Cadmium (Cd) is an environmental toxic metal implicated in lipid abnormalities. The present study was designed to elucidate the possible association between chronic exposure to Cd concentration and ...alterations in plasma lipid, lipoprotein, and oxidative stress indices in rats. Sixteen male rats were assigned to 2 groups of 8 rats each (test and control). The Cd-exposed group obtained drinking water containing cadmium chloride (CdCl
) in the concentration of 2.0 mg Cd/L in drinking water for 3 months. At the end of the experimental period, blood samples were obtained to determine the changes of serum triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), reduced glutathione (GSH), malondialdehyde (MDA) and also serum Cd contents. The results of the present study indicated that Cd administration significantly increased the serum levels of TG, TC, LDL-C, MDA and Cd with reduction in the HDL-C and GSH levels. In conclusion, evidence is presented that chronic exposure to low Cd concentration can adversely affect the lipid and lipoprotein profile via lipid peroxidation.
Little is known about tissue changes underlying bone marrow lesions (BMLs) in non-weight-bearing joints with osteoarthritis (OA). Our aim was to characterize BMLs in OA of the hand using dynamic ...histomorphometry. We therefore quantified bone turnover and angiogenesis in subchondral bone at the base of the thumb, and compared the findings with control bone from hip OA.
Patients with OA at the base of the thumb, or the hip, underwent preoperative MRI to assess BMLs, and tetracycline labelling to determine bone turnover. Three groups were compared: trapezium bones removed by trapeziectomy from patients with thumb base OA (n = 20); femoral heads with (n = 24); and those without (n = 9) BMLs obtained from patients with hip OA who underwent total hip arthroplasty.
All trapezium bones demonstrated MRI-defined BMLs. Compared with femoral heads without BMLs, the trapezia demonstrated significantly higher bone turnover (mean sd 0.2 (0.1)
0.01 (0.01) µm
/µm
/day), mineralizing surface (18.5% (13.1)
1.4% (1.3)) and vascularity (5.2% (1.1)
1.2% (0.6)). Femoral heads with BMLs exhibited higher bone turnover (0.3 (0.2)
0.2 (0.1) µm
/µm
/day), a higher mineralization rate (26.6% (10.6)
18.6% (11.9)) and greater trabecular thickness (301.3 µm (108)
163.6 µm (24.8)) than the trapezia.
Bone turnover and angiogenesis were enhanced in BMLs of both the thumb base and hip OA, of which the latter exhibited the highest bone turnover. Thus, the increase in bone turnover in weight-bearing joints like the hip may be more pronounced than less mechanically loaded osteoarthritic joints demonstrating BMLs. The histological changes observed may explain the water signal from BMLs on MRI.
: M. Shabestari, N. J. Kise, M. A. Landin, S. Sesseng, J. C. Hellund, J. E. Reseland, E. F. Eriksen, I. K. Haugen. Enhanced angiogenesis and increased bone turnover characterize bone marrow lesions in osteoarthritis at the base of the thumb.
2018;7:406-413. DOI: 10.1302/2046-3758.76.BJR-2017-0083.R3.
Primary antibody deficiency (PAD) is the most common group of primary immunodeficiency disorders (PID), with a broad spectrum of clinical features ranging from severe and recurrent infections to ...asymptomatic disease.
The current study was performed to evaluate and compare demographic and clinical data in the most common types of PAD.
We performed a retrospective review of the medical records of all PAD patients with a confirmed diagnosis of common variable immunodeficiency (CVID), hyper IgM syndrome (HIgM), selective IgA deficiency (SIgAD), and X-linked agammaglobulinemia (XLA) who were diagnosed during the last 30 years at the Children's Medical Center, Tehran, Iran.
A total number of 280 cases of PAD (125 CVID, 32 HIgM, 63 SIgAD, and 60 XLA) were enrolled in the study. The median (range) age at the onset of disease in CVID, HIgM, SIgAD, and XLA was 2 (0-46), 0.91 (0-9), 1 (0-26), and 1 (0-10) years, respectively. Gastrointestinal infections were more prevalent in CVID patients, as were central nervous system infections in XLA patients. Autoimmune complications were more prevalent in HIgM patients, malignancies in CVID patients, and allergies in SIgAD patients. The mortality rate for CVID, HIgM, and XLA was 27.2%, 28.1%, and 25%, respectively. No deaths were reported in SIgAD patients.
SIgAD patients had the best prognosis. While all PAD patients should be monitored for infectious complications, special attention should be paid to the finding of malignancy and autoimmune disorders in CVID and HIgM patients, respectively.
Graphene oxide（GO） has a wide fluorescence bandwidth,which makes it a prospective candidate for numerous applications.For many of these applications,the fluorescence yield of GO should be further ...increased.The sp2-hybridized carbons in GO confine the π-electrons.Radiative recombination of electron-hole pairs in such sp2 clusters is the source of fluorescence in this material.Palladium nanoparticles are good catalysts for sp2 bond formations.We report on the preparation of GO,palladium nanoparticles and their nanocomposites in two different solvents.It is shown that palladium nanoparticles can considerably enhance the intrinsic fluorescence of GO in the blue-green part of the visible light spectrum.Fluorescence enhancement has been attributed to the catalytic role of palladium nanoparticles in increasing the number of sp2 bonds of GO with the molecules of the surrounding media.It is shown that palladium nanoparticles could be the nanoparticle of choice for fluorescence enhancement of GO because of their catalytic role in sp2 bond formation.
Although it is estimated that COVID-19 life-threatening conditions may be diagnosed in less than 1:1000 infected individuals below the age of 50, but the real impact of this pandemic on pediatric ...patients with different types of primary immunodeficiency (PID) is not elucidated. The current prospective study on a national registry of PID patients showed that with only 1.23 folds higher incidence of infections, these patients present a 10-folds higher mortality rate compared to population mainly in patients with combined immunodeficiency and immune dysregulation. Therefore, further management modalities against COVID-19 should be considered to improve the survival rate in these two PID entities using hematopoietic stem cell transplantation and immunomodulatory agents.
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EMUNI, FIS, FZAB, GEOZS, GIS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, SBNM, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
Abstract Background The Wiskott–Aldrich syndrome (WAS) is a rare X-linked recessive immunodeficiency disorder, caused by mutations in the WAS protein (WASP) gene and characterised by ...thrombocytopenia, small platelets, eczema, and recurrent infections associated with increased risk of autoimmunity and malignancy disorders. The gene for WAS has been mapped to the short arm of the X chromosome at Xp 11.22-23 and early detection of patients and diagnosis of new mutation might reduce related complications and increase their life expectancy. Method and result We found a novel mutation by sequence analysis of genomic DNA coding of a 9-month old boy suffering from WAS. The mutation was insertion G in exon 10 of WASP gene. The consequence of the G insertion is a premature stop immediately at amino acid 335 (N335X or p.G334GfsX1) and truncated protein. Conclusion The mutation analysis is helpful for the diagnosis of WAS patients and also expanding the spectrum of WASP mutations for carrier detection and prenatal diagnosis.
We present new data for the polarization observables of the final state proton in the (1)H(γ,p)π(0) reaction. These data can be used to test predictions based on hadron helicity conservation and ...perturbative QCD. These data have both small statistical and systematic uncertainties and were obtained with beam energies between 1.8 and 5.6 GeV and for π(0) scattering angles larger than 75° in the center-of-mass frame. The data extend the polarization measurements database for neutral pion photoproduction up to E(γ)=5.6 GeV. The results show a nonzero induced polarization above the resonance region. The polarization transfer components vary rapidly with the photon energy and π(0) scattering angle in the center-of-mass frame. This indicates that hadron helicity conservation does not hold and that the perturbative QCD limit is still not reached in the energy regime of this experiment.
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CMK, CTK, FMFMET, IJS, NUK, PNG, UM
Ventricular septal rupture (VSR) is an uncommon but serious complication of acute myocardial infarction (MI), associated with a high mortality rate. Although early surgical treatment improves the ...prognosis, hospital mortality after emergency surgery remains high. Transcatheter closure of postmyocardial infarction ventricular septal defect (PIVSD) has emerged as a potential strategy in selected cases. Current interventional reports are mainly restricted to PIVSD closure in the chronic and subacute setting, which only give a short term result. Herein, we report a case of acute post-MI VSR that was successfully closed using an Amplatzer postinfarction muscular ventricular septal defect (PIMVSD) occluder device with good immediate and long-term outcomes. The patient had undergone urgent coronary artery bypass surgery 3 days earlier in the setting of acute MI.
In this work, ternary nanocomposites of iron (II and III) oxides/reduced graphene oxide/polypyrrole (iron oxide/rGO/PPy) have been prepared as the electrode materials of the supercapacitor. These ...nanocomposites were prepared via a facile two-step process including, the synthesis of iron oxides/rGO binary nanohybrids by a one-pot chemical-microwave method and in situ oxidative polymerization. The morphological and structural characterizations of these nanocomposites were demonstrated decoration of the iron oxides on GO sheets and proper formation of iron oxide/rGO/PPy ternary nanocomposites. The electrochemical performance evaluation of the samples revealed charge storage mechanisms in both the binary and ternary nanocomposites. A high specific capacitance of 626.8 F g
−1
was obtained for the Fe
2
O
3
/rGO/PPy nanocomposite at a constant current density of 1 A g
−1
in a 1 M H
2
SO
4
solution electrolyte. This high specific capacitance (vs 158.2 F g
−1
for Fe
3
O
4
/rGO/PPy) can be assigned to the attendance of both electrical double-layer capacitance (EDLC) and pseudocapacitance mechanisms in its charge storage. The Fe
2
O
3
/rGO/PPy nanocomposite revealed the highest energy density of 87.05 Wh kg
−1
with a corresponding power density of 500 W kg
−1
. The frequency dependence and relaxation time constant investigation of these ternary nanocomposites revealed an ideal capacitive behavior at very low frequency and resistive behavior at the higher frequencies.
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