'At last, the past has arrived! Performing Remains is Rebecca Schneider's authoritative statement on a major topic of interest to the field of theatre and performance studies. It extends and ...consolidates her pioneering contributions to the field through its interdisciplinary method, vivid writing, and stimulating polemic. Performing Remains has been eagerly awaited, and will be appreciated now and in the future for its rigorous investigations into the aesthetic and political potential of reenactments.' - Tavia Nyong'o, Tisch School of the Arts, New York University
'I have often wondered where the big, important, paradigm-changing book about re-enactment is: Schneider's book seems to me to be that book. Her work is challenging, thoughtful and innovative and will set the agenda for study in a number of areas for the next decade.' - Jerome de Groot, University of Manchester
Performing Remains is a dazzling new study exploring the role of the fake, the false and the faux in contemporary performance. Rebecca Schneider argues passionately that performance can be engaged as what remains, rather than what disappears.
Across seven essays, Schneider presents a forensic and unique examination of both contemporary and historical performance, drawing on a variety of elucidating sources including the "America" plays of Linda Mussmann and Suzan-Lori Parks, performances of Marina Abramovic´ and Allison Smith, and the continued popular appeal of Civil War reenactments. Performing Remains questions the importance of representation throughout history and today, while boldly reassessing the ritual value of failure to recapture the past and recreate the "original."
This essay explores variant stories surrounding the 1803 'Igbo Landing' on St. Simons Island, Georgia, in which a group of enslaved Africans mutinied against their captors and ran aground upon a ...shoal. Following Tiffany Lethabo King and other scholars of Black feminist thought, the essay explores not only the littoral fact of shoals in seafaring but also the concept of shoaling for troubling historical narratives oriented to settler colonial plot points. Following island studies scholar Jonathan Pugh, the essay asks what thinking with performance and the concept of liminality might offer attempts to account for sand, drift, and, in this case, accounts of Africans who fly. The essay also tells a story of its own regarding the author's attempt to approach the historical site of Igbo Landing by sea. An example of performative writing, the essay does not so much launch and unpack a singular argument as it explores the littoral zones among and between ideas, stories, arguments, facts, and fabulations in relation.
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DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, ODKLJ, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Learning progressions are the successively more sophisticated ways of thinking about an idea that follow one another over a broad span of time. This review examines the research on science teachers' ...pedagogical content knowledge (PCK) in order to refine ideas about science teacher learning progressions and how to support them. Research published between 1986 and 2010 relevant to science teacher learning and PCK was examined for what ways teachers ' knowledge becomes more developed and what appears to be the sequence. Analysis indicates that it is helpful for teachers to think about learners first, then to focus on teaching, and points out the essential role of reflection for teachers to rearrange their ideas in ways that develop their PCK. This review takes a unique approach to thinking about research on what science teachers learn and can support teacher educators in designing professional programs that support beginning and advanced learning for science teachers.
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BFBNIB, NMLJ, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
We found that HBEC expressed the IL-5 receptor, which triggered intracellular signaling and changed gene expression. This data indicate that in addition to targeting eosinophils, IL-5 and anti-IL-5 ...biologics may have a direct role on AEC.
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BFBNIB, FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
Vitamin D has been linked to reduced risk of viral respiratory illness. We hypothesized that vitamin D could directly reduce rhinovirus (RV) replication in airway epithelium. Primary human bronchial ...epithelial cells (hBEC) were treated with vitamin D, and RV replication and gene expression were evaluated by quantitative PCR. Cytokine/chemokine secretion was measured by ELISA, and transepithelial resistance (TER) was determined using a voltohmmeter. Morphology was examined using immunohistochemistry. Vitamin D supplementation had no significant effects on RV replication, but potentiated secretion of CXCL8 and CXCL10 from infected or uninfected cells. Treatment with vitamin D in the form of 1,25(OH)2D caused significant changes in cell morphology, including thickening of the cell layers (median of 46.5 µm 35.0-69.0 vs. 30 µm 24.5-34.2, p<0.01) and proliferation of cytokeratin-5-expressing cells, as demonstrated by immunohistochemical analysis. Similar effects were seen for 25(OH)D. In addition to altering morphology, higher concentrations of vitamin D significantly upregulated small proline-rich protein (SPRR1β) expression (6.3 fold-induction, p<0.01), suggestive of squamous metaplasia. Vitamin D treatment of hBECs did not alter repair of mechanically induced wounds. Collectively, these findings indicate that vitamin D does not directly affect RV replication in airway epithelial cells, but can influence chemokine synthesis and alters the growth and differentiation of airway epithelial cells.
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DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
The aim of this review was to synthesize findings for moderators of treatment outcome across adult anxiety disorders, obsessive–compulsive disorder, and posttraumatic stress disorder.
Twenty-four ...papers that compared two or more active treatments (at least one of which was a form of cognitive behavioral therapy CBT) were identified and organized into five treatment comparison categories (distinct psychotherapy combinations, CBT full package vs. single components, CBT vs. augmented CBT, CBT delivery methods, and CBT vs. pharmacotherapy). Sixty-three distinct baseline moderators were tested across seven categories (symptom severity, comorbid emotional disorders or emotional reactivity, cognitive maintenance factors, behavioral maintenance factors, personality traits and disorders, sociodemographic factors, and biological factors).
Few consistent treatment moderators were identified. All studies testing quadratic effects found at least one significant non-linear moderator or predictor effect. In addition, the majority of studies had methodological problems and limitations, demonstrating the need for future methodological improvements.
Limited conclusions can be drawn about how to match anxiety disorder patients to treatment. A strong need to improve the methodological consistency and rigor of treatment moderator studies was identified. A series of recommendations for moderation analyses are proposed in order to strengthen future studies and facilitate replication efforts.
•We synthesize findings examining moderators of treatment outcome in anxiety.•Limited consistent moderators were identified.•Statistical and sample size quality ratings were assigned to each study.•Steps for improving future moderation analyses are proposed.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK
Background Epidemiologic studies provide evidence of differential virulence of rhinovirus species (RV). We recently reported that RV-A and RV-C induced more severe illnesses than RV-B, which suggests ...that the biology of RV-B might be different from RV-A or RV-C. Objective To test the hypothesis that RV-B has lower replication and induces lesser cytokine responses than RV-A or RV-C. Methods We cloned full-length cDNA of RV-A16, A36, B52, B72, C2, C15, and C41 from clinical samples and grew clinical isolates of RV-A7 and RV-B6 in cultured cells. Sinus epithelial cells were differentiated at the air-liquid interface. We tested for differences in viral replication in epithelial cells after infection with purified viruses (108 RNA copies) and measured virus load by quantitative RT-PCR. We measured lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) concentration as a marker of cellular cytotoxicity, and cytokine and/or chemokine secretion by multiplex ELISA. Results At 24 hours after infection, the virus load of RV-B (RV-B52, RV-B72, or RV-B6) in adherent cells was lower than that of RV-A or RV-C. The growth kinetics of infection indicated that RV-B types replicate more slowly. Furthermore, RV-B released less LDH than RV-A or RV-C, and induced lower levels of cytokines and chemokines such as CXCL10, even after correction for viral replication. RV-B replicates to lower levels also in primary bronchial epithelial cells. Conclusions Our results indicate that RV-B types have lower and slower replication, and lower cellular cytotoxicity and cytokine and/or chemokine production compared with RV-A or RV-C. These characteristics may contribute to reduced severity of illnesses that has been observed with RV-B infections.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK
Exposure therapy represents the gold-standard treatment for social anxiety, yet evidence indicates the need for improvement. One promising avenue involves linking exposures to a motivator. The ...current study examined the impact of intrinsically-rewarding, personal values-enhanced versus extrinsically-rewarding, monetary-enhanced exposure on short-term social anxiety fear and avoidance outcomes, and evaluated impacted initial treatment motivation and exposure generalization.
Sixty emerging adults ages 17–26 with significantly elevated social and public speaking anxiety were randomized to receive values-enhanced exposure, monetary reward-enhanced exposure, or exposure alone. They completed a laboratory session with a brief intervention and speech exposure, one-week follow-up with novel exposure, and online follow-up two weeks later. Subjective and behavioral anxiety measures were collected.
Linking exposures to values decreased self-reported anxiety following the speech exposure retest, which generalized to anticipatory anxiety prior to a novel speech task. Linking exposures to money temporarily increased speech length, but this difference did not remain during the novel task. Conditions showed similar improvements on other outcomes.
Extrinsic motivators can temporarily motivate exposure engagement, whereas a brief values intervention can enhance exposure learning and decrease subjective anxiety across feared situations compared to monetary enhancement. If replicated, this has pragmatic implications for exposure framing within social anxiety treatment.
•Not all patients respond to exposure therapy for social anxiety disorder.•Linking exposures to an intrinsic or extrinsic motivator may improve outcomes.•Values-enhanced exposure decreased anxiety across speech tasks.•Monetary reward-enhanced exposure temporarily increased speech length.•Extrinsic motivators may help initiate change; intrinsic motivators may reduce fear.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
Abstract Freshwater lakes are severely threatened, due largely to excess inputs of nutrients and other contaminants. Phosphorus (P) is receiving renewed attention due to recent increases in toxic ...cyanobacteria blooms in lakes worldwide. We investigated groundwater seepage for its role in P loading dynamics at Oneida Lake, New York, USA—one of the most well-studied lakes globally. P loading was measured at representative sites along the 88 km shoreline over three summers by directly measuring groundwater flow using seepage meters and porewater samplers. Groundwater seepage was a continuous and significant source of dissolved P over the summer months, comparable to tributary sources to the lake during that time. This constant input has enriched the concentrations of P in the nearshore surface waters, significantly above levels in the pelagic zone. Pore Total Phosphorus (TP) concentrations and loads reached extremely high values (up to 100 mg/L), with inorganic P representing only ~ 10% of TP per site. Groundwater seepage flows and P loadings were highly variable across space and time, partially explained by adjacent land uses and precipitation. Our research concludes that groundwater seepage is a significant, but overlooked, source of dissolved P and a crucial factor driving summer primary production at Oneida Lake, and likely other temperate lakes.
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IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
Abstract In this review, we examine common usage of the term “third wave” in the scientific literature, systematically review published meta-analyses of identified “third wave” therapies, and ...consider the implications and options for the use of “third wave” as a metaphor to describe the nature of and relationships among cognitive and behavioral therapies. We demonstrate that the “third wave” term has grown in its use over time, that it is commonly linked with specific therapies, and that the majority of such therapies have amassed a compelling evidence base attesting to their clinical and public health value. We also consider the extent to which the “third wave” designation is an effective guide for the future, and we encourage scientific inquiry and self-reflection among those concerned with cognitive and behavioral therapies and the scientific basis of psychotherapy more broadly.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZRSKP
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