To test the hypothesis that bone mineral loss is mechanistically related to cerebral small vessel disease (SVD), we investigated the relationship between bone mineral density and the prevalence and ...intensity of SVD among patients with stroke.
We analyzed data of 1,190 consecutive patients with stroke who were >50 years of age and underwent both brain MRI and dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry from the stroke registry of Chung-Ang University Hospital in Seoul, Korea. The patients were categorized into 3 groups according to their bone mineral density (normal, osteopenia, and osteoporosis). White matter hyperintensities, silent lacunes, cerebral microbleeds, and extensive perivascular space were assessed from brain MRI. Multinomial logistic regression model was used to examine the association between osteoporosis and total SVD score. We also recruited 70 patients with stroke to study serum bone turnover markers and microRNAs related to both cerebral atherosclerosis and bone metabolism to understand bone and brain interaction.
Osteoporosis was determined among 284 patients (23.9%), and 450 patients (37.8%) had osteopenia. As bone mineral density decreased, total SVD score and the incidence of every SVD phenotype increased except strictly lobar cerebral microbleeds. Multinomial logistic regression analysis showed that osteoporosis was independently associated with severe SVD burden. The levels of microRNA-378f were significantly increased among the patients with osteoporosis and maximal total SVD score and positively correlated with parathyroid hormone and osteocalcin.
These findings suggest a pathophysiologic link between bone mineral loss and hypertensive cerebral arteriolar degeneration, possibly mediated by circulating microRNA.
Gas turbine failure diagnosis is performed in this work based on seven types of tag data consisting of a total of 7976 data. The data consist of about 7000 normal data and less than 500 abnormal ...data. While normal data are easy to extract, failure data are difficult to extract. So, this study mainly is composed of normal data and a one-class support vector machine (OC-SVM) is used here, which has an advantage in classification accuracy performance. To advance the classification performance, four hyperparameter tuning (manual search, grid search, random search, Bayesian optimization) methods are applied. To analyze the performance of each technique, four evaluation indicators (accuracy, precision, recall, and F-1 score) are used. As a result, about 54.3% of the initial failure diagnosis performance is improved up to 64.88% through the advanced process in terms of accuracy.
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The mobility and bioavailability of nitro explosives (2,4‐dinitrotoluene DNT, 2,4,6‐trinitrotoluene TNT, and hexahydro‐1,3,5‐trinitro‐1,3,5‐triazine RDX) in biochar‐amended soils and toxic metals ...(As, Cd, Cu, Pb, and Zn) in biochar‐amended mine tailings were investigated via various types of leaching procedures in laboratory‐scale batch experiments. The results from the toxicity characteristic leaching procedure (TCLP) and hydroxypropyl‐β‐cyclodextrin (HPCD) extraction showed that approximately 55 to 95% of the explosives were released from the contaminated soils and would thus be considered as mobile. With the addition of biochar, the extracted concentrations of explosives were reduced to less than 10% of the initial concentrations after 10 d. According to the results from a Korean waste leaching method, the TCLP method, and diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA) extraction, adding biochar to mine tailings reduced the extractability and bioavailability of metals. The chemical forms of the metals, types of extractants, pH, and curing period strongly affected the extractability of metals from mine tailings. The results suggest that biochar is a promising immobilizer of explosives and metals in contaminated soils and mine tailings under limited conditions.
Core Ideas
Immobilization of explosives in soil can be obtained by adding biochar.
The curing period does not greatly affect the extractability of explosives in soil.
Biochar amendment for mine tailings is applicable under limited conditions.
Chemical forms of metals and types of extractants determine the metal leachability.
pH and sorption mechanisms determine the immobilization of metals with biochar.
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FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
Efficacy of proton pump inhibitors is limited in patients with nonerosive reflux disease (NERD). The aim of this study was to comparatively evaluate the efficacy and safety of esomeprazole with ...sodium bicarbonate and esomeprazole alone.
This was a multicenter, randomized, double-blind, active-controlled, noninferiority comparative study. A total of 379 patients with NERD were randomly allocated to receive either Esoduo
(esomeprazole 20 mg with sodium bicarbonate 800 mg) or Nexium
(esomeprazole 20 mg) once daily for 4 weeks from January 2019 to December 2019. The patients had a history of heartburn for at least 2 days in the week before randomization as well as in the last 3 months and no esophageal mucosal breaks on endoscopy. The primary endpoint was a complete cure of heartburn at week 4. The secondary and exploratory endpoints as well as the safety profiles were compared in the groups at weeks 2 and 4.
A total of 355 patients completed the study (180 in the Esoduo
group and 175 in the Nexium
group). The proportions of patients without heartburn in the entire 4th week of treatment were not different between the two groups (33.33% in the Esoduo
group and 35% in the Nexium
group, p=0.737). There were no significant differences in most of the secondary and exploratory endpoints as well as the safety profiles.
Esoduo
is as effective and safe as Nexium
for managing typical symptoms in patients with NERD (ClinicalTrial.gov identifier: NCT03928470).
The characterization and temporal changes of intracellular and extracellular metabolome of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum under different growth times were studied using multi-platform metabolomics. A ...multi-platform approach consisting of both non-targeted profiling and targeted quantification has identified a total of 168 metabolites among which, 41 and 110 in the intra- and extracellular metabolomes were determined to be significantly different. We constructed an expanded metabolic pathway map that combines the amino acid, fatty acid, carbohydrate, purine, and pyrimidine pathways. Notably, we observed the dramatic increase of bioactive compound during growth such as indoles, phenylpropanoid, and hydroxy fatty acids produced by amino acid and fatty acid metabolism in the extracellular metabolome. Several B vitamins (pantothenic acid in intracellular metabolome and nicotinic acid, pyridoxine, and pyridoxal in extracellular metabolome) significantly increased in specific growth phase. In conclusion, this study has demonstrated the usefulness of a multi-platform approach in identifying a large pool of metabolites which, thus, has led, to a more robust understanding of the metabolic processes involved in the growth of L. plantarum HAC01. Furthermore, the change of discriminant metabolites with integrated metabolic pathway were revealed, which can be useful in identifying candidates for compound markers and postbiotic components for commercialization of probiotics formulation.
•The whole metabolome of L. plantarum was studied using 4 kinds of MS analyses.•134 and 168 metabolites were identified from intra- and extracellular metabolome.•The alteration of metabolites was interpreted using an integrated pathway map.•Products of extracellular BCAA, AAA & fatty acid metabolism increased with growth.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
In this study, the sintering behaviors of Nb-6Mo-20Si-3Cr (at percentage) in situ composite powders were studied. The Nb alloy powder was fabricated by a hydrogenation-dehydrogenation method, and ...both the alloy ingot and powders consisted of two phases: An Nb metal phase and the α-Nb5Si3 phase. Consolidation of the alloy powders was performed at 1500, 1600, and 1700 °C using spark plasma sintering, and the microstructures and phases formed at various sintering temperatures were analyzed. Micropores were observed in the compact sintered at 1500 °C due to the lack of complete densification at that temperature. The densification was completed at 1600 °C and the microstructure was slightly coarsened at 1700 °C compared to the microstructure of the compact sintered at 1600 °C. The microstructures prepared by the powder metallurgy method were finer than the microstructure of the ingot prepared by the casting method. The phase formation behavior varied according to the sintering temperature. Specifically, the α-Nb5Si3 phase, which is a stable structure of the Nb5Si3 phase at a low temperature, was transformed to the β-Nb5Si3 phase (which is stable at a high temperature) with an increasing sintering temperature.
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IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
This paper reports a concise and scalable method for the synthesis of the phytoestrogen 7,2′-dihydroxy-4′,5′-dimethoxyisoflavanone 1 via an optimized synthetic route. Compound 1 was readily obtained ...in 11 steps and 11% overall yield on a gram scale from commercially available 3,4-dimethoxyphenol. The key features of the synthesis include the construction of the deoxybenzoin unit through a sequence of Claisen rearrangement, oxidative cleavage, and aryllithium addition and the efficient synthesis of the isoflavanone architecture from highly functionalized 2-hydroxyketone.
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IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
This study aimed to investigate the effects of trunk stability training based on visual feedback on trunk stability, balance, and upper limb function in patients with stroke. Twenty-eight patients ...with chronic stroke were randomly assigned to either a trunk support group (n = 14) or a trunk restraint group (n = 14) that practiced upper limb training with trunk support and trunk restraint, respectively, based on visual feedback for 30 min per day, three times per week, for 4 weeks. The postural assessment scale for stroke (PASS) was used to assess the stability of patients, and the functional reaching test (FRT) was performed to assess balance. To assess upper extremity function, a range of motion (ROM) test, manual muscle testing (MMT), and Fugl–Meyer assessment-upper limb (FMA-upper limb) were performed. Consequently, both groups showed significant differences before and after training in the PASS, FRT, shoulder flexion ROM, triceps brachii MMT, and FMA-upper limb (p < 0.05), while the trunk support group showed more significant improvements than the trunk restraint group in the PASS, FRT, and FMA-upper limb (p < 0.05). Trunk support-based upper limb training effectively improved trunk stability, balance, and upper limb function and is beneficial as an upper limb training method. Providing trunk support is more effective than restricting the trunk; trunk support-based upper limb training is expected to promote voluntary participation when combined with visual feedback.
This study aimed to investigate and optimize the quality and sensory properties of baked products with lutein-enriched marigold flower powder (MP). Lutein-enriched marigold flowers produced via ...hydroponic methods using LED lights were used as a functional material in sponge cakes to increase lutein content. MP particles were divided into coarse (Dv
= 315 μm), fine (Dv
= 119 μm), and superfine MP (Dv
= 10 μm) fractions and added to the sponge cake after being designated to control (sponge cake prepared without MP), coarse MPS (sponge cake prepared with coarse MP), fine MPS (sponge cake prepared with fine MP), and superfine MPS (sponge cake prepared with superfine MP) groups. The sizes and surface properties of superfine MP particles were more homogeneous and smoother than the other samples. As the particle size decreased, the specific volume increased, whereas baking loss, hardness, and chewiness of the sponge cake decreased. Superfine MP and superfine MPS had the highest lutein content. The flavor of marigold and the overall acceptability of sponge cake with superfine MP were 7.90 ± 0.97 and 7.55 ± 0.76, which represents the highest values among the samples. The results of this study have shown that jet milling can contribute to improvements in texture, lutein content, and sensory qualities for baked products with MP.
This study investigated how Fe substituted with Mn and Cr affected the microstructure and the first hydrogenation kinetics of a TiFe-based hydrogen storage alloy. Vacuum arc melting was used to ...prepare TiFe1-xMx ingots (M = Mn, Cr, x = 0.1, 0.2, 0.3). Thermodynamic calculations were performed to predict the phase formation behavior. The TiFe0.9Mn0.1 alloy was expected to form a single TiFe phase, and all other alloys were calculated to have dual-phase microstructures with TiFe and Laves phases. Based on the microstructure analysis results, the phase formation behaviors of the alloys showed a trend similar to the thermodynamic calculation results. The first hydrogenation kinetics was examined at room temperature (20 °C) with a hydrogen pressure of 40 bar. The samples for the kinetic analysis were prepared by crushing the ingots in air. The TiFe0.9Mn0.1 alloy with a single TiFe phase did not absorb hydrogen, while the alloys containing Laves phase absorbed hydrogen without any thermal activation process. As for the microstructure and kinetics analysis results, both the percentage and composition of the Laves phases affected the first hydrogenation kinetics.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
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