We present the first public data release (DR1) of the Calar Alto Legacy Integral Field Area (CALIFA) survey. It consists of science-grade optical datacubes for the first 100 of eventually 600 nearby ...galaxies, obtained with the integral-field spectrograph PMAS/PPak mounted on the 3.5 m telescope at the Calar Alto observatory. The galaxies in DR1 already cover a wide range of properties in color-magnitude space, morphological type, stellar mass, and gas ionization conditions. Two different spectral setups are available for each galaxy, (i) a low-resolution V500 setup covering the nominal wavelength range 3745-7500 Angstrom with a spectral resolution of 6.0 Angstrom (FWHM), and (ii) a medium-resolution V1200 setup covering the nominal wavelength range 3650-4840 Angstrom with a spectral resolution of 2.3 Angstrom (FWHM). We present the characteristics and data structure of the CALIFA datasets that should be taken into account for scientific exploitation of the data, in particular the effects of vignetting, bad pixels and spatially correlated noise.
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We introduce an observable for reading out a which-way detector in a Young-type interferometer whose eigenstates either contain full which-way information or none at all. We calculate the which-way ...knowledge K that can be retrieved from this observable and find that K depends on the phase difference d that the interfering quantum object accumulates on its passage through the interferometer. It turns out that for certain phase shifts K (d) equals one, independent of the visibility of the interference pattern. In addition, within a certain range of phase shifts K (d) can be larger than the which-way information obtained from the observable recognized to provide optimal which-way information on average.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK
Numerous wine cooperatives exclude partial delivery by a strict and unexceptional full delivery obligation. However, in practice, some well-known representatives of the German wine cooperative ...system, such as Moselland eG, successfully follow the partial delivery procedure. In addition, cooperative members use various measures in practice to avoid the full delivery obligation, e.g. through the legal division or splitting of the member companies. Nevertheless, the procedure is currently barely investigated and researched, and since neither the DRV nor the auditing cooperative associations carry out surveys on the partial delivery, it is not possible to determine the exact significance of this for the German winegrowers’ cooperative system (Jung, 2016). Due to the current situation with regard to partial delivery in the German wine cooperative system, the aim of this paper is to present the concept of partial delivery and to discuss challenges for the cooperative system.
Drowning Schilling, U M; Bortolin, M
Minerva anestesiologica
78, Issue:
1
Journal Article
Approximately 500,000 deaths due to drowning are reported annually, 30,000 of which are reported in Europe. Because of the relatively low incidence of drowning victims at emergency departments, most ...emergency physicians do not routinely handle drowning victims. Although confusion regarding the classification and pathophysiology of drowning could be reduced by following the Utstein style consensus, the application of therapeutic modalities and, most important, the estimation of probable prognostic outcomes remain difficult for emergency physicians. This article presents an overview of the classification, pathophysiology, emergency-department treatment and prognostic outcomes of drowning accidents.
Ideology and Polarization Among Women State Legislators Osborn, Tracy; Kreitzer, Rebecca J.; Schilling, Emily U. ...
Legislative studies quarterly,
November 2019, 2019-11-00, 20191101, Volume:
44, Issue:
4
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
In early work on women in Congress, scholars consistently identified a tendency among women legislators to be more liberal roll‐call voters than male copartisans. Recent changes in Congress point to ...the polarization of women, where Democratic women remain more liberal than Democratic men but Republican women are no different from, or more conservative than, Republican men. We use newly available state legislative roll‐call data to determine whether women state legislators are more liberal or polarized than male copartisans. We find that while Democratic women state legislators remain consistently more liberal than male copartisans in most state chambers, Republican women legislators are growing more conservative. Thus, women state legislators are increasingly polarized in most U.S. states. Legislator replacement and increasing polarization among state legislators in office contribute to this effect. We argue that polarization among women legislators has implications for the representation of women in the states.
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BFBNIB, FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, ODKLJ, OILJ, PRFLJ, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
In 2009, the New Hampshire Senate became the first chamber in the United States where a majority of the legislators were women. In this article, we test whether a female majority changed the agenda ...content and behavior of legislators in the 2009-2010 session. We compare bill sponsorship and co-sponsorship in the majority woman session to three other sessions of the chamber. We find that the content of the legislative agenda did not change significantly under a female majority; however, women legislators did co-sponsor each other's bills more often in the majority women session. Our results suggest that partisanship rather than gender drives legislators' behavior under a female majority.
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The series is devoted to the publication of monographs and high-level textbooks in mathematics, mathematical methods and their applications. Apart from covering important areas of current interest, a ...major aim is to make topics of an interdisciplinary nature accessible to the non-specialist. The works in this series are addressed to advanced students and researchers in mathematics and theoretical physics. In addition, it can serve as a guide for lectures and seminars on a graduate level. The series de Gruyter Studies in Mathematics was founded ca. 30 years ago by the late Professor Heinz Bauer and Professor Peter Gabriel with the aim to establish a series of monographs and textbooks of high standard, written by scholars with an international reputation presenting current fields of research in pure and applied mathematics. While the editorial board of the Studies has changed with the years, the aspirations of the Studies are unchanged. In times of rapid growth of mathematical knowledge carefully written monographs and textbooks written by experts are needed more than ever, not least to pave the way for the next generation of mathematicians. In this sense the editorial board and the publisher of the Studies are devoted to continue the Studies as a service to the mathematical community. Please submit any book proposals to Niels Jacob.
The direct initiative process, often referred to as a gun behind the door, provides an incentive for legislators to pass legislation more in line with voters' wishes. Concomitantly, legislative ...procedures such as the filibuster and executive veto often impede the ability of the legislature to pass policies. We explore the tension between these two forces by incorporating legislative procedures and initiative proposal into a spatial model of the policymaking process. We find that the ability to propose initiatives sometimes breaks legislative gridlock, but that other times pivotal players may prefer the initiative outcome and therefore prevent the legislature from preempting a ballot measure. In particular, we show that initiative use increases with the distance between pivotal actors and the median voter. An empirical analysis of initiative use in the American states provides support for this prediction.
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BFBNIB, INZLJ, NMLJ, NUK, ODKLJ, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, ZRSKP
Aims.
We analyze a MUSE optical integral field spectrum of the star-forming edge-on galaxy IC 1553 in order to study its extraplanar diffuse ionized gas (eDIG) and the processes shaping its disk-halo ...interface.
Methods.
We extracted the optical emission line properties from the integral field spectrum and generated the commonly used emission line diagnostic diagrams in order to analyze the ionization conditions and the distribution of the eDIG. Furthermore, we performed gravitational potential fitting to investigate the kinematics of a suspected galactic outflow.
Results.
We find that the eDIG scale height has a maximum value of approximately 1.0 kpc and decreases roughly linearly with the radial distance from the galactic center in projection. The ionization state of the eDIG is not consistent with a pure photoionization scenario and instead requires a significant contribution from shock ionization. This, in addition to the gas kinematics, strongly suggests the presence of a galactic scale outflow, the origin of which lies at least 1.4 kpc away from the galactic center. The inferred shock velocity in the eDIG of approximately 225 km s
−1
is comparable to the escape velocity estimated from our potential modelling. The asymmetric distribution of currently star-forming clusters produces a range of different ionization conditions in the eDIG. As a result, the vertical emission line profiles vary quantitatively and qualitatively along the major axis of the galaxy. This analysis illustrates that it is crucial in studies of the eDIG to use observations that take the spatial and kinematical distributions into account, such as those done with integral field units, to form an accurate picture of the relevant physical properties.
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