Contracaecum is a genus of nematodes belonging to the family Anisakidae, that parasitise many fishes which act as an intermediate or paratenic hosts, while the piscivorous birds and mammals are ...definitive hosts. A total of 44 third larval stage of Contracaecum were collected from 13 infected freshwater fishes belonging to five different species in different water bodies in Sulaimani Province, Kurdistan Region, Iraq from January to the end of December 2018. In this investigation, 966 fishes were collected including six species of Nemacheilidae, five species of Cyprinidae, three species of Leuciscidae, two species of Xenocyprididae, one species of each of Bagridae, Heteropneustidae, Mastacembelidae, Mugilidae, Siluridae and Sisoridae. This study revealed that five fish species (Cyprinus carpio, Luciobarbus barbulus, L. esocinus, L. xanthopterus and Mastacembelus mastacembelus) were infected with Contracaecum larvae with the prevalence of 2.05%, 0.92%, 1.92%, 19.35% and 1.06%, respectively. The Contracaecum larvae were morphologically studied by compound light microscope and the molecular analyses was done by amplification, sequencing and comparing different gene loci (ITS1, ITS2 and COX2) of isolated third larval stage of Contracaecum. The ITS1, ITS2 and COX2 were amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and sequenced. The sequences of ITS1, ITS2 and COX2 reveal that all Contracaecum larvae from all infected fishes represented exactly one species (Contracaecum rudolphii B) based on compering and identity percentage in Gene Bank database. Phylogenetic analysis of the genotype (for ITS1) was described. The genetic characterization of the Contracaecum larvae in the present study is available in the GenBank database and they were deposited in GenBank and their accession numbers were demonstrated.
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IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
The morphology of pharyngeal bones and teeth was determined on seven cyprinid species caught from the Greater Zab River, a tributary of Tigris River, located in the northern part of Iraq in the ...Kurdistan Region. Eleven morphological characters of the pharyngeal bone and teeth were identified, measured and compared from photographs of the 152 individual species collected. The relationship between pharyngeal bone total length and four‐dimensional measurements of the pharyngeal bone were determined using linear regression and multivariate analysis. Results show bone characteristics of the studied species are distinctly different in terms of shape, tooth number, tooth formulae and dimensions of the pharyngeal bones. Regression analysis shows positive coefficients of TL with all parameters PL, DL, PW and DP while multivariate linear discriminate analysis shows distinct groupings of each species using non‐dimensional measurements of the bone characters. The measurements gathered and application of biometric relationships to ease the identification of the cyprinid species contributes to the morphological information on cyprinid species in a data deficient region of the world. This work provides a new set of morphological characters of the pharyngeal bone and teeth of the seven cyprinid species from Northern Mesopotamia that may enable their separation from the members of their cyprinid genera.
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FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
A number of 220 common carp Cyprinus carpio Linnaeus 1758, were collected from two ponds (98 from pond A and 122 from pond B) in Taqtaq District, northeast from Erbil Province, Kurdistan Region, ...Iraq. During September 2021 to April 2022. The fishes were examined for bacteria that infect them. In this research revealed the fortune of thirteen species of bacteria. The identification of the isolates was carried out depending on the morphology of the colony, specific media, and identification using VITEK II compact system (Biomerieux- USA). Recording of eight species of bacteria (Streptpcoccus equi zooepidemicus, Methylobacterium spp, Rhizobium radiobacter, Burkholderia cepacia, B. multivorance, B. stabilis, B. vietnamiensis and Sphingobacterium thalpophilum) are considered the first record in Iraq, and recording of five species of bacteria (Staphylococcus lentus, Streptococcus thoraltensis, Klebsiella oxytoca, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Serratia fonticola) are the fisrt record in Kurdistan Region.
The Cyprinidae fish’s gills are considered the permanent habitat for Dactylogyrids spp., common monogenean ectoparasites. This study aims to investigate the impact of monthly aquatic ecological ...dynamics on the diversity of Dactylogyrus. Moreover, the prevalence and species richness were correlated as well. A total of 140 fishes, representing 12 species from the family Cyprinidae, were collected from the Lesser Zab River, located in the northeast of Altuon-Kopri town, Kurdistan Region, Iraq. The study was conducted from August 2022 to July 2023. The collected fishes included: Acanthobrama marmid (37), Alburnus mossulensis (9), Barbus (B.) sharpey (5), Capoeta (C.) damascina (7), C. umbla (3), Carasobarbus luteus (10), Carassus (C.) auratus (13), C. carassus (3), Chondrostoma regium (18), Cyprinion macrostomum (5), Cyprinus carpio (26) and Luciobarbus xanthopterus (4). They were inspected weekly for diversity variation and richness of Dactylogyridis with different aquatic parameters such as pH, temperature, total dissolved salts (TDS) and electrical conductivity (EC). The collected data revealed the presence of various Dactylogyridis species with different prevalence and species richness. Monthly variations revealed that the highest species richness occurslowermost the lowermostoccurred in March 2023, and the lowest was observed in September 2022. According to aquatic parameters, only water temperature shows a significant negative correlation according to the species richness (p<0.05). In contrast, the other parameters show no significant correlation in accordance to the different months, monthly aquatic mean level of pH, TDS and EC were not correlated with species richness and prevalence of Dactylogyridis spp.
Background: The association between man and the head lice is one of the oldest relationship and its history return to 10000 years ago. Blood sucking head lice belong to Kingdom Animalia, Class: ...Insecta, Order: Phiroptera, Family: Pediculidae, Genus: Pediculus, Species: humanus and Subspecies: capitis that’s obligate parasite on human this highly specialized to suck blood and close association with their host where completed its entire life cycle. Objective: To determine the rate of infestation by the head lice, Pediculus humanus capitis and its associated factors among primary school children in Erbil City. Patients and Methods: A case control study was conducted on the twenty two (22) randomly selected primary school in the center of Erbil city. For this purpose, a total of 1082 students (430 boys and 652 girls) were examined from first to sixth stage (age ≥6 years old) during 1st October 2020 to 31th May 2021. Personal requested information was recorded by student parents in a questionnaire form. Results: An overall prevalence of infestation of 25.5% (276/1082) was recorded in the present study. Study reveals the existence of a significant relationship age 6 and < 9 years old , 178/759 (23.5%), and ≥ 9 years old, 98/323 (30.3%), P = 0.0174, gender girls, 215/652 (33%) and boys, 61/430 (14.2%), P < 0.001, education level of parent (educated family, 146/694 (21%) and none educated family, 130/388 (33.5%), P < 0.001, longevity of hair long hair, 157/473 (33.2%) and short hair 119/609 (19.5%), P < 0.001 hair washing frequency daily washing, 243/587 (41.4%), and weekly washing 33/495 (6.7%), P < 0.001, hair combing condition common comb user,165/499 (33%) and special comb user, 111/583 (19%), P < 0.001 and sleeping habitat sleeping together 222/693 (32%) and sleeping habitat alone, 54/389 (13.9%), P < 0.001. There’s no significant existence related to density of students in classroom one student per table, 114/486 (23.5%) and sitting in pair, 162/596 (27.2%), P = 0.1621, hair type, smooth and wrinkle smooth hair, 183/741 (24.7%), 93/341 (27.3), P = 0.366 and head lice infestation. Conclusion: We concluded that head lice infestation rate was varied depending on the several physio and socioeconomic factors including, age, gender, type of hair, education level of parents, frequency of hair washing, sleeping habitat and condition of hair combing. Among variables, only density of pupils in classroom, smooth and wrinkled hair show no any significant relationship with pediculosis capitis (P- value = 0.1621 and P –value = 0.366 respectively). Keywords:Pediculus humanus capitis; Pediculosis; Head lice; Epidemiology; Erbil
Two species of Rhabdochona Railliet, 1916 (Nematoda: Rhabdochonidae) were recorded from cyprinid fishes in the basin of the River Tigris, northern Iraq: adults of R. (R.) tigridis Rahemo, 1978 ...(emend.) from Capoeta trutta (Heckel) and Cyprinion macrostomum Heckel and fourth-stage larvae of R. (Globochona) sp. from C. macrostomum, Barbus barbulus Heckel and Barbus kersin Heckel. Light and scanning electron microscopical studies of this material made possible a detailed redescription of R. tigridis, which is characterised by 14 anterior prostomal teeth and filamented eggs. It differs from the most similar species, R. fortunatowi Dinnik, 1933, mainly in the presence of large deirids close to the prostom. R. grandipapillata Rahemo '' Kasim, 1979 is considered a junior synonym of R. tigridis. Fourth-stage larvae of Rhabdochona (G.) sp., characterised by eight anterior prostomal teeth and the presence of caudal processes on the tail tip, represent the first record of a Rhabdochona species of the subgenus Globochona Moravec, 1972 in Iraq.
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EMUNI, FIS, FZAB, GEOZS, GIS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, SBNM, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
During the current study, random samples of fishes were taken from 26 localities mostly in the Lesser Zab and Sirwan tributaries within Sulaimani Province, Kurdistan Region, Iraq to survey the ...biodiversity of fish that are naturally found in water bodies of this province. The study was carried out during the period from January to the end of December 2018. A total of 2100 freshwater fishes, belonging to 35 species and eight families were collected. Among these fish species four native species are globally vulnerable. The study also demonstrated that Cyprinion macrostomum was the most abundant and wide spread species in this province, while Leuciscus vorax was scarce.
During April 2017 to the end of September 2017, a total of 34 Glyptothorax kurdistanicus were captured from Greater Zab River near Aski-Kalak Town, south east of Erbil City and some watersheds of ...Sharbazher area northeast of Sulaimani City, Kurdistan Region, Iraq. The study revealed the existence of five species of helminthes including two species of metacercaria of trematodes (Clinostomum complanatum, Diplostomum spathaceum), one species of cestode (Ligula intestinalis), one species of nematode (Procamallanus viviparous), and one species of acanthocephalan (Pomphoryhnchus spindletrucatus). Glyptothorax kurdistanicus in the present study is considered as a new host for all recorded parasitic helminthes in Iraq. Full description, prevalence and mean intensity of infection of these parasites were demonstrated in the present study.
This study presents the first record of the monogenean parasite Dactylogyrus dulkeiti Bychowsky, 1936 on gill filaments of the crucian carp Carassius auratus in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq. Fifty ...two fishes were collected from Dukan Lake that is located in the northwest of Sulaimani City from April to the end of July 2015. The prevalence of this parasite was 7.69% and the mean of intensity was 8.5. The description and measurement of this parasite has been discussed in details in the current work. The aim of the studyis to indicate the parasitic fauna of an exotic species of fish that introduced in Dukan Lake in Kurdistan Region of Iraq.
A new nematode species, Rhabdochona (Globochona) kurdistanensis sp. n. (Rhabdochonidae), is described based on specimens collected from the intestine of the barbel Luciobarbus kersin in the Greater ...Zab (type locality) and the Lesser Zab Rivers, Tigris River basin, Kurdistan Region, northern Iraq. It is mainly characterized by a prostom with 8 anterior teeth, the presence of basal prostomal teeth, bifurcated deirids, length ratio of the muscular and glandular portions of oesophagus (1:14.4-17.8), conspicuously short left spicule (180-204 microm), arrangement of genital papillae, nonfilamented eggs, and by having cuticular ornamentations on the tail tip (2 lateral denticular outgrowths in female and numerous fine spines in male). Description of a gravid female of Rhabdochona (Rhabdochona) sp. with 14 anterior prostomal teeth and filamented eggs, recorded from L. kersin of the Greater Zab River, is also provided. R. kurdistanensis sp. n. is the fifth valid species of Rhabdochona and the only representative of the subgenus Globochona recorded from Iraq.
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