To achieve technical efficiency in a judo fight, it is necessary to know the technical details of each throw. The tempo of a judo fight is highly intense, and it is necessary for the competitor to be ...physically very well prepared. Considering the tempo, an important factor in the fight is the influence of fatigue, which can significantly affect the performance of a technique. The aim of this research is to determine the kinematic parameters and the influence of the fatigue protocol during the performance of ippon seoi nage (ISN) throw. The sample of participants consists of 30 young judokas (17.02 ± 0.91 year; 72.81 ± 6.52 kg; 178.60 ± 5.60 cm). The following variables were observed with Xsens Awinda kinematic system: the angle of the left shoulder (L_shou_A); the angle of the right shoulder (R_shou_A); the difference in the height of the pelvis in the tsukuri phase (Pel_tsu_H); the difference in the height of the pelvis in the kake phase (Pel_kake_H); hand velocity (Hand_V); head position (Head_pos). The participants performed three ISN throws before and after the fatigue protocol. A statistically significant difference (MANOVA) was found between the measurements (F = 8.47; p = 0.00). Additionally, observing the differences between individual variables (ANOVA), a significant difference was found in all measured variables, with a statistical significance of p < 0.05. This research presents key kinematic parameters that had not yet been observed in this manner. Furthermore, based on the established differences, it can be concluded that the participants significantly disrupt the performance of the ISN throw technique in situational, i.e., fight, conditions.
Judo elements rely on lower and upper body muscle power, supported by the ATP-PCr energy system, which is crucial in high-intensity tasks. This study aims to assess the anaerobic status of young male ...competitive judokas using the upper body Wingate test and explore associations with competition performance and individual morphological characteristics. A total of 29 male judokas from the U18 and U20 age categories were tested, all actively participating in top-tier national and international competitions. Anthropometric characteristics and body composition measurements were obtained for all participants through bioelectrical impedance analysis. Anaerobic testing was conducted using the upper body Wingate test with a hand ergometer. Competition performance was recorded from the final national cup ranking list. The results presented no statistically significant correlations between morphological and anaerobic variables and competitive performance among selected participants. This highlights the importance of the necessity of updated training programs to increase the anaerobic performance of young Slovenian judokas. Additionally, it shows that in these age groups, anaerobic performance is not the crucial factor but just one piece of the puzzle in young judokas’ successful competition performance; therefore other variables should be further researched.
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) poses a global threat, leading to increased mortality and necessitating urgent action-however, its impact on athletes and the world of sports has hitherto been ...neglected. Sports environments (including athletic and aquatic) exhibit high levels of microbial contamination, potentially contributing to the spread of resistant microorganisms during physical activities. Moreover, the literature suggests that travel for sports events may lead to changes in athletes' gut microbiomes and potentially impact their antibiotic resistance profiles, raising questions about the broader implications for individual and public/global health. The prevalence of
(
) among athletes (particularly those engaged in contact or collision sports) ranges between 22.4% and 68.6%, with MRSA strains being isolated in up to 34.9% of tested individuals. Factors such as training frequency, equipment sharing, delayed post-training showers, and a history of certain medical conditions are linked to higher colonization rates. Moreover, MRSA outbreaks have been documented in sports teams previously, highlighting the importance of implementing preventive measures and hygiene protocols in athletic settings. In light of the growing threat of AMR, there is a critical need for evidence-based treatment guidelines tailored to athletes' unique physiological demands to ensure responsible antibiotic use and mitigate potential health risks. While various initiatives-such as incorporating AMR awareness into major sporting events-aim to leverage the broad audience of sports to communicate the importance of addressing AMR, proactive measures (including improved AMR surveillance during large sporting events) will be indispensable for enhancing preparedness and safeguarding both athletes' and the general public's health. This narrative review thoroughly assesses the existing literature on AMR and antibiotic usage in the context of sports, aiming to illuminate areas where information may be lacking and underscoring the significance of promoting global awareness about AMR through sports.
Analysis of judo throwing techniques, as the most important attacking structures in a judo match, can help experts to improve training process. The aim of this paper was to analyse and classify ...throwing techniques from the aspect of their importance in judo matches. For this purpose eight judo experts assessed the importance of throwing techniques in seven official senior weight categories for men. Sample of entities consisted of 40 throwing techniques and the sample of variables consisted of seven weight categories. Cluster analysis was used for the classification of throwing techniques. The Euclidean distance method and Ward's method of cluster mergers was used. The differences between the established groups were tested by discriminant analysis. Unlike in some other classifications, a smaller number of groups was formed. According to the criterion of importance two main groups of throws were identified (group A and B). Group B contains the most important and the most applicable throws in current judo matches, whereas group A contains less important throwing techniques. Group A has been divided into two significantly different subgroups and group B into three significantly different subgroups. The proposed classification clearly distinguishes throwing techniques according to their performance importance and provides a clearer insight into the technical structure of judo sport. The results of this research can be useful to judo experts for the selection of the most rational methods of the technical and tactical preparation and for the establishment of new and modern approaches to judo training.Original Abstract: Analiza tehnika bacanja, kao najvaznijih tehnika u judo borbi, moze pomoci trenerima u unapredenju trenaznog procesa. Cilj ovog rada je analizirati i klasificirati tehnike bacanja s aspekta njihove vaznosti u samoj borbi. Osam eksperata iz podrucja judo sporta ocijenilo je tehnike bacanja prema njihovoj vaznosti u borbi u sedam sluzbenih tezinskih kategorija za seniore. Uzorak entiteta cinilo je 40 bacanja, a skup varijabli 7 tezinskih kategorija. Tehnike bacanja su grupirane u homogene skupine pomocu klaster analize pri cemu je koristena metoda euklidskih distanci i Wardova metoda udruzivanja klastera. Razlike izmedu skupina bacanja, utvrdenih klaster analizom, testirane su na multivarijatnoj razini diskriminacijskom analizom. Nakon obrade rezultata utvrden je manji broj skupina bacanja u odnosu na neke druge klasifikacije. Identificirane su dvije glavne skupine bacanja (A i B), od kojih skupina B sadrzi najvaznije (najprimjenjivije) tehnike bacanja u judo borbi, a grupa A manje vazne tehnike. Daljnjom analizom utvrdene su tri podgrupe unutar skupine B te dvije podgrupe bacanja unutar skupine A. Dobivena klasifikacija jasno razlikuje bacanja prema njihovoj vaznosti i primjenjivosti te daje jasniji uvid u strukturu tehnika bacanja u judu. Rezultati ovog istrazivanja mogu koristiti trenerima u odabiru najracionalnijih metoda za tehnicku i takticku pripremu judasa te za kreiranje novog, modernog, pristupa treningu juda.
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DOBA, FSPLJ, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Analysis of judo throwing techniques, as the most important attacking structures in a judo match, can help experts to improve training process. The aim of this paper was to analyse and classify ...throwing techniques from the aspect of their importance in judo match. For this purpose eight judo experts assessed the importance of throwing techniques in seven official senior weight categories for men. Sample of entities consisted of 40 throwing techniques and the sample of variables consisted of seven weight categories. Cluster analysis was used for the classification of throwing techniques. The Euclidean distance method and Ward’s method of cluster mergers was used. Differences between the established groups were tested by discriminant analysis. Unlike in some other classifications, a smaller number of groups was formed. According to the criterion of importance two main groups of throws were identified (group A and B). Group B contains the most important and the most applicable throws in current judo matches whereas group A contains less important throwing techniques. Group A has been divided into two statistically significant different subgroups and group B into three statistically significant different subgroups. The proposed classification clearly distinguishes throwing techniques according to their performance importance and provides a clearer insight into the technical structure of judo sport. The results of this research can be useful to judo experts for the selection of the most rational methods of the technical and tactical preparation and in the establishment of new and modern approaches to judo training.
Full text
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DOBA, FSPLJ, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Analysis of judo throwing techniques, as the most important attacking structures in a judo match, can help experts to improve training process. The aim of this paper was to analyse and classify ...throwing techniques from the aspect of their importance in judo matches. For this purpose eight judo experts assessed the importance of throwing techniques in seven official senior weight categories for men. Sample of entities consisted of 40 throwing techniques and the sample of variables consisted of seven weight categories. Cluster analysis was used for the classification of throwing techniques. The Euclidean distance method and Ward's method of cluster mergers was used. The differences between the established groups were tested by discriminant analysis. Unlike in some other classifications, a smaller number of groups was formed. According to the criterion of importance two main groups of throws were identified (group A and B). Group B contains the most important and the most applicable throws in current judo matches, whereas group A contains less important throwing techniques. Group A has been divided into two significantly different subgroups and group B into three significantly different subgroups. The proposed classification clearly distinguishes throwing techniques according to their performance importance and provides a clearer insight into the technical structure of judo sport. The results of this research can be useful to judo experts for the selection of the most rational methods of the technical and tactical preparation and for the establishment of new and modern approaches to judo training. Key words: weight categories, cluster analysis, applicability of throwing techniques, judo training Analiza tehnika bacanja, kao najvaznijih tehnika u judo borbi, moze pomoci trenerima u unapredenju trenaznog procesa. Cilj ovog rada je analizirati i klasificirati tehnike bacanja s aspekta njihove vaznosti u samoj borbi. Osam eksperata iz podrucja judo sporta ocijenilo je tehnike bacanja prema njihovoj vaznosti u borbi u sedam sluzbenih tezinskih kategorija za seniore. Uzorak entiteta cinilo je 40 bacanja, a skup varijabli 7 tezinskih kategorija. Tehnike bacanja su grupirane u homogene skupine pomocu klaster analize pri cemu je koristena metoda euklidskih distanci i Wardova metoda udruzivanja klastera. Razlike izmedu skupina bacanja, utvrdenih klaster analizom, testirane su na multivarijatnoj razini diskriminacijskom analizom. Nakon obrade rezultata utvrden je manji broj skupina bacanja u odnosu na neke druge klasifikacije. Identificirane su dvije glavne skupine bacanja (A i B), od kojih skupina B sadrzi najvaznije (najprimjenjivije) tehnike bacanja u judo borbi, a grupa A manje vazne tehnike. Daljnjom analizom utvrdene su tri podgrupe unutar skupine B te dvije podgrupe bacanja unutar skupine A. Dobivena klasifikacija jasno razlikuje bacanja prema njihovoj vaznosti i primjenjivosti te daje jasniji uvid u strukturu tehnika bacanja u judu. Rezultati ovog istrazivanja mogu koristiti trenerima u odabiru najracionalnijih metoda za tehnicku i takticku pripremu judasa te za kreiranje novog, modernog, pristupa treningu juda. Kljucne rijeci: tezinske kategorije, klaster analiza, primjenjivost tehnika bacanja, judo trening
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DOBA, FSPLJ, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
The global objective of this research was determining the relations between anthropometric variables with success in judo bout. The research was conducted on a sample of 122 subjects. The sample of ...variables consisted of 18 anthropometric measures, out of which three latent dimensions were isolated by the use of factor analysis. Three latent dimensions (factors) represent a set of predictive variables. Criterion is defined as a success in judo bout and it is represented by two criteria variables; number of wins and technical efficiency in judo bout. To test the relations of latent anthropometric variables with success in the bout the regression analysis was used. Statistically significant but low connections were found between anthropometric variables and the two criteria. As only the factor volume and mass of the body partially contribute to the explanation of criteria, one can conclude that the active muscle mass is in the background of achieved connection.
Cilj rada bio je konstruirati upitnik za procjenu percipirane
legitimnosti nesportskoga ponašanja, utvrditi njegove mjerne
karakteristike i provjeriti teorijske pretpostavke o relacijama
percipirane ...legitimnosti nesportskog ponašanja sa spolom,
sportskim stažem i rangom natjecanja. Konstruirani upitnik sadrži
14 čestica, koje opisuju specifična nesportska ponašanja iz
kategorija fizičke agresije, verbalne agresije i varanja. Stupanj
percipirane legitimnosti nesportskoga ponašanja može se
interpretirati analizom odgovora na pojedine čestice upitnika,
rezultatima na podskalama Legitimnost težih prekršaja,
Legitimnost lakših prekršaja i Legitimnost verbalne agresije ili
ukupnim rezultatom. Mjerna svojstva upitnika utvrđena su na
uzorku od 251 studenta Kineziološkoga fakulteta u Zagrebu.
Komponentnim modelom faktorske analize, pri čemu je
primijenjen Guttman-Kaiserov kriterij za redukciju broja glavnih
komponenata i oblimin rotacija s Kaiserovom normalizacijom,
utvrđena je jednostavna i semantički interpretabilna faktorska
struktura. Cronbachov koeficijent pouzdanosti kretao se od 0,77
do 0,86, a test-retest pouzdanosti od 0,67 do 0,85. Serijom
multiplih regresijskih analiza utvrđena je različita povezanost
spola, sportskoga staža i ranga natjecanja s pojedinim
podskalama upitnika. Rezultati istraživanja pokazuju da
konstruirani upitnik ima zadovoljavajuća mjerna svojstva te da se
može rabiti za procjenu percipirane legitimnosti težih prekršaja,
lakših prekršaja i verbalne agresije u sportu.
The aim of this study was to develop a questionnaire for the assessment of perceived legitimacy of unsportsmanlike conduct, to examine its psychometric characteristics and relations with gender, ...sport experience, and competition level. The questionnaire (PLNP) has 14 items describing physical aggression, verbal aggression and cheating. The participant assesses the acceptability of each type of behavior on a Likert five-point scale. The degree of perceived legitimacy can be obtained on the basis of answers to each questionnaire item, the results on the subscales - Legitimacy of Serious Fouls, Legitimacy of Less Serious Fouls, and Legitimacy of Verbal Aggression - or on the basis of the total result. Psychometric characteristics of the questionnaire were tested on a sample of 251 students of the Faculty of Kinesiology. Principal components factor analysis revealed a simple and semantically interpretable factor structure. Cronbach's reliability coefficients ranged from 0.77-0.86, while test-retest reliability ranged from 0.67-0.85. Multiple regression analyses revealed different relations of gender, sport experience, and competition level with PLNP subscales. The developed questionnaire showed satisfactory psychometric characteristics and that it can be used for the assessment of perceived legitimacy of serious fouls, less serious fouls, and verbal aggression in sports. Reprinted by permission of Drustvena Istrazivanja
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