•Novel coronavirus (SARS-Coronavirus-2:SARS-CoV-2) which emerged in Wuhan, China, has spread to multiple countries rapidly.•This is the first case of meningitis associated with SARS-CoV-2 who was ...brought in by ambulance.•The specific SARS-CoV-2 RNA was not detected in the nasopharyngeal swab but was detected in a CSF.•This case warns the physicians of patients who have CNS symptoms.
Novel coronavirus (SARS-Coronavirus-2:SARS-CoV-2) which emerged in Wuhan, China, has spread to multiple countries rapidly. We report the first case of meningitis associated with SARS-CoV-2 who was brought in by ambulance due to a convulsion accompanied by unconsciousness. He had never been to any foreign countries. He felt generalized fatigue and fever (day 1). He saw doctors nearby twice (day 2 and 5) and was prescribed Laninamivir and antipyretic agents, His family visited his home and found that he was unconsciousness and lying on the floor in his vomit. He was immediately transported to this hospital by ambulance (day 9). Under emergency transport, he had transient generalized seizures that lasted about a minute. He had obvious neck stiffness. The specific SARS-CoV-2 RNA was not detected in the nasopharyngeal swab but was detected in a CSF. Anti- HSV 1 and varicella-zoster IgM antibodies were not detected in serum samples. A brain MRI showed hyperintensity along the wall of right lateral ventricle and hyperintense signal changes in the right mesial temporal lobe and hippocampus, suggesting the possibility of SARS-CoV-2 meningitis. This case warns the physicians of patients who have CNS symptoms.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
To elucidate the association between medial meniscus extrusion measured on ultrasonography (MME
) and the prevalence of medial meniscus posterior root tear detected on magnetic resonance imaging ...(MMPRT
). We recruited 127 patients (135 knees; 90 females; mean age: 64.4 ± 8.7 years old; mean BMI: 25.5 ± 3.4 kg/m
) in this cross-sectional study. All participants had medial knee pain without a knee trauma or surgery history. Knee osteoarthritis (KOA) severity was evaluated using Kellgren-Lawrence grade (KLG) scores. Patients with KLG scores 0-1 and ≥ 2 were classified in non-radiographic (non-ROA) and radiographic KOA (ROA) groups, respectively. MME
was measured with patients in the supine position. Based on fat-suppressed T2-weighted images, MMPRT
was defined as the presence of "Ghost meniscus sign" and "Cleft/truncation sign", indicating an abnormal high signal intensity of a completely disrupted posterior root. MME
was compared between MMPRT+ and MMPRT- patients using a non-paired t-test. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were used to determine the optimal cut-off MME
to predict MMPRT+. The prevalence of MMPRT+ was 31.3% (25/80 knees) and 29.1% (16/55 knees) in the non-ROA and ROA groups. The MME
of MMPRT+ patients were significantly greater than that of MMPRT- patients in both the non-ROA (5.9 ± 1.4 mm vs. 4.4 ± 1.0 mm, P < 0.001) and ROA (7.8 ± 1.3 mm vs. 6.3 ± 1.3 mm, P < 0.001) groups. ROC curves demonstrated that 5-mm and 7-mm MME
were the optimal cut-off values in non-ROA (adjusted odds ratio: 6.280; area under the curve AUC: 0.809; P < 0.001) and ROA (adjusted odds ratio: 15.003; AUC: 0.797; P = 0.001) groups. In both early non-radiographic and established radiographic KOA stages, a greater MME
was associated with a higher MMPRT
prevalence.
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IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
Abstract
We have studied current induced magnetization switching in W/CoFeB/MgO based three terminal magnetic tunnel junctions. The switching driven by spin—orbit torque (SOT) is evaluated in the ...so-called type-Y structure, in which the magnetic easy-axis of the CoFeB layer lies in the film plane and is orthogonal to the current flow. The effective spin Hall angle estimated from the bias field dependence of critical current (
I
c
) is ~ 0.07. The field and current dependence of the switching probability are studied. The field and DC current induced switching can be described using a model based on thermally assisted magnetization switching. In contrast, the 50 ns long pulse current dependence of the switching probability shows significant deviation from the model, even if contribution from the field-like torque is included. The deviation is particularly evident when the threshold switching current is larger. These results show that conventional thermally assisted magnetization switching model cannot be used to describe SOT induced switching using short current pulses.
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IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
We report on the first demonstration of generating a spin current and spin transport in a highly doped Si channel at room temperature (RT) using a four-terminal lateral device with a spin injector ...and a detector consisting of an Fe/MgO tunnel barrier. Spin current was generated using a nonlocal technique, and spin injection signals and Hanle-type spin precession were successfully detected at 300 K, thus proving spin injection with the elimination of spurious signals. The spin diffusion length and its lifetime at RT were estimated to be 0.6 μm and 1.3 ns by the Hanle-type spin precession, respectively.
This retrospective cross-sectional study investigated the association between bone marrow lesions (BMLs) and bone mineral density (BMD) in the proximal tibia of end-stage osteoarthritic knees from a ...large patient sample. Overall, 1308 end-stage osteoarthritic knees were enrolled before total knee arthroplasty. The preoperative range of motion was recorded. Bone mineral density in the medial tibial plateau (MTP), lateral tibial plateau (LTP), and metaphysis were measured using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. The MTP/LTP, MTP/metaphysis, and LTP/metaphysis ratios were calculated. BMLs were scored using a whole-organ magnetic resonance imaging scoring system. The relationship between BMD and BML scores was investigated using linear regression analysis. The highest BMD was 0.787 ± 0.176 g/cm
at the MTP, followed by 0.676 ± 0.180 g/cm
and 0.572 ± 0.145 g/cm
at the metaphysis and LTP, respectively. The prevalence of BMLs was 90.4% and 24.2% in the MTP and LTP, respectively. In women, higher BML scores at the MTP were positively correlated with the BMD of the MTP (p < 0.001, r = 0.278), MTP/LTP (p < 0.001, r = 0.267), and MTP/metaphysis ratios (p < 0.001, r = 0.243). Regression analysis showed that higher BML scores in the MTP were correlated with higher BMD in the MTP (p < 0.001) and lower BMD in the LTP (p < 0.001). High BML scores in the MTP were positively associated with high BMD in the MTP, which also induced the medial to lateral imbalance of BMD in the proximal tibia.
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IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
Coronavirus disease 2019 is diagnosed based on the detection of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) RNA in nasopharyngeal swabs or saliva samples using reverse-transcription ...quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Nasopharyngeal swabs should be collected by medical professionals who are covered with full personal protective equipment (PPE), while saliva samples can be collected by patients themselves without any PPE. However, collecting saliva is difficult for people who are unable to follow instructions, including infants or unconscious patients. Owing to the high viscosity of saliva, special attention is required to handle saliva samples in laboratories. To solve these problems, we compared lingual and buccal mucosal swabs (oral swabs) with nasopharyngeal swabs and saliva samples. Among 13 patients who had a positive result for SARS-CoV-2 RNA in their nasopharyngeal swabs, 8 and 10 patients had a positive result for SARS-CoV-2 RNA in their saliva (concordance rate, 61.5%) and oral swabs (76.9%), respectively. Among the eight patients with a positive result for SARS-CoV-2 RNA in saliva, seven (87.5%) had SARS-CoV-2 detected in their oral swabs. We could not obtain saliva samples from four patients, but we found perfect concordance of SARS-CoV-2 positivity between the nasopharyngeal and oral swabs. Therefore, oral swabs can be used for SARS-CoV-2 RNA detection.
The single-joint hybrid assistive limb (HAL-SJ), an exoskeletal robotic suit, offers functional improvement. In this prospective randomized controlled trial, we investigated the therapeutic effects ...of knee extension exercises using the HAL-SJ after total knee arthroplasty (TKA). Seventy-six patients with knee osteoarthritis were randomly assigned to HAL-SJ or conventional physical therapy (CPT) groups. The HAL-SJ group underwent exercise using the HAL-SJ for 10 days postoperatively, in addition to CPT; the CPT group underwent only CPT. Pain intensity and active and passive knee extension angles were evaluated preoperatively and on postoperative days 1-10 and weeks 2 and 4. Performance tests and Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Scores (KOOS) were evaluated preoperatively and at postoperative weeks 2 and 4. Statistical analysis showed that the HAL-SJ group significantly improved active and passive knee extension angles compared with the CPT group. The HAL-SJ group showed immediate improvement in active knee extension angle through day 5. There were no significant differences in results between the performance tests and KOOS. Knee extension exercises with the HAL-SJ improved knee pain and the angle of extension in the acute phase after TKA.
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IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
Japan's so-called 'peace constitution' renounces war as a sovereign right of the nation, and bans the nation from possessing any war potential. Yet Japan also maintains a large, world-class military ...organization, namely the Self-Defence Forces (SDF). In this book, Tomoyuki Sasaki explores how the SDF enlisted popular support from civil society and how civil society responded to the growth of the SDF. Japan's Postwar Military and Civil Society details the interactions between the SDF and civil society over four decades, from the launch of rearmament in 1950. These interactions include recruitment, civil engineering, disaster relief, anti-SDF litigation, state financial support for communities with bases, and a fear-mongering campaign against the Soviet Union. By examining these wide-range issues, the book demonstrates how the militarization of society advanced as the SDF consolidated its ideological and socio-economic ties with civil society and its role as a defender of popular welfare. While postwar Japan is often depicted as a peaceful society, this book challenges such a view, and illuminates the prominent presence of the military in people's everyday lives.
We describe in detail possible large submarine landslides, several tens of kilometers in length and width, on the trench landward slope of the Japan Trench on the basis of high‐resolution topographic ...surveys and detailed seafloor observations. These slides stopped at the toe of the trench slope. After initial movement of the toe along a basal decollement or thrust of the trench landward slope wedge during an earthquake, the basal frictional condition(s) might change drastically from static to dynamic, thus reducing the frictional strength. As a result, rapid submarine landsliding push downward on the toe, generating large horizontal displacements for tsunamis. This hypothesis should explain suitably the relation between large displacement of the thrust fault and tsunami generation by the 2011 Tohoku earthquake as well as tsunami generation by the 1896 Tohoku earthquake.
Key Points
Tsunamis during the 1897 Meiji Sanriku Eq were excited by slump
The tsunami source was neighboring to that of the 2011 Tohoku earthquake
In general, rupture (tsunami) mechanism in neighboring area should be similar
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FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
Particle swarm optimization (PSO) is a swarm intelligence algorithm and has good search performance and simplicity in implementation. Because of its properties, PSO has been applied to various ...optimization problems. However, the search performance of the classical PSO (CPSO) depends on reference frame of solution spaces for each objective function. CPSO is an invariant algorithm through translation and scale changes to reference frame of solution spaces but is a rotationally variant algorithm. As such, the search performance of CPSO is worse in solving rotated problems than in solving non-rotated problems. In the reference frame invariance, the search performance of an optimization algorithm is independent on rotation, translation, or scale changes to reference frame of solution spaces, which is a property of preferred optimization algorithms. In our previous study, piecewise-linear particle swarm optimizer (PPSO) has been proposed, which is effective in solving rotated problems. Because PPSO particles can move in solution spaces freely without depending on the coordinate systems, PPSO algorithm may have rotational invariance. However, theoretical analysis of reference frame invariance of PPSO has not been done. In addition, although behavior of each particle depends on PPSO parameters, good parameter conditions in solving various optimization problems have not been sufficiently clarified. In this paper, we analyze the reference frame invariance of PPSO theoretically, and investigated whether or not PPSO is invariant under reference frame alteration. We clarify that control parameters of PPSO which affect movement of each particle and performance of PPSO through numerical simulations.
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