Spiritual Change (SC) is one of 5 domains of posttraumatic growth (PTG). The current Posttraumatic Growth Inventory (PTGI) assesses this area of growth with only 2 items, one focusing on religiosity ...and the other focusing on spiritual understanding. The addition of 4 newly developed spiritual–existential change (SEC) items, creating an expanded PTGI (Posttraumatic Growth Inventory‐X), reflects a diversity of perspectives on spiritual–existential experiences that are represented in different cultures. Samples were obtained from 3 countries: the United States (n = 250), Turkey (n = 502), and Japan (n = 314). Analyses indicated that the newly added items capture additional experiences of growth outside traditional religious concepts, yet still are correlated with the original SC items, especially in the U.S. and Turkish samples. Relationships of the PTGI‐X to established predictors of PTG, event‐related rumination, and core beliefs, were as predicted in all 3 countries. The new 6‐item SEC factor demonstrated high internal reliability, and the 5‐factor structure of the expanded scale was supported by confirmatory factor analysis. The resulting 25‐item PTGI‐X can be used as a validated instrument in a wide range of samples in which traditional religious beliefs are less dominant.
Resumen
Spanish s by the Asociación Chilena de Estrés Traumático (ACET)
El cambio espiritual (CE) es uno de los 5 dominios del crecimiento postraumático (CPT). El actual inventario de Crecimiento Postraumático (ICP) evalúa esta área del crecimiento con solo 2 ítems, uno que se focaliza en la religiosidad y otro que se enfoca en el entendimiento espiritual. La incorporación de 4 ítems nuevos desarrollados sobre cambio espiritual‐existencial (CES), la creación de un ICPT expandido (Inventario de crecimiento postraumático‐X), refleja una diversidad de perspectivas sobre experiencias espirituales‐existenciales que son representadas en diferentes culturas. Se obtuvieron muestras de 3 países, EEUU (n = 250), Turquía (n = 502), y Japón (n = 314). Los análisis indicaron que los nuevos ítems agregados capturan experiencias adicionales de crecimiento fuera de los conceptos religiosos tradicionales, y aun así están correlacionados con los ítems originales de CE, especialmente en las muestras de EEUU y Turquía. Las relaciones del ICPT ‐X a predictores establecidos de CPT, rumiación relacionada con el evento y creencias centrales, fueron predichas en los 3 países. El nuevo factor CES de 6 ítems demostró una alta confiabilidad interna, y la estructura de 5 factores de la escala expandida fue apoyada por un análisis factorial confirmatorio. Los 25 factores resultantes del ICPT ‐X pueden ser utilizados como un instrumento validado en un amplio rango de muestras en las cuales las creencias religiosas tradicionales son menos dominantes.
摘要
Traditional and Simplified Chinese s by AsianSTSS
標題: 創傷後成長量表༚結合存在與心靈改變的修訂
撮要: 心靈改變(SC)是創傷後成長(PTG)的5個領域之一。目前的創傷後成長量表(PTGI)只利用兩方面評估心靈改變༚宗教信仰程度和靈性上的理解。創傷後成長量表加長版(PTGIX)則包含了新增的4個心靈與存在改變(SEC)項目, 這些新增項目能反映不同文化裡對心靈與存在體驗的多元看法。我們從3個國家取得樣本༚美國 (n = 250)、土耳其 (n = 502)和日本 (n = 314)。分析顯示, 特別在美國和土耳其的樣本裡, 新增項目能包含傳統信仰概念以外的成長體驗, 而這些新增項目仍跟本來的SC項目相關。在3個國家裡, PTGIX跟已確立的PTG預測變量、事件相關的反芻和核心信念的關係也符合預測。這個新的由6個項目組成的SEC因素內在信度為高, 而加長版的量表有5個因素結構, 受驗證性因素分析支持。這個共包含25個項目的PTGI‐X是個受驗證的工具, 能被廣泛用於傳統宗教信仰不如從前般主導的地方。
标题: 创伤后成长量表༚结合存在与心灵改变的修订
撮要: 心灵改变(SC)是创伤后成长(PTG)的5个领域之一。目前的创伤后成长量表(PTGI)只利用两方面评估心灵改变༚宗教信仰程度和灵性上的理解。创伤后成长量表加长版(PTGIX)则包含了新增的4个心灵与存在改变(SEC)项目, 这些新增项目能反映不同文化里对心灵与存在体验的多元看法。我们从3个国家取得样本༚美国 (n = 250)、土耳其 (n = 502)和日本 (n = 314)。分析显示, 特别在美国和土耳其的样本里, 新增项目能包含传统信仰概念以外的成长体验, 而这些新增项目仍跟本来的SC项目相关。在3个国家里, PTGIX跟已确立的PTG预测变量、事件相关的反刍和核心信念的关系也符合预测。这个新的由6个项目组成的SEC因素内在信度为高, 而加长版的量表有5个因素结构, 受验证性因素分析支持。这个共包含25个项目的PTGI‐X是个受验证的工具, 能被广泛用于传统宗教信仰不如从前般主导的地方。
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BFBNIB, DOBA, FZAB, GIS, IJS, IZUM, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
The effects of the Big Five personality traits on cognitions regarding problematic Internet use (PIU) have not been studied. The present paper aims to evaluate the effects of personality traits on ...cognitions regarding PIU that are classified as loneliness/depression, diminished impulse control, distraction and social control. Additionally, the mediator effect of the Big Five personality traits on the relationship between time spent online and cognitions regarding PIU was tested in a sample of 494 Turkish university students. Hierarchical regression analysis results reveal that controlling the effects of socio‐demographic variables and time spent online, higher neuroticism and lower conscientiousness were related to cognitions regarding PIU. Moreover, results of structural equation modelling indicate that the relationship between time spent online and cognitions regarding PIU was independently mediated by extraversion, openness and agreeableness. Examining the role of all of the Big Five personality traits (especially neuroticism and conscientiousness) on PIU will increase understanding in further studies.
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DOBA, FZAB, GIS, IJS, IZUM, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
The Flourishing Scale (FS) and the Scale of Positive and Negative Experience (SPANE) are scales that are newly introduced to evaluate well-being. The present study aims to assess the psychometric ...distinctive features of two scales by utilising two different Turkish samples: university students (n = 320), and employees (n = 180). Confirmatory factor analysis results demonstrate that a one-factor model of the FS and a two-factor model of the SPANE yield significant findings in those samples. Scales' factorial structures are valid for gender groups also they have good internal consistency. Concurrent validity, and discriminant validity with the use of several conceptually related and unrelated measures in two samples reveal satisfactory validity results for both the FS and the SPANE. The results of the present study show the utility of these scales in Turkish culture.
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BFBNIB, DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, OILJ, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VSZLJ
4.
Editorial: Post-traumatic growth Senol-Durak, Emre; Di Tella, Marialaura; Romeo, Annunziata
Frontiers in psychology,
07/2023, Volume:
14
Journal Article
This study examined the relationships between posttraumatic growth (PTG) and posttraumatic depreciation (PTD) across 10 countries and assessed the factorial invariance of the standardized inventory ...assessing PTG and PTD, the PTGDI-X, the expansion of the PTGI-X (Tedeschi et al., 2017). We also investigated the roles of social and cognitive factors in PTG and PTD. Data were collected from participants who identified that their most stressful life experience met the definition of trauma in Australia, Germany, Italy, Japan, Nepal, Peru, Poland, Portugal, Turkey, and the US. The participants completed the PTGDI-X and inventories measuring posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms, and predictor variables such as reexamination of core beliefs, centrality of the event, rumination, and disclosures. Results identified universal aspects such as equivalence of factor loadings of the PTGDI-X and the impact of positive/negative disclosure on PTG and PTD. Results also revealed culture-specific aspects, including the relationships between PTG and PTD, and different patterns of cognitive predictors for PTG and PTD. The current study offered the insight that, for the first time using international data, positive and negative post-trauma changes are not likely to be on opposing ends of one dimension, and it is essential to use the PTGDI-X to better understand both positive and negative aspects of post-traumatic experiences.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
Facebook is one of the most popular social networking sites. However, Facebook intrusion or addiction is a growing concern as it involves an excessive attachment to Facebook, which disrupts daily ...functioning. To date, few studies have examined whether cross‐cultural differences in the measurement of Facebook addiction exist. The aim of this study was to investigate the cross‐cultural validity and measurement invariance of the Facebook Intrusion Questionnaire (FIQ), one of the most widely used measures of Facebook addiction, across 25 countries ( N = 12,204, 62.3% female; mean age = 25 years). Multigroup confirmatory factor analyses (MGCFA) assessed cross‐cultural validity as well as invariance. Additionally, individual confirmatory factor analyses evaluated the factorial structure and measurement invariance across genders in each country. The FIQ demonstrated partial metric invariance across countries and metric (13 countries), scalar (11 countries) or residual (10 countries) invariance across genders within individual countries. A one‐factor model indicated a good fit in 18 countries. Cronbach's alpha for the entire sample was .85. Our findings suggest that the FIQ may provide an adequate assessment of Facebook addiction that is psychometrically equivalent across cultures. Moreover, the questionnaire seems to be universal and suitable for studying different social media in distinct cultural environments. Consequently, this robust tool can be used to explore behaviours related to specific media that are particularly popular in any given country.
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FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
Abstract Facebook has become one of the most popular social networking in the world. The main aim of the study was to present an international comparison of Facebook intrusion and Internet ...penetration while examining possible gender differences. The study consisted of 2589 participants from eight countries: China, Greece, Israel, Italy, Poland, Romania, Turkey, USA. The Facebook intrusion and Internet penetration were taken into consideration. In this study the relationship between Facebook intrusion and Internet penetration was demonstrated. Facebook intrusion was slightly negatively related to Internet penetration in each country.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZRSKP
Diabetes, a chronic illness, affects individuals' lives dramatically. The present study aims to evaluate the role of possible psychosocial variables associated with Posttraumatic Growth (PTG) among ...outpatients with diabetes with a history of inpatient treatment. Within a theoretical framework of the model of Schaefer and Moos (1998), the roles of perceived social support, self-efficacy, diabetes-related variables, and cognitive processing have been examined by employing structural equation modeling in a sample of outpatients with diabetes having a history of at least one inpatient treatment. A total of 275 diabetic outpatients, 183 women and 92 men, who were treated at least once in a hospital, participated in the study. The mean age of participants was 52.09 ± 9.49 years. Diabetes-related factors mediated the relationship between perceived social support and PTG. Also, cognitive processing mediated the relationship between self-efficacy and PTG. Increasing patients' self-efficacy and facilitating social support networks should be taken into account when designing psychosocial intervention programs in diabetic patients, as the programs with content support high control perception of their health.
The University of California, Los Angeles, Loneliness Scale-Version 3 (UCLA LS3) is the most frequently used loneliness assessment tool. This study aimed to examine the psychometric properties of the ...UCLA LS3 by utilizing two separate and independent samples: Turkish university students (n = 481) and elderly (n = 284). The results demonstrate that the 3-factor model reveals significant results in both samples in terms of goodness of fit indices in confirmatory factor analysis. In addition to satisfactory reliability, the concurrent and discriminant validity of the scale were supported in both samples by revealing the association of the UCLA LS3 with conceptually related measures (i.e., social support, social provision, depression, positive affect, negative affect, and self esteem in the sample of university students; geriatric depression, self esteem and life satisfaction in the sample of elderly) and the unrelated measure (i.e., social desirability). In addition to examining the psychometric properties of the UCLA LS3, the present study adds to the present literature about loneliness, shedding light on a non-western culture.
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BFBNIB, DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
This study aims to extensively examine the psychometric properties of adapted version of the Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS) in different Turkish samples. In order to test the psychometric ...properties of the SWLS three separate and independent samples are utilized in this study, namely university students (n = 547), correctional officers (n = 166), and elderly adults (n = 123). Concerning the reliability of the scale, internal consistency and item-total correlation coefficients are found to be satisfactory for all three samples. As for the validity studies, concurrent validity of the scale is supported in all three samples by revealing the association of SWLS with conceptually related measures, which included depression, self-esteem, positive affect and negative affect, work stress, and monthly income measures. Discriminant validity is examined only in the sample of university students, and SWLS revealed a non-significant correlation with a conceptually unrelated construct (i.e., willingness to self-censor). Consistent with the original scale, a single-factor solution model reveals an adequate fit in all three different samples. Furthermore, confirmatory factor analysis with multi-group comparisons performed demonstrates that SWLS has the same theoretical structure for three different groups on the basis of a single-factor solution model. The theoretical and practical implications of this study are discussed.
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