Pueraria montana var. lobata (kudzu) is an important food and medicinal crop in Asia. However, the phylogenetic relationships between Pueraria montana var. lobata and the other two varieties (P. ...montana var. thomsonii and P. montana var. montana) remain debated. Although there is increasing evidence showing that P. montana var. lobata adapts to various environments and is an invasive species in America, few studies have systematically investigated the role of the phylogenetic relationships and evolutionary patterns of plastomes between P. montana var. lobata and its closely related taxa.
26 newly sequenced chloroplast genomes of Pueraria accessions resulted in assembled plastomes with sizes ranging from 153,360 bp to 153,551 bp. Each chloroplast genome contained 130 genes, including eight rRNA genes, 37 tRNA genes, and 85 protein-coding genes. For 24 newly sequenced accessions of these three varieties of P. montana, we detected three genes and ten noncoding regions with higher nucleotide diversity (π). After incorporated publically available chloroplast genomes of Pueraria and other legumes, 47 chloroplast genomes were used to construct phylogenetic trees, including seven P. montana var. lobata, 14 P. montana var. thomsonii and six P. montana var. montana. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that P. montana var. lobata and P. montana var. thomsonii formed a clade, while all sampled P. montana var. montana formed another cluster based on cp genomes, LSC, SSC and protein-coding genes. Twenty-six amino acid residues were identified under positive selection with the site model. We also detected six genes (accD, ndhB, ndhC, rpl2, rpoC2, and rps2) that account for among-site variation in selective constraint under the clade model between accessions of the Pueraria montana var. lobata clade and the Pueraria montana var. montana clade.
Our data provide novel comparative plastid genomic insights into conservative gene content and structure of cp genomes pertaining to P. montana var. lobata and the other two varieties, and reveal an important phylogenetic clue and plastid divergence among related taxa of P. montana come from loci that own moderate variation and underwent modest selection.
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DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Attracted by the exceptional structural rigidity and inherent porous structures of the Hf-based metal–organic frameworks (MOFs), we adopted a rapid synthesis approach to preparing three nanoscale ...MOFs, Hf-UiO-66 (1), Hf-UiO-66-(OH)2 (2), and Hf-UiO-66-NH2 (3), and systematically explored the water-assisted proton conductivities of the original ones and the post-modified products. Interestingly, the proton conductivities (σ) of all three MOFs exhibit significant temperature and humidity dependence. At 98% RH and 100 °C, their optimal σ values can reach up to 10–3 S·cm–1. Consequently, imidazole units are loaded into 1–3 to obtain related MOFs, Im@1, Im@2, and Im@3, and the σ values of the imidazole-loaded products are boosted to 10–2 S·cm–1. Note that these modifications not only do not change the frameworks of the pristine MOFs but also do not affect their high chemical and water stability. The proton-conductive mechanisms of these MOFs before and after modification have been thoroughly discussed based on structural analyses, N2 and H2O vapor adsorptions, and activation energy values. The excellent structural stability as well as the durability and stability of their proton conduction ability indicate that these MOFs can be used in the field of fuel cells and so on.
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IJS, KILJ, NUK, PNG, UL, UM
Abstract
Blueberry is a shallow root plant in which the absorption of nutrients is inefficient, resulting in slow growth under artificial cultivation conditions. Endophytes play an important role in ...promoting plant growth; however, the effects of Trichoderma spp. and dark septate endophytes (DSEs) on host plant growth and soil microorganisms are still debatable. We isolated two endophytic fungal species, Trichoderma koningiopsis (TK) and a DSE (Amesia nigricolor; AN), from blueberry roots, which can solubilize insoluble phosphorus and produce amylase and cellulase to promote plant growth. We found that under dual inoculation, the colonization rate and colonization intensity of TK were higher than they were under single inoculation with TK, while the colonization rate and colonization intensity of AN were lower under dual inoculation than under single inoculation with AN. The plant nutrients, root activity, available potassium, and parts of soil phosphatase activities were highest under dual inoculation. TK inoculation resulted in the highest diversity and richness in the soil fungi and bacteria, followed by dual inoculation. The abundance of Ascomycota, Acidobacteriae, Firmicutes, and Actinobacteriota increased significantly, resulting in Trichoderma and Vicinamibacteria inoculated with TK, Chaetomium and Alicyclobacillales inoculated with AN, and Hypocreales and Burkholderiaceae with dual inoculation enriched in the soil.
Single or dual inoculation of blueberry plants with Trichoderma koningiopsis and dark septate endophytes and investigated the changes of single or dual inoculation on blueberry growth, soil physicochemical properties, and the rhizosphere microbial community of soil, which the results clarify the effects of beneficial endophytic fungi on blueberry plants.
Circularly polarized electroluminescence (CPEL) is an active area of research because of its wide application in 3D displays and anti‐counterfeiting. However, it is not trivial to obtain a high ...asymmetry factor for highly efficient CPELs. Herein, a highly efficient CPEL is demonstrated with a superior asymmetry factor by using a chiral phosphine‐oxide‐passivated perovskite film as an emitter. An in situ‐formed perovskite nanocrystalline (NC) film is obtained by passivation of the chiral phosphine oxide. The as‐formed film exhibits much‐enhanced photoluminescence compared with the pristine film. More importantly, the NC film exhibits excellent chiral photoluminescence with a luminescence dissymmetry factor glum as high as 5.6 × 10−3. Electrically driven light‐emitting diodes based on the NC film exhibited superior device performance with a maximum brightness of 18,783 cd m−2 and a peak external quantum efficiency of 3.6%. More encouragingly, an unprecedented electroluminescence asymmetry factor gEL of up to 0.18 is achieved because of the chiral lattice distortion of the perovskite, which is the state‐of‐the‐art among hybrid materials.
A highly efficient CPEL solution is presented with superior asymmetry, achieved by utilizing a chiral phosphine‐oxide‐passivated perovskite film. This research introduces an in situ‐formed perovskite nanocrystalline (NC) film, displaying significantly enhanced photoluminescence and excellent chiral photoluminescence. Notably, electrically driven light‐emitting diodes based on this film outperform, reaching an unprecedented electroluminescence asymmetry factor, setting a new standard in hybrid materials.
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BFBNIB, FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
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Developing transition metal-based electrocatalysts with rich active sites for water electrolysis plays important roles in renewable energy fields. So far, some strategies including ...designing nanostructures, incorporating conductive support or foreign elements have been adopted to develop efficient electrocatalysts. Herein, we summarize recent progresses and propose in-situ electrochemical activation as a new pretreating technique for enhanced catalytic performances. The activation techniques mainly comprise facile electrochemical processes such as anodic oxidation, cathodic reduction, etching, lithium-assisted tuning and counter electrode electro-dissolution. During these electrochemical treatments, the catalyst surfaces are modified from bulk phase, which can tune local electronic structures, create more active species, enlarge surface area and thus improve the catalytic performances. Meanwhile, this technique can couple the atomic, electronic structures with electrocatalysis mechanisms for water splitting. Compared to traditional chemical treatment, the in-situ electrochemical activation techniques have superior advantages such as facile operation, mild environment, variable control, high efficiency and flexibility. This review may provide guidance for improving water electrolysis efficiencies and hold promising for application in many other energy-conversion fields such as supercapacitors, fuel cells and batteries.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZRSKP
In the early February, 2020, we called up an experts’ committee with more than 30 Chinese experts from 11 national medical academic organizations to formulate the first edition of consensus statement ...on diagnosis, treatment and prevention of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in children, which has been published in this journal. With accumulated experiences in the diagnosis and treatment of COVID-19 in children, we have updated the consensus statement and released the second edition recently. The current version in English is a condensed version of the second edition of consensus statement on diagnosis, treatment and prevention of COVID-19 in children. In the current version, diagnosis and treatement criteria have been optimized, and early identification of severe and critical cases is highlighted. The early warning indicators for severe pediatric cases have been summarized which is utmost important for clinical practice. This version of experts consensus will be valuable for better prevention, diagnosis and treatment of COVID-19 in children worldwide.
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EMUNI, FIS, FZAB, GEOZS, GIS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NLZOH, NUK, OBVAL, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, SBNM, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
Abstract Spatial resolution of scintillator is crucial for high‐quality X‐ray imaging, especially in tiny and complicated electronic component. In this work, PrPP 2 MnBr 4 single crystal is obtained ...by dual‐solvent evaporation method, which gives an unprecedented high spatial resolution of 104.3 lp/mm, representingstate of the art among non‐lead metal halides. The study also conducts the preparation of large area scintillation screen (10 cm × 10 cm) by solidifying melted salt PrPP 2 MnBr 4 , thus giving an excellent X‐ray imaging with spatial resolution of 53.5 lp mm −1 , which demonstrates its application on large area detection.
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BFBNIB, FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
NiSe@NiOOH core–shell hyacinth-like nanostructures supported on nickel foam (NF) have been successfully synthesized by a facile solvothermal selenization and subsequent in situ electrochemical ...oxidation (ISEO). First, the unique NiSe/NF nanopillar arrays were prepared in N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF) as a precursor template that can provide a large surface area, excellent conductivity, and robust support. Next, amorphous NiOOH covering the surface of NiSe nanopillars was fabricated by ISEO, as confirmed by XPS andEDX spectroscopy. SEM images revealed the hyacinth-like morphology of NiSe@NiOOH/NF with NiOOH as the shell and NiSe as the core. The electrochemical performance of NiSe@NiOOH/NF for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) was investigated. NiSe@NiOOH/NF demonstrates an obviously enhanced OER activity with much lower overpotential of 332 mV at 50 mA cm–2 compared to other Ni-based electrocatalysts. The low charge-transfer resistance (R ct), large electrochemical double-layer capacitance (C dl) of electrochemically active surface areas (ECSAs), and excellent long-term stability of NiSe@NiOOH/NF confirm the enhancement of its electrochemical performance for the OER, which can be ascribed to the large amount of active sites derived from the amorphous NiOOH shell and the good conductivity and stability derived from the NiSe core. In addition, the synergistic effect between the NiSe core and NiOOH shell could serve for a highly efficient OER electrocatalyst.
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IJS, KILJ, NUK, PNG, UL, UM
Perovskites are promising environmentally sustainable materials for circularly polarized electroluminescence (CPEL). While another chiral nonemissive layer is required for the developed ...perovskite-based CPEL, we report herein a highly efficient circularly polarized electroluminescence based on a single layer of quasi-2D perovskite with achiral phenethylammonium iodide (PEAI) and chiral S/R-1-(1-naphthyl)ethylammonium iodide (S/R-NEAI) as dual spacer cations. The quasi-2D perovskite was further passivated by carbazole-functionalized phosphonium. The as-fabricated film exhibits not only a circular dichroism (CD) signal but also prominent circularly polarized luminescence (CPL) activity with a maximum photoluminescence dissymmetry factor (g lum) of ∼2.1 × 10–3. More importantly, a highly efficient, spin-polarized light-emitting diode (LED) was fabricated based on the in situ passivated quasi-2D perovskite with a peak external quantum efficiency of 3.7% and a maximum electroluminescence dissymmetry factor (g EL) of ∼4.0 × 10–3.
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IJS, KILJ, NUK, PNG, UL, UM
A facile two-step method has been used to synthesize binary Ni-Fe sulfides supported on nickel foam (NF) as electrocatalysts for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER). Firstly, NiFe hydroxide ...nanosheets have been electrodeposited on NF (NiFe/NF) as a precursor with a large surface area. Secondly, the as-prepared NiFe/NF has been subjected to a hydrothermal sulfuration process in order to prepare NiFeS/NF as an efficient electrocatalyst for the OER. The as-prepared samples have been characterized by XRD, XPS and SEM. The SEM images show that the NiFeS film was composed of needle-like nanostructures covering the surface of the NF. The corresponding OER performances in alkaline media have been systematically investigated. NiFeS/NF shows a superior overpotential of 65 mV at 10 mA cm-2, which is much lower than most Ni-based electrocatalysts. The overpotential of 189 mV at 100 mA cm-2 of NiFeS/NF suggests very promising OER activity for industrial applications. The electrochemically active surface area (251.25 cm2) of NiFeS/NF is obviously larger than that of NiFeS/NF (173.75 cm2) and NiFeS/NF (205.00 cm2). However, the stability of NiFeS/NF is not very good due to the intrinsic nature of metal sulfides in alkaline solution. An approach of electrodeposition of Fe hydroxide film on NiFeS/NF (NiFeS-Fe/NF) has been used to protect NiFeS/NF for better stability for the OER. The OER performances of NiFeS-Fe/NF demonstrate enhanced stability but lower activity with 101.6 mV at 10 mA cm-2. Therefore, there may be an optimal balance between activity and stability of transition metal sulfides for the OER.
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