurgical patients showed similar trends.
In mechanically ventilated pediatric patients divided by hospital volume quartiles, all three higher volume groups had lower mortality than the lowest volume group.
An Involution of the McLaughlin Graph NAKAMURA, Shuhei; SASAKI, Ryuji
Journal of Research Institute of Science and Technology, College of Science and Technology, Nihon University,
2017, Volume:
2017, Issue:
139
Journal Article
Open access
The 4050 cocliques, of length 22, of the McLaughlin graph Γ are classified into 8 types.6, 7) Using this, we construct an involution σ in the automorphism group Aut(Γ) and give a proof of Aut(Γ) ≅ ...McL: 〈σ〉. Here McL is the simple McLaughlin group.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
8.
Cocliques of Length 22 of the McLaughlin Graph II SASAKI, Ryuji; SHISHIKURA, Akimi
Journal of Research Institute of Science and Technology, College of Science and Technology, Nihon University,
2015, Volume:
2015, Issue:
133
Journal Article
Open access
This paper complements the previous one 4 perfectly, where we classified 4050 cocliques of length 22, of the McLaughlin graph, into 8 types. In this paper we prove that every coclique of length 22 is ...one of these 4050 cocliques.
Residual Nilpotency of Groups HASHIGUCHI, Norikazu; SASAKI, Ryuji
Journal of Research Institute of Science and Technology, College of Science and Technology, Nihon University,
2013, Volume:
2013, Issue:
130
Journal Article
Open access
Residually finite groups appear in low dimensional topology. In the latter half of the twentieth century, it is shown that the fundamental groups of the complement of fibered knots are residually ...finite. Free groups are residually finite, too. Free groups have also other residual properties, i.e., residual nilpotency and residual solvability. Every residually nilpotent group is residually solvable, as every nilpotent group is solvable. Magnus, Karrass and Solitar show these properties of free groups in their book by algebraic methods. In the knot theory, it is well known that the fundamental group of the complement of a knot (= the knot group) is not residually nilpotent. Recently, Hashiguchi proved that the free products of the order p cyclic group and the order q cyclic group are residually solvable if p and q are relatively prime. This is shown by the fact that the knot groups of torus knots are residually solvable. This method cannot be applied to the case p = q because (p, p)-torus knot does not exist. In this paper, we will prove that the free product of r copies of the order p cyclic groups is residually nilpotent by applying Magnus-Karrass-Solitar’s method when p is a prime number and r is greater than 1.
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