A
bstract
Low multiplicity celestial amplitudes of gluons and gravitons tend to be distributional in the celestial coordinates
z,
z
¯
. We provide a new systematic remedy to this situation by ...studying celestial amplitudes in a basis of light transformed boost eigenstates. Motivated by a novel equivalence between light transforms and Witten’s half-Fourier transforms to twistor space, we light transform every positive helicity state in the coordinate
z
and every negative helicity state in
z
¯
. With examples, we show that this “ambidextrous” prescription beautifully recasts two- and three-point celestial amplitudes in terms of standard conformally covariant structures. These are used to extract examples of celestial OPE for light transformed operators. We also study such amplitudes at higher multiplicity by constructing the Grassmannian representation of tree-level gluon celestial amplitudes as well as their light transforms. The formulae for
n
-point N
k−
2
MHV amplitudes take the form of Euler-type integrals over regions in Gr(
k, n
) cut out by positive energy constraints.
This review gives a proper dedicated understanding of the contamination level, sources, and biological dangers related with different classes of antibiotics in consumable water. The literature on the ...adsorption of antibiotics is relatively uncommon and developments are still under progression, especially for adsorbents other than activated carbon. Also, adsorption technique has already been applied vastly for water treatment. Notwithstanding significant progressions, designed natural wastewater treatment frameworks are just bearably effective (48–77%) in the expulsion of antibiotics. Hence, the compilation of available literature especially for antibiotic adsorption was much needed. Moreover, the conventional adsorbents have some limitations of their own. In this study, the main focus was laid on unconventional adsorbents such as Biochar, Biopolymers, Carbon Nanotubes, Clays, Metal-Organic Frameworks, Microalgae and some miscellaneous adsorbents. The mechanism of adsorption by the unconventional adsorbents includes electrostatic interactions, π-π bonding, weak Van der Waal forces, H-bonding and surface complexation, which was similar to that of conventional adsorbents and hence these unconventional adsorbents can easily replace the costlier conventional adsorbents with even better adsorption efficiency. This paper also briefly discussed the thermodynamics, adsorption equilibrium; isotherm and kinetics of adsorption. This review paper seizes the critical advances of adsorption phenomenon at various interfaces and lays the foundation for current scenario associated with further progress. Besides, this study would help in understanding the antibiotic adsorption, cost estimation and future goals that will attract the young the researchers of this field.
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•Antibiotic resistant genes (ARGs) developed from the bioaccumulation of antibiotic possess potent risks for future lives.•Conventional adsorbents are highly specific, require high cost of production, and are difficult to recover.•Unconventional adsorbents require less energy demand and are more susceptible to modifications.•The fixed-bed studies are more reliable than the batch method.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
A
bstract
Using the ambitwistor string, we compute tree-level celestial amplitudes for biadjoint scalars, Yang-Mills and gravity to all multiplicities. They are presented in compact CHY-like formulas ...with operator-valued scattering equations and numerators acting on a generalized hypergeometric function. With these we extend the celestial double copy to tree-level amplitudes with arbitrary number of external states. We also show how color-kinematics duality is implemented in celestial amplitudes and its interpretation in terms of a generalized twisted cohomology theory.
•The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 pandemic has led to an urgent need to assess its epidemiology•The global spread of virus is due to human-to-human transmission•Existing treatment ...is essentially supportive; the role of antiviral agents is yet to be established•Biomarker detection could be useful in early screening for infection
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The emergence and rapid spread of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), a potentially fatal disease, is swiftly leading to public health crises worldwide. The origin of SARS-CoV-2 infection was first reported in people exposed to a seafood market in Wuhan City, China in December 2019. It has been suggested that the infection is likely to be of zoonotic origin and transmitted to humans through a not-yet-known intermediary. As of 22 May 2020, the World Health Organization reported that there were approximately 4,995,996 confirmed cases and 327,821 deaths. SARS-CoV-2 is transmitted via inhalation or direct contact with droplets from infected people. It has an incubation period ranging from 2 to ≥14 days. The rate of spread of SARS-CoV-2 is greater than that for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus and Middle East respiratory coronavirus. The symptoms are similar to influenza (i.e. breathlessness, sore throat and fatigue) and infected cases are isolated and treated. Infection is mild in most cases, but in elderly (>50 years) patients and those with cardiac and respiratory disorders, it may progress to pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome and multi-organ failure. People with strong immunity or those who have developed herd immunity are asymptomatic. The fatality rate ranges from 3% to 4%. Recommended methods for diagnosis of COVID-19 are molecular tests (e.g. polymerase chain reaction) on respiratory secretions, chest scan and common laboratory diagnosis. Currently, treatment is essentially supportive, and the role of antiviral agents is yet to be established as a vaccine is not yet available. This review will focus on epidemiology, symptoms, transmission, pathogenesis, ongoing available treatments and future perspectives of SARS-CoV-2.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
Previous studies have shown an increase in the prevalence of overweight and obesity among Canadian children from 23.3% to 34.7% during 1978-2004. We examined the most recent trends by applying ...current definitions of overweight and obesity based on World Health Organization (WHO) body mass index (BMI) thresholds and recently validated norms for waist circumference and waist:height ratio.
We examined directly measured height and weight data from the Canadian Community Health Survey (2004-2005) and the Canadian Health Measures Survey (2009-2013). We calculated z scores for BMI, height and weight based on the 2014 WHO growth charts for Canada, including the new extension of weight-for-age beyond 10 years. To calculate z scores for waist circumference and waist:height ratios, we used new charts from the reference population in the US NHANES III (National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1988-1994).
Data were available for 14 014 children aged 3-19 years for the period 2004-2013. We observed a decline in the prevalence of overweight or obesity, from 30.7% (95% confidence interval CI 29.7% to 31.6%) to 27.0% (95% CI 25.3% to 28.7%) (p < 0.001) and stabilization in the prevalence of obesity at about 13%. These trends persisted after we adjusted for age, sex and race/ethnicity. Although they declined, the median z scores for BMI, weight and height were positive and higher than those in the WHO reference population. The z scores for waist circumference and waist:height ratio were negative, which indicated that the Canadian children had less central adiposity than American children in historic or contemporary NHANES cohorts.
After a period of dramatic growth, BMI z scores and the prevalence of overweight or obesity among Canadian children decreased from 2004 to 2013, which attests to progress against this important public health challenge.
•The prediction accuracy of the co-simulation and BES models are compared.•Co-simulation methodology comprising EnergyPlus and Ansys fluent is developed.•Active and passive use of PCM during natural ...and forced convection are modeled.•BES models are recommended for modeling PCM use during natural convection.•Co-simulation is advised for active and passive use of PCM under forced convection.
Building energy simulation (BES) tools are key instruments for sizing the PCM based system in the built environment and analyzing its effect on thermal comfort and energy demand. Due to complex solidification and melting phenomena of PCM, BES tools have limitations in predicting its performance with buildings. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) tools are also used to model the PCM, but those models are not integrated with the building simulation models. This study aims to develop a co-simulation framework between BES tool (EnergyPlus) and CFD tool (Ansys Fluent) to model the PCM integrated built environment and compare its prediction accuracy with the most popular BES tool, i.e., EnergyPlus. Three experimental case scenarios 1) Active use of PCM, 2) Passive use of PCM during natural convection and 3) Passive use of PCM during forced convection have been modeled for prediction accuracy assessment. A common accuracy index (Root Mean Square Error) is used along with temporal temperature variation for the comparison. The results highlight that the proposed co-simulation has better prediction accuracy than the BES tool for active use of PCM and passive use of PCM under forced convection. For modeling the passive use of PCM during natural convection, BES tool is recommended. Since in the extreme climatic conditions, PCM with active use and forced convection are effective compared to the passive use of PCM, this study would be useful in modeling the built environment with PCM at early building design stages for extreme climatic conditions.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
A
bstract
We compute the operator product expansions of gluons and gravitons in celestial CFT from the worldsheet OPE of vertex operators of four-dimensional ambitwistor string theories. Remarkably, ...the worldsheet OPE localizes on the short-distance singularity between vertex operator insertions which in turn coincides with the OPE limit of operator insertions on the celestial sphere. The worldsheet CFT dynamically produces known celestial OPE coefficients — as well as infinite towers of SL(2, ℝ) descendant contributions to the celestial OPE — without any truncations or approximations. We obtain these results for all helicities and incoming/outgoing configurations. Furthermore, the worldsheet OPE encodes the infinite-dimensional symmetry algebras associated with the conformally soft sectors of gauge theory and gravity. We provide explicit operator realizations of the currents generating these symmetries on ambitwistor space in terms of vertex operators for soft gluons and gravitons, also computing their actions on hard particles of all helicities. Lastly, we show that the worldsheet OPE for momentum eigenstates produces the collinear splitting functions of gluons and gravitons.
With the increasing prevalence of growing population, aging and chronic diseases continuously rising healthcare costs, the healthcare system is undergoing a vital transformation from the traditional ...hospital-centered system to an individual-centered system. Since the 20th century, wearable sensors are becoming widespread in healthcare and biomedical monitoring systems, empowering continuous measurement of critical biomarkers for monitoring of the diseased condition and health, medical diagnostics and evaluation in biological fluids like saliva, blood, and sweat. Over the past few decades, the developments have been focused on electrochemical and optical biosensors, along with advances with the non-invasive monitoring of biomarkers, bacteria and hormones, etc. Wearable devices have evolved gradually with a mix of multiplexed biosensing, microfluidic sampling and transport systems integrated with flexible materials and body attachments for improved wearability and simplicity. These wearables hold promise and are capable of a higher understanding of the correlations between analyte concentrations within the blood or non-invasive biofluids and feedback to the patient, which is significantly important in timely diagnosis, treatment, and control of medical conditions. However, cohort validation studies and performance evaluation of wearable biosensors are needed to underpin their clinical acceptance. In the present review, we discuss the importance, features, types of wearables, challenges and applications of wearable devices for biological fluids for the prevention of diseased conditions and real-time monitoring of human health. Herein, we summarize the various wearable devices that are developed for healthcare monitoring and their future potential has been discussed in detail.
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IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
Since the discovery of DNA intercalating agents (by Lerman, 1961), a growing number of organic, inorganic, and metallic compounds have been developed to treat life-threatening microbial infections ...and cancers. Fused-heterocycles are amongst the most important group of compounds that have the ability to interact with DNA. DNA intercalators possess a planar aromatic ring structure that inserts itself between the base pairs of nucleic acids. Once inserted, the aromatic structure makes van der Waals interactions and hydrogen-bonding interactions with the base pairs. The DNA intercalator may also contain an ionizable group that can form ionic interactions with the negatively charged phosphate backbone. After the intercalation, other cellular processes could take place, leading ultimately to cell death. The heterocyclic nucleus present in the DNA intercalators can be considered as a pharmacophore that plays an instrumental role in dictating the affinity and selectivity exhibited by these compounds. In this work, we have carried out a revision of small organic molecules that bind to the DNA molecule via intercalation and cleaving and exert their antitumor activity. A general overview of the most recent results in this area, paying particular attention to compounds that are currently under clinical trials, is provided. Advancement in spectroscopic techniques studying DNA interaction can be examined in-depth, yielding important information on structure-activity relationships. In this comprehensive review, we have focused on the introduction to fused heterocyclic agents with DNA interacting features, from medicinal point of view. The structure-activity relationships points, cytotoxicity data, and binding data and future perspectives of medicinal compounds have been discussed in detail.
IMPORTANCE: Based on the new 2017 blood pressure guidelines, the prevalence of high blood pressure (BP) among adults has increased from 32% to 46%. Based on new norms and diagnostic thresholds that ...better align with adult definitions, new clinical practice guidelines were also published for children. The American Academy of Pediatrics clinical practice guidelines for the management of elevated BP in children replace the 2004 fourth report from the National, Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute. OBJECTIVES: To assess the consequences of the American Academy of Pediatrics clinical practice guidelines for the management of elevated BP in children on the prevalence and severity of elevated BP among children and to characterize risk factors for children with new-onset hypertension or a worsening in clinical stage (“reclassified upward”). DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: This study applied both sets of guidelines to classify BP in 15 647 generally healthy, low-risk children aged 5 to 18 years from National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (from January 1, 1999, to December 31, 2014). In the case-control portion of the study, children whose BP was reclassified upward (cases) were matched for sex, age, and height with controls with normal BP. Anthropometric and laboratory risk factors were compared, and age- and sex-specific z scores for weight, waist circumference, and body mass index were calculated. Blood pressure was measured by auscultation by trained personnel. After the child rested quietly for 5 minutes, 3 to 4 consecutive BP readings were recorded. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES: Blood pressure percentiles and clinical classification based on either the 2017 American Academy of Pediatrics guidelines or the 2004 National, Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute report. RESULTS: Among the 15 647 children in the study (7799 girls and 7848 boys; mean SD age, 13.4 2.8 years), based on the American Academy of Pediatrics guidelines, the estimated (weighted) population prevalence of elevated BP increased from 11.8% (95% CI, 11.1%-13.0%) to 14.2% (95% CI, 13.4%-15.0%). Overall, 905 of 15 584 children (5.8%) had newly diagnosed hypertension (n = 381) or a worsening in clinical stage (n = 524), which represents a substantial increase in disease burden for the health care system. Children whose BP was reclassified upward were more likely to be overweight or obese, with higher z scores for weight, waist circumference, and body mass index. The prevalence of abnormal laboratory test results was also increased, with adverse lipid profiles and increased hemoglobin A1c levels (prediabetes). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: Clustering of cardiovascular risk factors in otherwise healthy US children suggests that those whose BP was reclassified represent a high-risk population whose cardiovascular risk may previously have been underestimated.
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