Notre étude a pour objet d’examiner comment le genre et les relations de pouvoir et d’affinité sont construits à travers le discours dans deux pièces de théâtre françaises et deux pièces de théâtre ...américaines écrites durant l’époque moderne (1890-1914), Margaret Fleming (1890) de James A. Herne, He and She (1911) de Rachel Crothers, Les avariés (1902) de Eugène Brieux et La triomphatrice (1914) de Marie Lenéru. Le but de l’étude est de combler l’écart entre le champ d’étude du langage et du genre ainsi que dans le champ de l’analyse linguistique des textes de théâtre dans les mondes francophones et anglophones. Pour combler cette lacune, nous avons choisi de développer un modèle d’analyse ancré dans l’évolution récente du champ de langage et de genre tout en prenant en considération l’analyse linguistique des textes de théâtres. Le modèle joint les théories anglophones de l’analyse critique du discours ainsi que les théories de l’analyse du discours françaises et les théories d’énonciation. Notre analyse nous a démontré que dans les pièces françaises et américaines, les systèmes linguistiques français et anglais utilisent les mêmes stratégies et procès linguistiques pour représenter le genre et les relations. Nous avons également constaté que dans les textes dramatiques, le genre est situationnel, dépendant du contexte, et intersectionnel, se croisant avec d’autres catégories tels la classe, l’âge et l’ethnicité, et dans le cas des textes dramatiques, les genres dramatiques et les rôles des personnages. Nos résultats présentent de nouvelles façons d’étudier et de lire le genre dans les discours dramatiques et montrent aussi l’importance de joindre des approches multiculturelles.
The purpose of this study was to investigate how gender, and power and affinity relationships areconstructed via discourse in two French and two American plays composed during the modern period (1890-1914): James A. Herne’s Margaret Fleming (1890), Rachel Crothers’s He and She (1911), Eugène Brieux’sLes Avariés (1902), and Marie Lenéru’s La Triomphatrice (1914). The study sought to fill the gap between,on the one hand, research in the field of language and gender that unsystematically analyzed literary anddramatic texts, and, on the other hand, studies in the field of the linguistic analysis of drama that analyzedlanguage and gender in plays without recourse to the theoretical underpinnings in language and genderstudies. To address this gap, a three-partite model analyzing the dramatic text, the situation of enunciation,and gendered discourses was developed, building on Critical Discourse Analysis and French DiscourseAnalysis, as well as research from the fields of language and gender, and the linguistic analysis of drama. Aclose examination of gendered representations and gendered usage using the model revealed that in Frenchand American drama, similar linguistic features are mostly deployed to construct gender and relationships.Results also showed that in dramatic texts, gender is situational, depending on context, and intersectional,often intersecting with other categories like class, age, and ethnicity, and in the case of dramatic texts,dramatic genres and roles. These findings present new ways of researching and reading gender in dramaticdiscourse. They also highlight the importance of combining multi-cultural approaches to analyze gender indramatic texts.
Technical writing is an essential communication skill for engineers. Professionally and academically, engineers need to communicate their work to their peers, clients, and managers. However, ...technical writing is generally not well addressed in the engineering curriculum. The goal of this study was to enhance the writing skills of chemical engineering B.Eng. students who took two core laboratory courses at an international engineering school where English is spoken as a second language. Our approach was to train the undergraduate students, train the graduate students in charge of grading the lab reports, revise the grading rubrics, and provide constructive feedback on the lab reports. To assess the success of our approach, we asked students to submit two writing assignments before and after our intervention, and submit their responses to our surveys at the end of the semester. The results showed that the majority of students and graduate assistants agreed on the positive impact of the intervention on students' communication skills.
Gaussian process latent class choice models Sfeir, Georges; Rodrigues, Filipe; Abou-Zeid, Maya
Transportation research. Part C, Emerging technologies,
March 2022, 2022-03-00, Volume:
136
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
Open access
•Integration of machine learning and discrete choice models.•New choice model referred to as Gaussian process latent class choice model.•Derivation and implementation of an expectation-maximization ...algorithm.•More complex and flexible representation of unobserved heterogeneity.•The model improves prediction accuracy without weakening economic interpretability.
We present a Gaussian Process – Latent Class Choice Model (GP-LCCM) to integrate a non-parametric class of probabilistic machine learning within discrete choice models (DCMs). Gaussian Processes (GPs) are kernel-based algorithms that incorporate expert knowledge by assuming priors over latent functions rather than priors over parameters, which makes them more flexible in addressing nonlinear problems. By integrating a Gaussian Process within a LCCM structure, we aim at improving discrete representations of unobserved heterogeneity. The proposed model would assign individuals probabilistically to behaviorally homogeneous clusters (latent classes) using GPs and simultaneously estimate class-specific choice models by relying on random utility models. Furthermore, we derive and implement an Expectation-Maximization (EM) algorithm to jointly estimate/infer the hyperparameters of the GP kernel function and the class-specific choice parameters by relying on a Laplace approximation and gradient-based numerical optimization methods, respectively. The model is tested on two different mode choice applications and compared against different LCCM benchmarks. Results show that GP-LCCM allows for a more complex and flexible representation of heterogeneity and improves both in-sample fit and out-of-sample predictive power. Moreover, behavioral and economic interpretability is maintained at the class-specific choice model level while local interpretation of the latent classes can still be achieved, although the non-parametric characteristic of GPs lessens the transparency of the model.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
Ammonia, which is one of the most important chemicals for the synthesis of dyes, pharmaceuticals, and fertilizers, is produced by the reaction of molecular hydrogen with nitrogen, over an iron-based ...catalyst at 400-500 °C under pressure of over 100 bar. Decreasing the operating temperature and pressure of this highly energy-intensive process, developed by Haber and Bosch over 100 years ago, would decrease energy consumption in the world. In this work, we used two-dimensional Mo2CTx MXene as a support for a cobalt-based catalyst. The MXene functionalized by Co showed catalytic activity for ammonia synthesis from H2 and N2 at temperatures as low as 250 °C, without any pretreatment. The developed catalyst was highly active for ammonia synthesis, demonstrating a high rate of up to 9500 μmol g-1active phase h-1 at 400 °C under ambient pressure in steady-state conditions, and did not suffer from any deactivation after 15 days of reaction. The apparent activation energy (Ea) was found to be in the range of 68-74 kJ mol-1, which is in line with values reported for highly active catalysts. This improved catalyst may decrease the energy consumption in the synthesis of ammonia and its derivatives, as well as facilitate the use of ammonia as a hydrogen carrier for renewable energy storage.Ammonia, which is one of the most important chemicals for the synthesis of dyes, pharmaceuticals, and fertilizers, is produced by the reaction of molecular hydrogen with nitrogen, over an iron-based catalyst at 400-500 °C under pressure of over 100 bar. Decreasing the operating temperature and pressure of this highly energy-intensive process, developed by Haber and Bosch over 100 years ago, would decrease energy consumption in the world. In this work, we used two-dimensional Mo2CTx MXene as a support for a cobalt-based catalyst. The MXene functionalized by Co showed catalytic activity for ammonia synthesis from H2 and N2 at temperatures as low as 250 °C, without any pretreatment. The developed catalyst was highly active for ammonia synthesis, demonstrating a high rate of up to 9500 μmol g-1active phase h-1 at 400 °C under ambient pressure in steady-state conditions, and did not suffer from any deactivation after 15 days of reaction. The apparent activation energy (Ea) was found to be in the range of 68-74 kJ mol-1, which is in line with values reported for highly active catalysts. This improved catalyst may decrease the energy consumption in the synthesis of ammonia and its derivatives, as well as facilitate the use of ammonia as a hydrogen carrier for renewable energy storage.
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Available for:
IJS, KILJ, NUK, PNG, UL, UM
Ammonia, which is one of the most important chemicals for the synthesis of dyes, pharmaceuticals, and fertilizers, is produced by the reaction of molecular hydrogen with nitrogen, over an iron-based ...catalyst at 400–500 °C under pressure of over 100 bar. Decreasing the operating temperature and pressure of this highly energy-intensive process, developed by Haber and Bosch over 100 years ago, would decrease energy consumption in the world. In this work, we used two-dimensional Mo2CT x MXene as a support for a cobalt-based catalyst. The MXene functionalized by Co showed catalytic activity for ammonia synthesis from H2 and N2 at temperatures as low as 250 °C, without any pretreatment. The developed catalyst was highly active for ammonia synthesis, demonstrating a high rate of up to 9500 μmol g–1 active phase h–1 at 400 °C under ambient pressure in steady-state conditions, and did not suffer from any deactivation after 15 days of reaction. The apparent activation energy (E a) was found to be in the range of 68–74 kJ mol–1, which is in line with values reported for highly active catalysts. This improved catalyst may decrease the energy consumption in the synthesis of ammonia and its derivatives, as well as facilitate the use of ammonia as a hydrogen carrier for renewable energy storage.
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IJS, KILJ, NUK, PNG, UL, UM
This study investigates the potential market demand of shared-ride taxi and shuttle services designed to serve members of organizations in dense urbanized areas. It develops and compares two ...different multivariate count data modeling approaches, the multinomial distribution and the full enumeration of count alternatives, under an integrated choice and latent variable framework. The study accounts for day-to-day variability in commuting behavior, also known as multimodality, by modeling the weekly frequency of commuting by different travel modes instead of modeling choices for a single trip/day. Using stated preference data collected in the Spring of Academic Year 2016–2017, the models are applied to a case study of students who are highly dependent on private cars at the American University of Beirut (AUB), Lebanon. Policy analysis is conducted to investigate the impact of different price levels and modal attributes on the students’ mode choice behavior. Under practical scenarios, results show that more than 55% of students would adopt a multimodal travel behavior in a given week and that 9–20% of trips are expected to be made by shared-taxi and 12–25% by shuttle. Thus, modeling single trip/day choices instead of weekly decisions would lead to limitations in model forecasts related to the full impact of the proposed policies over longer periods. Results also show that the full enumeration model guarantees higher prediction accuracy and results in an estimate of value of time that is closer to other local estimates for the study area.
•We investigate the potential market demand of shared-ride taxi and shuttle services in an organization-based context.•We account for multimodality by modeling weekly decisions instead of modeling single trip/day choices.•Two multivariate count data modeling approaches are developed under an integrated choice and latent variable framework.•Results show that commuters are more willing to use the proposed services occasionally rather than regularly.•Results also show that more than 55% of the population would adopt a multimodal travel behavior in a given week.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
Modulating the interaction between Mo nanoparticles and their support is an elegant approach to finely tune the structural, physico-chemical, redox and electronic properties of the active site. In ...this work, a series of molybdenum nitride catalysts supported on TiO
2
, and SBA-15 has been prepared and fully characterized. The results of characterization confirmed the high dispersion of Mo and the formation of small molybdenum nanoparticles in both the 10-Mo-N/SBA-15 and 10-Mo-N/TiO
2
catalysts. In this context, we have shown that the catalytic activity of Mo species was strongly impacted by the nature of the catalytic support. Amongst the studied supports, SBA-15 was found to be the most appropriate for Mo dispersion. In comparison, when supported on a reducible oxide (TiO
2
), Mo species showed poor catalytic activity in both ammonia synthesis and decomposition and were prone to quick deactivation in the ammonia synthesis reaction. Evidence of charge transfer from the reducible support to the active phase, indicative of possible SMSI behaviour, has been observed by XPS and EPR. Differences in the oxidation states, redox behaviours, and electronic properties have been further studied by means of EPR, H
2
-TPR and H
2
-TPD.
An elegant approach to finely tune the structural, physico-chemical, redox and electronic properties of the active site by modulating the interaction between Mo nanoparticles and their support.
This study presents a Latent Class Choice Model (LCCM) with a flexible class membership component. Specifically, it formulates the latent classes using Gaussian-Bernoulli mixture models and ...investigates the impact of such formulation on the representation of heterogeneity in the choice process, goodness-of-fit measures and out-of-sample prediction accuracy of the choice models. Mixture models are model-based clustering techniques that have been widely used in areas such as machine learning, data mining and pattern recognition for clustering and classification problems. An Expectation-Maximization (EM) algorithm is derived for the estimation of the proposed model. Using two different case studies on travel mode choice behavior, the proposed model is compared to traditional discrete choice models on the basis of parameter estimates’ signs, values of time, statistical goodness-of-fit measures, and cross-validation tests. Results show that mixture models improve the overall performance of latent class choice models by providing better out-of-sample predication accuracy in addition to better representations of heterogeneity without weakening the behavioral and economic interpretability of the choice models.
•Demand model that combines unsupervised machine learning and econometric models.•New Gaussian-Bernoulli Mixture Latent Class Choice Model.•An Expectation-Maximization algorithm is derived and implemented.•More complex and flexible representation of unobserved heterogeneity.•The model improves prediction accuracy without weakening economic interpretability.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
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