Clozapine Intoxication in COVID-19 Tio, Niels; Schulte, Peter F.J; Martens, Harrie J.M
The American journal of psychiatry,
02/2021, Volume:
178, Issue:
2
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
Clozapine is regarded as a very effective antipsychotic. Here, a case of a 46-year-old Caucasian nonsmoker, who lives at an institution for people with intellectual disabilities, is presented. He is ...known to have a severe intellectual disability of unknown cause as well as schizophrenia, for which he takes 200 mg of clozapine twice daily.
We report on a search for weakly interacting massive particles (WIMPs) using 278.8 days of data collected with the XENON1T experiment at LNGS. XENON1T utilizes a liquid xenon time projection chamber ...with a fiducial mass of (1.30±0.01) ton, resulting in a 1.0 ton yr exposure. The energy region of interest, 1.4,10.6 keV_{ee} (4.9,40.9 keV_{nr}), exhibits an ultralow electron recoil background rate of 82_{-3}^{+5}(syst)±3(stat) events/(ton yr keV_{ee}). No significant excess over background is found, and a profile likelihood analysis parametrized in spatial and energy dimensions excludes new parameter space for the WIMP-nucleon spin-independent elastic scatter cross section for WIMP masses above 6 GeV/c^{2}, with a minimum of 4.1×10^{-47} cm^{2} at 30 GeV/c^{2} and a 90% confidence level.
Full text
Available for:
CMK, CTK, FMFMET, IJS, NUK, PNG, UM
Lecture is prominent, but practices vary
A large body of evidence demonstrates that strategies that promote student interactions and cognitively engage students with content (
1
) lead to gains in ...learning and attitudinal outcomes for students in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) courses (
1
,
2
). Many educational and governmental bodies have called for and supported adoption of these student-centered strategies throughout the undergraduate STEM curriculum. But to the extent that we have pictures of the STEM undergraduate instructional landscape, it has mostly been provided through self-report surveys of faculty members, within a particular STEM discipline e.g., (
3
–
6
). Such surveys are prone to reliability threats and can underestimate the complexity of classroom environments, and few are implemented nationally to provide valid and reliable data (
7
). Reflecting the limited state of these data, a report from the U.S. National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine called for improved data collection to understand the use of evidence-based instructional practices (
8
). We report here a major step toward a characterization of STEM teaching practices in North American universities based on classroom observations from over 2000 classes taught by more than 500 STEM faculty members across 25 institutions.
Full text
Available for:
BFBNIB, NMLJ, NUK, ODKLJ, PNG, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
A novel directly coupled wind–electrodialysis system (wind–ED) with no energy storage was developed. The aim was to perform laboratory experiments, investigating the impact of wind speed (2–10m/s), ...turbulence intensities (0–0.6 TI), and periods of oscillation (0–180s) on desalination performance and energy consumption. The system produced good quality drinking water (<600mg/L NaCl) over the range of parameters tested. Water production and energy consumption increased with wind speed, until both parameters levelled off at wind speeds above the rated value of the wind turbine (vrated: 7.9–8.4m/s). The impact of wind speed fluctuations on system performance was insignificant up to a TI of 0.4 (i.e., moderate fluctuations). The water production declined under high turbulence intensity fluctuations (TIs≥0.5) and long periods of oscillation (>40s). The main challenge in direct coupling of ED to wind energy was not the magnitude of fluctuations but the impact of power cycling off during long periods of oscillation and lengthy periods of no wind. Interestingly, the specific energy consumption of the process remained relatively unaffected by the fluctuations, suggesting the system to be an electrically robust and reliable off-grid desalination technique for remote water stressed locations.
Display omitted
•Electrodialysis was, for first time, directly coupled with wind-energy.•Desalination rate was a function of the wind speed and ED stack resistance (Rstack).•Increased Rstack=higher rotor momentum and reduced sensitivity to fluctuations•Extreme wind fluctuations (TI≥0.4, oscillation≥40s) decreased water production.•Robust performance and unchanged SEC despite extreme wind fluctuations
Full text
Available for:
GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZRSKP
•In polysubstance users, mPFC volume is negatively related to total substances used.•In polysubstance users, thalami volume is negatively related to tobacco use.•In polysubstance users, vlPFC volume ...is negatively related to cocaine use.
Neuroimaging studies have demonstrated gray matter (GM) volume abnormalities in substance users. While the majority of substance users are polysubstance users, very little is known about the relation between GM volume abnormalities and polysubstance use.
In this study we assessed the relation between GM volume, and the use of alcohol, tobacco, cocaine and cannabis as well as the total number of substances used, in a sample of 169 males: 15 non-substance users, 89 moderate drinkers, 27 moderate drinkers who also smoke tobacco, 13 moderate drinkers who also smoke tobacco and use cocaine, 10 heavy drinkers who smoke tobacco and use cocaine and 15 heavy drinkers who smoke tobacco, cannabis and use cocaine.
Regression analyses showed that there was a negative relation between the number of substances used and volume of the dorsal medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) and the ventral mPFC. Without controlling for the use of other substances, the volume of the dorsal mPFC was negatively associated with the use of alcohol, tobacco, and cocaine. After controlling for the use of other substances, a negative relation was found between tobacco and cocaine and volume of the thalami and ventrolateral PFC, respectively.
These findings indicate that mPFC alterations may not be substance-specific, but rather related to the number of substances used, whereas, thalamic and ventrolateral PFC pathology is specifically associated with tobacco and cocaine use, respectively. These findings are important, as the differential alterations in GM volume may underlie different cognitive deficits associated with substance use disorders.
Full text
Available for:
GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZRSKP
We report results of a search for light (≲10 GeV) particle dark matter with the XENON10 detector. The event trigger was sensitive to a single electron, with the analysis threshold of 5 electrons ...corresponding to 1.4 keV nuclear recoil energy. Considering spin-independent dark matter-nucleon scattering, we exclude cross sections σ(n)>7×10(-42) cm(2), for a dark matter particle mass m(χ)=7 GeV. We find that our data strongly constrain recent elastic dark matter interpretations of excess low-energy events observed by CoGeNT and CRESST-II, as well as the DAMA annual modulation signal.
Full text
Available for:
CMK, CTK, FMFMET, IJS, NUK, PNG, UM
Induction of trained immunity by Bacille-Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccination mediates beneficial heterologous effects, but the mechanisms underlying its persistence and magnitude remain elusive. In ...this study, we show that BCG vaccination in healthy human volunteers induces a persistent transcriptional program connected to myeloid cell development and function within the hematopoietic stem and progenitor cell (HSPC) compartment in the bone marrow. We identify hepatic nuclear factor (HNF) family members 1a and b as crucial regulators of this transcriptional shift. These findings are corroborated by higher granulocyte numbers in BCG-vaccinated infants, HNF1 SNP variants that correlate with trained immunity, and elevated serum concentrations of the HNF1 target alpha-1 antitrypsin. Additionally, transcriptomic HSPC remodeling was epigenetically conveyed to peripheral CD14+ monocytes, displaying an activated transcriptional signature three months after BCG vaccination. Taken together, transcriptomic, epigenomic, and functional reprogramming of HSPCs and peripheral monocytes is a hallmark of BCG-induced trained immunity in humans.
Display omitted
•Human BCG vaccination induces a persistent innate immune training of CD14+ monocytes•BCG vaccination imprints a persistent transcriptomic myeloid bias on human HSPCs•Hepatic nuclear factors are regulators of BCG-induced trained immunity in HSPCs•BCG induces persistent epigenetic changes in peripheral CD14+ monocytes
Cirovic and de Bree et al. investigate the effects of BCG vaccination in humans and reveal the induction of a transcriptomic rewiring of human stem and progenitor cells toward the myeloid cell lineage, instructed by hepatic nuclear factors, resulting in epigenetic and functional changes within CD14+ peripheral monocytes.
Full text
Available for:
GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
Abstract Background Patients with familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) are characterized by elevated atherogenic lipoprotein particles, predominantly low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), which ...is associated with accelerated atherogenesis and increased cardiovascular risk. Objectives This study used18 F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (18 FDG-PET) to investigate whether arterial inflammation is higher in patients with FH and, moreover, whether lipoprotein apheresis attenuates arterial wall inflammation in FH patients. Methods In total, 38 subjects were recruited: 24 FH patients and 14 normolipidemic controls. All subjects underwent FDG-PET imaging at baseline. Twelve FH patients who met the criteria for lipoprotein apheresis underwent apheresis procedures followed by a second FDG-PET imaging 3 days (range 1 to 4 days) after apheresis. Subsequently, the target-to-background ratio (TBR) of FDG uptake within the arterial wall was assessed. Results In FH patients, the mean arterial TBR was higher compared with healthy controls (2.12 ± 0.27 vs. 1.92 ± 0.19; p = 0.03). A significant correlation was observed between baseline arterial TBR and LDL-C (R = 0.37; p = 0.03) that remained significant after adjusting for statin use (β = 0.001; p = 0.02) and atherosclerosis risk factors (β = 0.001; p = 0.03). LDL-C levels were significantly reduced after lipoprotein apheresis (284 ± 118 mg/dl vs. 127 ± 50 mg/dl; p < 0.001). There was a significant reduction of arterial inflammation after lipoprotein apheresis (TBR: 2.05 ± 0.31 vs. 1.91 ± 0.33; p < 0.02). Conclusions The arterial wall of FH patients is characterized by increased inflammation, which is markedly reduced after lipoprotein apheresis. This lends support to a causal role of apoprotein B–containing lipoproteins in arterial wall inflammation and supports the concept that lipoprotein-lowering therapies may impart anti-inflammatory effects by reducing atherogenic lipoproteins.
Full text
Available for:
GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
Schizophrenia is associated with lower intelligence and poor educational performance relative to the general population. This is, to a lesser degree, also found in first-degree relatives of ...schizophrenia patients. It is unclear whether bipolar disorder I (BD-I) patients and their relatives have similar lower intellectual and educational performance as that observed in schizophrenia.
This cross-sectional study investigated intelligence and educational performance in two outpatient samples 494 BD-I patients, 952 schizophrenia spectrum (SCZ) patients, 2231 relatives of BD-I and SCZ patients, 1104 healthy controls and 100 control siblings. Mixed-effects and regression models were used to compare groups on intelligence and educational performance.
BD-I patients were more likely to have completed the highest level of education (odds ratio 1.88, 95% confidence interval 1.66-2.70) despite having a lower IQ compared to controls (β = -9.09, S.E. = 1.27, p < 0.001). In contrast, SCZ patients showed both a lower IQ (β = -15.31, S.E. = 0.86, p < 0.001) and lower educational levels compared to controls. Siblings of both patient groups had significantly lower IQ than control siblings, but did not differ on educational performance. IQ scores did not differ between BD-I parents and SCZ parents, but BD-I parents had completed higher educational levels.
Although BD-I patients had a lower IQ than controls, they were more likely to have completed the highest level of education. This contrasts with SCZ patients, who showed both intellectual and educational deficits compared to healthy controls. Since relatives of BD-I patients did not demonstrate superior educational performance, our data suggest that high educational performance may be a distinctive feature of bipolar disorder patients.
The XENON10 experiment at the Gran Sasso National Laboratory uses a 15 kg xenon dual phase time projection chamber to search for dark matter weakly interacting massive particles (WIMPs). The detector ...measures simultaneously the scintillation and the ionization produced by radiation in pure liquid xenon to discriminate signal from background down to 4.5 keV nuclear-recoil energy. A blind analysis of 58.6 live days of data, acquired between October 6, 2006, and February 14, 2007, and using a fiducial mass of 5.4 kg, excludes previously unexplored parameter space, setting a new 90% C.L. upper limit for the WIMP-nucleon spin-independent cross section of 8.8x10(-44) cm2 for a WIMP mass of 100 GeV/c2, and 4.5x10(-44) cm2 for a WIMP mass of 30 GeV/c2. This result further constrains predictions of supersymmetric models.
Full text
Available for:
CMK, CTK, FMFMET, IJS, NUK, PNG, UM
PDF
