In this article, we develop a mathematical model considering susceptible, exposed, infected, asymptotic, quarantine/isolation and recovered classes as in case of COVID-19 disease. The facility of ...quarantine/isolation have been provided to both exposed and infected classes. Asymptotic individuals either recovered without undergo treatment or moved to infected class after some duration. We have formulated the reproduction number for the proposed model. Elasticity and sensitivity analysis indicates that model is more sensitive towards the transmission rate from exposed to infected classes rather than transmission rate from susceptible to exposed class. Analysis of global stability for the proposed model is studied through Lyapunov’s function.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
Monsoon rainfall has always been a key driver of the Indian economy. Understanding the spatiotemporal rainfall pattern and its prediction is therefore of great importance. The present endeavor ...implements a beta seasonal autoregressive moving average (BSARMA) model to forecast the southwest monsoon rainfall (June–September) in five homogeneous regions of the Indian subcontinent. The southwest monsoon rainfall data set for the period 1871–2016 was utilized to conduct the analysis. The best-fit model for each region was selected on the basis of diagnostic analysis and the Akaike information criterion (AIC). Further, the conditional maximum likelihood estimator was employed to compute the parameters of the models. The accuracy of the models was assessed using root mean square error (RMSE), mean absolute error (MAE), and mean absolute scaled error (MASE). The study demonstrates that the BSARMA model outperforms the seasonal autoregressive integrated moving average (SARIMA) model in all three measures.
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DOBA, EMUNI, FIS, FZAB, GEOZS, GIS, IJS, IMTLJ, IZUM, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, SBNM, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
This study analyzes the thermal instability in the Casson nanofluid suspended with aerobic microorganisms. Flow governing equations are modeled by incorporating the effects of Brownian motion, ...solutal concentration, and thermophoretic diffusion. Normal mode analysis is performed to discuss the stability of the fluidic system. The obtained eigenvalue problem is solved by employing the weighted residual Galerkin method. Further, the effects of flow governing parameters such as solutal Rayleigh number, bioconvection Rayleigh number, Dufour parameter, porosity, and Solutal parameter on the stability of the fluidic system are discussed graphically. It is concluded from the study that Casson nanoliquid delays the onset of bioconvection.
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EMUNI, FIS, FZAB, GEOZS, GIS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, SBNM, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
Abstract We report the discovery of intertwined/entangled substructures toward the bubble wall of NGC 3324 below a physical scale of 4500 au, which is the sharp edge/ionization front/elongated ...structure traced at the interface between the H ii region and the molecular cloud. The sharp edge appears wavy in the Spitzer 3.6–8.0 μ m images (resolution ∼2″). Star formation signatures have mostly been traced on one side of the ionization front, which lies on the molecular cloud’s boundary. The James Webb Space Telescope’s (JWST) near- and mid-infrared images (resolution ∼0.″07—0.″7) are employed to resolve the sharp edge, which has a curvature facing the exciting O-type stars. The elongated structures are associated with the 3.3 μ m polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) emission, the 4.05 μ m ionized emission, and the 4.693 μ m H 2 emission. However, the PAH-emitting structures are depicted between the other two. The H 2 emission reveals numerous intertwined substructures that are not prominently traced in the 3.3 μ m PAH emission. The separation between two substructures in the H 2 emission is ∼1.″1 or 2420 au. The intertwined substructures are traced in the spatial areas associated with the neutral to H 2 transition zone, suggesting the origin of these structures by “thin-shell” instability. Furthermore, an arc-like feature traced in the Spitzer 3.6–8.0 μ m images is investigated as a bipolar H ii region (extent ∼0.35 pc) at T d ∼25–28 K using the JWST images. A massive-star candidate VPHAS-OB1 #03518 seems to be responsible for the bipolar H ii region.
Nanocolumnar aluminum thin films (Al nanorod films) were grown on Titanium (Ti)/glass substrates in a vacuum at different oblique inclination angles by an electron-beam evaporator. The Al ...nanorod/Ti/glass substrates were used as anode electrode for lithium (Li) ion batteries. The thickness of the Al nanorod thin films was controlled to be 100nm, which was confirmed by their cross-section microstructure. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns showed a highly textured (111) orientation for all the films, regardless of the deposition angle, revealing that the as-synthesized products are made of high purity Al. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis confirmed that the peak of the Al film was observed at a binding energy of 74.24eV. A three-electrode cell was employed for the Li ion battery performance tests, in which metallic Li sheets were used as counter and reference electrodes. The galvanic charge–discharge profiles were carried out at a constant current of 700mAg−1 from 0.01V to 3.00V. The aligned Al nanorod thin film demonstrated the highest specific capacity reported so far of 1293mAhg−1 in the propylene carbonate–dimethyl carbonate (PC–DMC) electrolytes, which is in close agreement with the theoretical one (1420mAhg−1). The average columbic efficiency was observed to be 91%.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK
Abstract
The primary objective of this study is to investigate non-linear Bénard convection in a single-walled carbon nanotube suspension saturated in a rotating porous medium with an internal heat ...sink/source. The modified Buongiorno model is utilized to formulate the governing equations for the flow. Both linear and weak non-linear stability analyses are conducted in this investigation. The linear stability analysis employs the truncated Fourier series transformation, while the weakly non-linear stability analysis utilizes the Lorenz model, assuming weak thermophoresis, porous friction, and small-scale convective motion. The cubic Ginzburg–Landau equation is formulated and subsequently solved to derive the expression for the amplitude. The influence of various parameters, such as the Taylor number, heat sink/source parameter, and viscosity parameter, is discussed in relation to the threshold criteria of convection, as well as heat and mass transport rates. Based on the linear stability analysis, it is determined that the introduction of a rotating frame of reference delays the initiation of convection, whereas the energy supplied to the system accelerates the onset of convection. The heat transfer rate increases by
22
%
when the nanofluidic system is placed in the rotating frame of reference under the presence of an internal heat source.
The present paper deals with the study of the propagation of Rayleigh surface waves in homogeneous isotropic, thermodiffusive elastic half-space. After developing the formal solution of the model, ...the secular equations for stress free, thermally insulated or isothermal, and isoconcentrated boundary conditions of the half-space have been obtained. The secular equations have been solved by using irreducible Cardano's method with the help of DeMoivre's theorem in order to obtain phase velocity and attenuation coefficient of waves under consideration. The motion of the surface particles during the Rayleigh surface wave propagation is also discussed and found to be elliptical in general. The inclinations of wave normal with the major axis of the elliptical path of a typical particle have also been computed. Finally, the numerically simulated results regarding phase velocity, attenuation coefficient, specific loss and thermo-mechanical coupling factors of thermoelastic diffusive waves have been obtained and presented graphically. Some very interesting and useful characteristics of surface acoustic waves have been obtained, which may help in improving the fabrication quality of optical and electronic devices in addition to construction and design of materials such as semiconductors and composite structures. Therefore, this work finds applications in the geophysics and electronics industry.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK
A linear stability analysis is performed to analyze bioconvection in a dilute suspension of gyrotactic microorganisms in horizontal shallow fluid layer cooling from below and saturated by a porous ...medium, in the rigid boundary case. It is established that due to cooling from below thermally stratified layer is stabilized, which opposes the development of bioconvection and the situations for oscillatory convection may take place. The stability criterion is obtained in terms of thermal Rayleigh number, bioconvection Rayleigh number, gyrotactic number, bioconvection Peclet number, measure of cell eccentricity, Prandtl number, and Lewis number. It is observed that the presence of porous medium results in decrease of the magnitude of critical bioconvection Rayleigh number in comparison with its non-existence; hence due to porous effect, the system becomes less stable.
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EMUNI, FIS, FZAB, GEOZS, GIS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, SBNM, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
Condensed tannins (CTs) are flavonoid oligomers, many of which have beneficial effects on animal and human health. The flavanol (-)-epicatechin is a component of many CTs and contributes to flavor ...and astringency in tea and wine. We show that the BANYULS (BAN) genes from Arabidopsis thaliana and Medicago truncatula encode anthocyanidin reductase, which converts anthocyanidins to their corresponding 2,3-cis-flavan-3-ols. Ectopic expression of BAN in tobacco flower petals and Arabidopsis leaves results in loss of anthocyanins and accumulation of CTs.
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