OBJECTIVE To compare the effects of single-sitting vs 4-sitting panretinal photocoagulation (PRP) on macular edema in subjects with severe nonproliferative or early proliferative diabetic retinopathy ...with relatively good visual acuity and no or mild center-involved macular edema. METHODS Subjects were treated with 1 sitting or 4 sittings of PRP in a nonrandomized, prospective, multicentered clinical trial. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE Central subfield thickness on optical coherence tomography (OCT). RESULTS Central subfield thickness was slightly greater in the 1-sitting group (n = 84) than in the 4-sitting group (n = 71) at the 3-day (P = .01) and 4-week visits (P = .003). At the 34-week primary outcome visit, the slight differences had reversed, with the thickness being slightly greater in the 4-sitting group than in the 1-sitting group (P = .06). Visual acuity differences paralleled OCT differences. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that clinically meaningful differences are unlikely in OCT thickness or visual acuity following application of PRP in 1 sitting compared with 4 sittings in subjects in this cohort. More definitive results would require a large randomized trial. APPLICATION TO CLINICAL PRACTICE These results suggest PRP costs to some patients in terms of travel and lost productivity as well as to eye care providers could be reduced. TRIAL REGISTRATION clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT00687154.Arch Ophthalmol. 2009;127(2):132-140-->
ABSTRACT
The adult rat ventral prostate, which has been used extensively as a model for hormone‐dependent prostate cancer, is composed of hormone‐dependent columnar secretory epithelial cells and a ...mixture of hormone‐independent cuboidal epithelial cells, basal epithelial cells, and stromal cells. Androgen ablation causes the gland to regress due to the selective loss of the secretory luminal epithelial cells that undergo apoptosis. Most, if not all, of the studies examining the induction of apoptosis and the mechanism of regression have used young adult males at around 3 months of age. Prostate cancer, however, is a disease of older males, and we have therefore investigated whether age‐related changes in hormone sensitivity and apoptosis occur in the ventral prostate of aged animals (12 months old) compared to young animals (3 months old). We have observed distinct differences in the morphology of the prostate between young and old rats prior to castration and a significant slowing in the rate of regression after castration in older animals. These changes are accompanied by changes in lipofuscin accumulation and levels of the antioxidant enzymes catalase and manganese (Mn) superoxide dismutase in the gland.
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BFBNIB, FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NUK, OILJ, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
Fractures of the tibial plateau in elderly individuals can occur following a low energy mechanism. Frequently, the fractures are depression-type injuries which cause articular incongruity and may ...have associated soft tissue or ligamentous injury. Definitive treatment of these fractures is often delayed because of the soft tissue envelope and requires a period of external fixation to maintain limb alignment and provide stability. The goals of operative fracture fixation are restoration of the articular surface and stable fixation. This can be accomplished through a variety of operative techniques with recent emphasis on preservation of the soft tissue envelope surrounding the proximal tibia and less invasive surgical exposures. In some circumstances, when the patient has significant degenerative joint disease, acute fracture fixation and total knee arthroplasty has been described for this condition. The management of these fractures can also be complicated by osteopenia and medical comorbidities which are more prevalent in the elderly population.
A liposome formulation containing a distearoylphosphatidylethanolamine analog was developed that was endocytosed by both lymphocytes and monocytes. This formulation was used to encapsulate sense and ...antisense 20-mer oligodeoxynucleotides to the 5' tat splice acceptor site of human immunodeficiency virus type 1. At a DNA concentration of 140 nM, the liposome-encapsulated sense DNA inhibited p24 production by as much as 84% in human peripheral blood leukocytes infected with "wild-type" virus. This treatment also reduced the number of peripheral blood leukocytes producing intracellular viral antigen by 71%. Of interest, no reduction in either parameter was observed for the antisense-containing liposomes. The results demonstrate the promise of a new liposomal delivery vehicle to inhibit human immunodeficiency virus replication by an entrapped oligodeoxynucleotide.
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