In a trial involving patients with relapsed or refractory chronic lymphocytic leukemia, the BCL2 inhibitor venetoclax in combination with rituximab resulted in a higher 2-year rate of ...progression-free survival than bendamustine in combination with rituximab (85% vs. 36%).
Obinutuzumab, a glycoengineered anti-CD20 antibody with increased killing capacity, outperformed rituximab when used in combination with chlorambucil in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia who ...had coexisting illnesses.
Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), which is characterized by a neoplastic accumulation of B lymphocytes,
1
is the most common leukemia in Western countries. The majority of patients with CLL are older than 70 years of age, and many present with coexisting conditions.
2
,
3
In the past, CLL was treated with chemotherapy without improving survival.
4
–
8
The addition of the monoclonal anti-CD20 antibody rituximab to fludarabine and cyclophosphamide has been shown to prolong overall survival in physically fit patients with previously untreated CLL.
9
–
11
However, randomized trials have not shown that targeting the CD20 antigen in patients with CLL and coexisting conditions . . .
Abstract
Much is known about the processes driving accretion from protoplanetary disks onto low-mass pre-main-sequence stars (T Tauri stars). Nevertheless, it is unclear how accretion stops. To ...determine the accretion properties and their relation to stellar properties and gain insight into the last stages of accretion, we present a detailed analysis of 24 low and possible accretors, previously identified using the He
i
λ
10830 line. We model moderate-resolution H
α
profiles of these stars using magnetospheric accretion flow models that account for the chromospheric contribution at the line center. Based on parameters derived from the fits of 20 stars that can be reproduced with the models, we find a power-law relation between the disk truncation radius and the mass accretion rate consistent with predictions from theory and simulations. Comparing the corotation and truncation radii, we find that most of our targets are accreting in the unstable regime and rule out the propeller as the main process stopping accretion. For the truncation radius to be the same as the magnetic radius, the dipole magnetic field and/or the efficiency parameter
ξ
need to be smaller than previously determined, suggesting that higher-order fields dominate in low accretion rates. Lastly, we determine that the lowest accretion rates that can be detected by H
α
line modeling are (1–3) × 10
−11
M
☉
yr
−1
for M3 stars and (3–5) × 10
−11
M
☉
yr
−1
for K5 stars. These limits are lower than the observed accretion rates in our sample, suggesting that we have reached a physical lower limit. This limit,
M
̇
∼
10
−
10
M
☉
yr
−
1
, is consistent with EUV-dominated photoevaporation.
The PDS 70 system has been subject to many studies in the past year following the discovery of two accreting planets in the gap of its circumstellar disk. Nevertheless, the mass accretion rate onto ...the star is still not well known. Here, we determined the stellar mass accretion rate and its variability based on Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite and High-Accuracy Radial velocity Planetary Searcher (HARPS) observations. The stellar light curve shows a strong signal with a 3.03 0.06 days period, which we attribute to stellar rotation. Our analysis of the HARPS spectra shows a rotational velocity of , indicating that the inclination of the rotation axis is 50° 8°. This implies that the rotation axes of the star and its circumstellar disk are parallel within the measurement error. We apply magnetospheric accretion models to fit the profiles of the H line and derive mass accretion rates onto the star in the range of , varying over the rotation phase. The measured accretion rates are in agreement with those estimated from near-UV fluxes using accretion shock models. The derived accretion rates are higher than expected from the disk mass and planets' properties for the low values of the viscous parameter suggested by recent studies, potentially pointing to an additional mass reservoir in the inner disk to feed the accretion, such as a dead zone. We find that the He I λ10830 line shows a blueshifted absorption feature, indicative of a wind. The mass-loss rate estimated from the line depth is consistent with an accretion-driven inner disk MHD wind.
Gender inequalities exist in work life, but little is known about their presence in relation to factors examined in occupation health settings. The aim of this study was to identify and summarize the ...working and employment conditions described as determinants of gender inequalities in occupational health in studies related to occupational health published between 1999 and 2010.
A systematic literature review was undertaken of studies available in MEDLINE, EMBASE, Sociological Abstracts, LILACS, EconLit and CINAHL between 1999 and 2010. Epidemiologic studies were selected by applying a set of inclusion criteria to the title, abstract, and complete text. The quality of the studies was also assessed. Selected studies were qualitatively analysed, resulting in a compilation of all differences between women and men in the prevalence of exposure to working and employment conditions and work-related health problems as outcomes.
Most of the 30 studies included were conducted in Europe (n=19) and had a cross-sectional design (n=24). The most common topic analysed was related to the exposure to work-related psychosocial hazards (n=8). Employed women had more job insecurity, lower control, worse contractual working conditions and poorer self-perceived physical and mental health than men did. Conversely, employed men had a higher degree of physically demanding work, lower support, higher levels of effort-reward imbalance, higher job status, were more exposed to noise and worked longer hours than women did.
This systematic review has identified a set of working and employment conditions as determinants of gender inequalities in occupational health from the occupational health literature. These results may be useful to policy makers seeking to reduce gender inequalities in occupational health, and to researchers wishing to analyse these determinants in greater depth.
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IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
Abstract
We use TESS full-frame imaging data to investigate the angular momentum evolution of young stars in the Orion Complex. We confirm recent findings that stars with rotation periods faster than ...2 days are overwhelmingly binaries, with typical separations of tens of au; such binaries quickly clear their disks, leading to a tendency for rapid rotators to be diskless. Among (nominally single) stars with rotation periods slower than 2 days, we observe the familiar gyrochronological horseshoe-shaped relationship of rotation period versus
T
eff
, indicating that the processes that govern the universal evolution of stellar rotation on gigayear timescales are already in place within the first few megayears. Using spectroscopic
v
sin
i
, we determine the distribution of
sin
i
, revealing that the youngest stars are biased toward more pole-on orientations, which may be responsible for the systematics between stellar mass and age observed in star-forming regions. We are also able for the first time to make empirical, quantitative measurements of angular momenta and their time derivatives as functions of stellar mass and age, finding these relationships to be much simpler and monotonic as compared to the complex relationships involving rotation period alone; evidently, the relationship between rotation period and
T
eff
is largely a reflection of mass-dependent stellar structure and not of angular momentum per se. Our measurements show that the stars experience spin-down torques in the range of ∼10
37
erg at ∼1 Myr to ∼10
35
erg at ∼10 Myr, which provide a crucial empirical touchstone for theoretical mechanisms of angular momentum loss in young stars.
Abstract We present a variability and morphological classification study of TESS light curves for T Tauri star candidates in the Orion, IC 348, γ Velorum, Upper Scorpius, Corona Australis, and ...Perseus OB2 regions. We propose 11 morphological classes linking brightness variation behaviors with possible physical or geometric phenomena present in T Tauri stars, and develop a supervised machine-learning algorithm to automate the classification among these. Our algorithm optimizes and compares the true positive rate (recall) among k-nearest neighbors, classification trees, random forests, and support vector machines. This is done characterizing light curves with features depending on time, periodicity, and magnitude distribution. Binary and multiclass classifiers are trained and interpreted in a way that allows our final algorithm to have single or mixed classes. In the testing sample, the algorithm assigns mixed classes to 27% of the stars, reaching up to five simultaneous classes. A catalog of 3672 T Tauri star candidates is presented, along with their possible period estimations, predicted morphological classes, and visually revised ones. The cross-validation estimated performance of the final classifiers is reported. Binary classifiers surpass multiclass recall values for classes with less representation in the training sample. Support vector machines and random forest classifiers obtain better recalls. For comparison, another performance estimation of the final classifiers is calculated using the revised classes of our testing sample, indicating that this performance excels in singled classed stars, which happens in about 75% of the testing sample.
Abstract Communication in science requires standardized terminology with concepts unified that facilitate the processing and exploration of information in any knowledge domain. The morphology is not ...the exception; however, it has challenged problems, called “the linguistic problem of the morphology”, which is related to the processing of morphological data result of taxonomic work. Ontologies, standardized vocabularies expressed through language parsable (Resource Description Framework, RDF) by machines, are proposed to resolve the linguistic problems in morphology. Springtails are dominants in the soil and other types of habitats with ca 9000 described species. The anatomical terms employed in Collembola are not exempt from problems such as the presence of homonyms related to the chaetotaxy, idiosyncratic language employed in morphological descriptions, and lack of consensual definitions of anatomical terms, which difficult the comparison of morphological data. Collembola Anatomy Ontology (CLAO) is built according to principles established by The OBO Foundry and includes 1554 anatomical terms for the region of the cuticle, appendages, anatomical systems, and cells. CLAO is directed toward morphological descriptions and the production of phenotypic data produced from taxonomic and anatomical works before the obtaining of homologies in a phylogenetic framework. Also, to increase the interoperability with other anatomical ontologies for Arthropoda and knowledge domains.
To estimate the association between psychosocial risk factors in the workplace and musculoskeletal disorders (MSD) in nurses and aides.
Systematic review and meta-analysis.
An electronic search was ...performed using MEDLINE (Pubmed), Psychinfo, Web of Science, Tripdatabase, Cochrane Central Controlled Trials, NIOSHTIC and Joanna Briggs Institute of Systematic Reviews on Nursing and Midwifery, to identify observational studies assessing the role of psychosocial risk factors on MSD in hospital nurses and nursing aides.
Two reviewers independently assessed eligibility and extracted data. Quality assessment was conducted independently by two reviewers using an adapted version of the Standardized Quality Scale. Random-effects meta-analysis was performed by subsets based on specific anatomical site and the exposure to specific psychosocial risk factors. Heterogeneity for each subset of meta-analysis was assessed and meta-regressions were conducted to examine the source of heterogeneity among studies.
Twenty-four articles were included in the review, seventeen of which were selected for meta-analysis. An association was identified between high psychosocial demands–low job control with prevalent and incident low back pain (OR 1.56; 95% CI 1.22–1.99 and OR 1.52; 95% CI 1.14–2.01, respectively), prevalent shoulder pain (OR 1.89; 95% CI 1.53–2.34), prevalent knee pain (OR 2.21; 95% CI 1.07–4.54), and prevalent pain at any anatomical site (OR 1.38; 95% CI 1.09–1.75). Effort-reward imbalance was associated with prevalent MSD at any anatomical site (OR 6.13; 95% CI 5.32–7.07) and low social support with incident back pain (OR 1.82; 95% CI 1.43–2.32). Heterogeneity was generally low for most subsets of meta-analysis.
This meta-analysis suggests that psychosocial risk factors at the workplace are associated with MSD in hospital nurses and nursing aides. Although most preventive strategies at the workplace are focused on ergonomic risk factors, improving the psychosocial work environment might have an impact on reducing MSDs.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, VSZLJ
Acalabrutinib is a Bruton tyrosine kinase inhibitor approved for patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). ASCEND is the pivotal phase 3 study of acalabrutinib versus investigator's choice of ...idelalisib plus rituximab (IdR) or bendamustine plus rituximab (BR) in patients with relapsed/refractory (R/R) CLL. In the primary ASCEND analysis (median 16.1‐month follow‐up), acalabrutinib showed superior efficacy with an acceptable tolerability profile versus IdR/BR; here, we report final ~4 year follow‐up results. Patients with R/R CLL received oral acalabrutinib 100 mg twice daily until progression or unacceptable toxicity, or investigator's choice of IdR or BR. A total of 310 patients (acalabrutinib, n = 155; IdR, n = 119; BR, n = 36) were enrolled. At median follow‐up of 46.5 months (acalabrutinib) and 45.3 months (IdR/BR), acalabrutinib significantly prolonged investigator‐assessed progression‐free survival (PFS) versus IdR/BR (median, not reached NR vs 16.8 months; P < 0.001); 42‐month PFS rates were 62% (acalabrutinib) versus 19% (IdR/BR). Median overall survival (OS) was NR (both arms); 42‐month OS rates were 78% (acalabrutinib) versus 65% (IdR/BR). Adverse events led to drug discontinuation in 23%, 67%, and 17% of patients in the acalabrutinib, IdR, and BR arms, respectively. Events of clinical interest (acalabrutinib vs IdR/BR) included all‐grade atrial fibrillation/flutter (8% vs 3%), all‐grade hypertension (8% vs 5%), all‐grade major hemorrhage (3% vs 3%), grade ≥3 infections (29% vs 29%), and second primary malignancies excluding nonmelanoma skin cancer (7% vs 2%). At ~4 years follow‐up, acalabrutinib maintained favorable efficacy versus standard‐of‐care regimens and a consistent tolerability profile in patients with R/R CLL.
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FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
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