We present an algorithm for the derivation of Dyson–Schwinger equations of general theories that is suitable for an implementation within a symbolic programming language. Moreover, we introduce the ...Mathematica package DoDSE
1
which provides such an implementation. It derives the Dyson–Schwinger equations graphically once the interactions of the theory are specified. A few examples for the application of both the algorithm and the DoDSE package are provided.
Program title: DoDSE
Catalogue identifier: AECT_v1_0
Program summary URL:
http://cpc.cs.qub.ac.uk/summaries/AECT_v1_0.html
Program obtainable from: CPC Program Library, Queen's University, Belfast, N. Ireland
Licensing provisions: Standard CPC licence,
http://cpc.cs.qub.ac.uk/licence/licence.html
No. of lines in distributed program, including test data, etc.: 105 874
No. of bytes in distributed program, including test data, etc.: 262 446
Distribution format: tar.gz
Programming language: Mathematica 6 and higher
Computer: all on which Mathematica is available
Operating system: all on which Mathematica is available
Classification: 11.1, 11.4, 11.5, 11.6
Nature of problem: Derivation of Dyson–Schwinger equations for a theory with given interactions.
Solution method: Implementation of an algorithm for the derivation of Dyson–Schwinger equations.
Unusual features: The results can be plotted as Feynman diagrams in Mathematica.
Running time: Less than a second to minutes for Dyson–Schwinger equations of higher vertex functions.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK
Analytic solutions for the three-gluon and ghost–gluon vertices in Landau gauge Yang–Mills theory at low momenta are presented in terms of hypergeometric series. They do not only show the expected ...scaling behavior but also additional kinematic divergences when only one momentum goes to zero. These singularities, which have also been proposed previously, induce a strong dependence on the kinematics in many dressing functions. The results are generalized to two and three dimensions and a range of values for the ghost propagator’s infrared exponent
κ
.
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DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
1 James E. Garrette Eye Research Laboratory,
Department of Ophthalmology and
2 Department of
Anesthesiology, University of Virginia Health Sciences Center,
Charlottesville, Virginia 22903
A method ...for noninvasive measurement of Hb
O 2 saturation
(S O 2 ) in
retinal blood vessels by digital imaging was developed and tested.
Images of vessels were recorded at
O 2 -sensitive and
O 2 -insensitive wavelengths (600 and 569 nm, respectively) by using a modified fundus camera with an
image splitter coupled to an 18-bit digital camera. Retinal arterial
S O 2 was
varied experimentally by having subjects breathe mixtures of
O 2 and
N 2 while systemic arterial S O 2 was
monitored with a pulse oximeter. Optical densities (ODs) of vascular
segments were determined using a computer algorithm to track the path
of reflected light intensity along vessels. During graded hypoxia the
OD ratio (ODR = OD 600 /OD 569 )
bore an inverse linear relationship to systemic
S O 2 .
Compensation for the influence of choroidal pigmentation significantly
reduced variation in the arterial
S O 2
measurements among subjects. An O 2
sensitivity of 0.00504 ± 0.00029 (SE) ODR
units/%S O 2
was determined. Retinal venous
S O 2 at
normoxia was 55 ± 3.38% (SE). Breathing 100%
O 2 increased venous
S O 2 by
19.2 ± 2.9%. This technique, when combined with blood
flow studies in human subjects, will enable the study of retinal
O 2 utilization under experimental
and various disease conditions.
hemoglobin oxygen saturation; spectrophotometry
An improved method for extracting infrared exponents from functional equations is presented. The generalizations introduced allow for an analysis of quite complicated systems such as Yang–Mills ...theory in the maximally Abelian gauge. Assuming the absence of cancellations in the appropriately renormalized integrals the only consistent scaling solution yields an infrared enhanced diagonal gluon propagator in support of the Abelian dominance hypothesis. This is explicitly shown for
SU
(2) and subsequently verified for
SU
(
N
), where additional interactions exist. We also derive the most infrared divergent scaling solution possible for vertex functions in terms of the propagators’ infrared exponents. We provide general conditions for the existence of a scaling solution for a given system and comment on the cases of linear covariant gauges and ghost–anti-ghost symmetric gauges.
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DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Summary Three-dimensional capture of the surface of soft tissue is a desirable support for documentation and therapy planning in plastic and reconstructive surgery concerning the complex anatomy of ...the face, particularly cleft lip and palate (CLP). Different scanning systems are used for capturing facial surfaces. These systems are mostly based on a static linear measuring arrangement. Established systems work on the basis of coded white light or linear laser triangulation and digital stereophotogrammetric approaches. Shadowing effects occur with these devices. These effects may be avoided by a radical new approach first used in automotive industries that employs a mobile, flexible handheld laser scanner with simultaneous registration by optical tracking. The aim of this study was to assess the suitability of this scanner for surgical procedures on the human face in operating theatre. Five babies aged about 3 months with cleft deformities (one CLP, one bilateral CLP, three isolated cleft lips) were captured directly: twice preoperatively, twice postoperatively and twice after 7 days. An industrial standard specimen and two plaster cast masks of CLP babies were taken and subsequently measured to assess reliability and validity of the device. Masks were measured to reflect the complex surface of the cleft deformity. Data evaluation was done with respect to completeness of the data sets, as well as reliability and validity of the system. Missing data caused by shadowing could be avoided in all images. Even complex areas with undercuts could be reproduced completely and precisely with an accuracy in the sub-millimetre range.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK
CENTRAL vascular catheters are widely used in critically ill patients. They permit hemodynamic monitoring and allow access for the administration of fluids, blood products, medications, and total ...parenteral nutrition, but they also pose a hazard of serious infectious and mechanical complications. Bloodstream infection is a serious catheter-related complication with an estimated case fatality rate of 10 to 20 percent.
1
Single-lumen catheters maintained for parenteral nutrition by strict aseptic techniques have a low cumulative incidence of bacteremia, averaging 6 percent, and are not regarded as requiring routine replacement.
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5
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7
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Multilumen and pulmonary-artery catheters used for hemodynamic monitoring in critically ill patients may . . .
We highlight the progress, current status, and open challenges of QCD-driven physics, in theory and in experiment. We discuss how the strong interaction is intimately connected to a broad sweep of ...physical problems, in settings ranging from astrophysics and cosmology to strongly coupled, complex systems in particle and condensed-matter physics, as well as to searches for physics beyond the Standard Model. We also discuss how success in describing the strong interaction impacts other fields, and, in turn, how such subjects can impact studies of the strong interaction. In the course of the work we offer a perspective on the many research streams which flow into and out of QCD, as well as a vision for future developments.
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DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Abstract The evaluation of therapy concepts for children suffering from cleft palate is an enormous challenge in modern oral and maxillofacial surgery and related disciplines. In the present ...retrospective survey 1300 patients having clefts, including the soft palate, were studied with special regard to speech improvement operations. Nine hundred fifty four patients had a cleft lip, alveolus and palate and 346 patients only isolated cleft palate. In 25.6% of the patients it was necessary to perform a secondary velopharyngoplasty for speech improvement after soft palate closure. Age of the subjects at the time of operation, primary or secondary soft palate closure, and the type of clefting were not significant factors for performing subsequent velopharyngoplasty. However, significant differences with respect to the need for a secondary velopharyngoplasty after soft palate closure were found when comparing the surgical experience of the surgeons.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK
A clinical study was conducted to assess the ability of commercially available immunoassays to detect flunitrazepam (FNP) in plasma and urine samples and to compare the results with those obtained by ...gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The clinical study consisted of four individuals (two male and two female) who had taken a single 2-mg dose of FNP. Serum was collected over a 48-h period and urine was collected over a 72-h period. The serum and urine samples were analyzed by the COBAS® INTEGRA Serum Benzodiazepines assay (SBENZ), the TDx serum and urine Benzodiazepines assay, and GC-MS. The GC-MS procedure was developed for analysis of FNP and metabolites in plasma and urine using an acid hydrolysis step resulting in the formation of specific benzophenones corresponding to FNP and its metabolites. The relative sensitivities of the assays for the detection of FNP and metabolites in serum and urine were GC-MS > SBFNZ > TDx. The immunoassay results for serum samples showed peak concentrations of FNP metabolites at 8 h after FNP ingestion for three individuals and at about 1 h for the fourth individual. The GC-MS, SBENZ, and TDx urine immunoassays detected drug above the stated limit of detection (LOD) in 44, 41, and 35 serial FNP urine samples, respectively. FNP metabolites were detected in urine samples with all three assays for up to 72 h after a 2-mg dose. The improved detection rate with the SBENZ assay as compared to the TDx assay is likely explained by its higher cross-reactivity with the major metabolite, 7-amino-flunitrazepam (7-amino-FNP), and its lower LOD.
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