Nitrogen fixation is a key process that sustains life on Earth. Nitrogenase is the sole enzyme capable of fixing nitrogen under ambient conditions. Extensive research efforts have been dedicated to ...elucidating the enzyme mechanism and its artificial activation through high applied voltage, photochemistry, or strong reducing agents. Harnessing light irradiation to minimize the required external bias can lower the process's high energy investment. Herein, we present the development of photo-bioelectrochemical cells (PBECs) utilizing BiVO4/CoP or CdS/NiO photoanodes for nitrogenase activation toward N2 fixation. The constructed PBEC based on BiVO4/CoP photoanode requires minimal external bias (200 mV) and suppresses O2 generation that allows efficient activation of the nitrogenase enzyme, using glucose as an electron donor. In a second developed PBEC configuration, CdS/NiO photoanode was used, enabling bias-free activation of the nitrogenase-based cathode to produce 100 μM of ammonia at a faradaic efficiency (FE) of 12%. The ammonia production was determined by a commonly used fluorescence probe and further validated using 1H-NMR spectroscopy. The presented PBECs lay the foundation for biotic-abiotic systems to directly activate enzymes toward value-added chemicals by light-driven reactions.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
Abstract
For the first time, we provide a comprehensive and annotated list of 74 certain, likely, and possible Greek loanwords in Samaritan Aramaic, paying due attention to the variegated ...distribution of the loans in the different textual genres and chronological stages of the dialect. Greek loanwords in Jewish and Christian Palestinian Aramaic as well as Rabbinic Hebrew are compared throughout. The study provides insights into the contact situation of Greek and Samaritan Aramaic in Late Antique Palestine. An appendix contains short discussions of 22 additional lexical items for which a Greek etymon has been proposed erroneously.
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DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
•PAPSA remains an understudied area of research.•Professionals struggle with its complex and multifaceted nature and the lack of clear definitions guiding intervention.•The meanings that participants ...associate with PAPSA are strongly related to the characteristics of the peers involved, the type and the severity of the sexual acts and the luck of social discourse on sexuality in young aeges.
Child sexual abuse (CSA) has received considerable recent attention from scholars, contributing to prevention and therapeutic intervention services worldwide. However, CSA is still defined as a form of abuse characterized by age and power gaps between victims and perpetrators, despite ample evidence to the contrary. This may explain why preadolescent peer sexual abuse (PAPSA) remains an understudied area of research. PAPSA is generally defined as sexual acts that are developmentally inappropriate and or harmful between children of the same or similar age. The current study was designed to examine educational and therapeutic practitioners’ perceptions of PAPSA and their interactions with children and youth in their care who experienced this form of abuse, specifically focusing on children between the ages of 6–12. Forty in-depth interviews were conducted with practitioners who have encountered PAPSA in their professional lives, using snowball purposeful sampling. The interviews were analyzed using the qualitative thematic analysis method. The results revealed that participants struggled to make meaning and understand the effects of the phenomenon. To make sense of their experiences in encountering PAPSA, they relied on specific contextual elements related to (1) the characteristics of the peers involved, such as age, gender, and personal history; (2) the type and severity of the sexual acts and the effects on the survivors’ lives; and (3) the social discourse on sexuality—in particular, on sexual abuse—within the relevant age group. Relating to each of these contexts helped them to make sense of their experiences. Additionally, the final theme that emerged was the potential of educational and therapeutic environments to become spaces where PAPSA can be addressed in a compassionate way. The discussion emphasizes the complex and multifaceted nature of the PAPSA phenomenon, the lack of clear definitions guiding intervention, and the urgent need to advance theory to promote both prevention and therapeutic intervention efforts.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
This paper studies a phenomenon attested in the grammar of the late Ashkenazi tradition of Rabbinic Hebrew: construct-state nouns that are identical to the independent form. Although known to a ...limited extent from other traditions of Rabbinic Hebrew, this phenomenon is widely documented in the Ashkenazi tradition to the extent that, for several noun patterns, the analogous construct states are the regular, expected forms.
The paper examines the construct states documented in the Mishnah for masculine noun patterns starting with qamets in an open syllable (קטול ,קטיל ,קטל and so on), for which the identity of the construct state to the absolute state is especially prominent. Based mainly on two printed versions of the Mishnah that faithfully represent the popular Ashkenazi tradition, several indirect sources were used in addition, all of which represent a trustworthy Ashkenazic tradition.
The study showed that, for the noun patterns surveyed, the Ashkenazi tradition presents a regular system, in which the form of the construct state is identical to the absolute state. Examples include ,מקום סכנה ,שליח ציבור,בשר חזיר and the like. These forms are found in almost all examples of the construct state documented in the Mishnah for these noun patterns, and even the few exceptions can usually be explained. This indicates a syntactic perception of each word as an independent unit and the weakening of the function of construct phrases as phrases that combine nouns into one syntactic-morphological unit.
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Harmful preadolescent sexual behavior (HPSB) is an understudied phenomenon in the field of child sexual abuse (CSA).
The purpose of the present study was to analyze and describe the experiences and ...perceptions of adult survivors of HPSB.
16 survivors of HPSB were recruited as part of a purposeful sample. Their ages at the time of the study ranged from 21 to 50; they were Jewish-Israeli, secular, and Hebrew-speaking.
Semi-structured interviews and qualitative thematic analysis were conducted based on a descriptive phenomenological-psychological approach.
Participants described elements of complexity in their perceptions of the “truthiness” of their memories and the mutuality of the HPSB experiences, as well as their primacy, seriousness, and life impact. They also described elements of support during disclosure, but mostly exposed the challenges and hardship involved, particularly the lack of legitimacy in exposing harmful sexual behavior perpetrated by other children.
Both the HPSB experiences themselves and the subsequent disclosure contributed to the development of detached, mistrustful identities among the participants.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
Biomass is an attractive source of renewable energy with the potential to help replace conventional fossil fuels, and efforts are being directed toward its utilization. Polysaccharide-based raw ...materials can be treated chemically or enzymatically to be further utilized as glucose, added-value chemicals, or fuel. While these industrial processes are well established, direct biomass conversion to pollution-free electrical power still needs to be developed. Herein, we present a biotic-abiotic model system that facilitates direct conversion of cellulosic material into electrical power. The photodriven electrochemical configuration operates under bias-free conditions to reach above 1 mW/cm2 and 1 V open-circuit voltage while coupled to an enzyme-based biocathode. To enable high photooxidation efficiency, a BiVO4-based photoanode is tailored to suppress undesired competing reactions, namely water oxidation, without affecting glucose-oxidation capabilities. The developed photo(bio)electrochemical cell presents a platform that may be utilized for the conversion of other environmental threat materials to electrical energy.
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•Bismuth vanadate is utilized for photooxidizing glucose and suppresses water oxidation•A biotic-abiotic cell enables the conversion of cellulose into electrical power•The photobioelectrochemical cell shows great stability with high photocurrents
Developing systems that can convert waste into electrical energy is of great importance. Herein, Shemesh et al. present a biotic/abiotic photo(bio)electrochemical cell for the conversion of biomass into electrical power and added-value compounds.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
Lumbar spinal canal stenosis (LSCS) is a degenerative disease observed by hypertrophy of the ligamentum flavum (LF) that cause compression of the lumbar neural content. Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a ...risk factor for the disease and we have shown previously that DM increases the fibrosis and elastic fiber loss in patients with LSCS. The purpose of this study was to find the proteins that play a role in the development of this clinical pathogenesis and the effect of DM on protein expression. LF tissue retrieved from patients diagnosed with LSCS, some were also diagnosed with DM, were compared with LF from patients diagnosed with herniated nucleus pulposus (HNP). The tissues were analyzed by mass spectrometry for proteins profile alteration. We found that LF of LSCS/DM patients exhibited significantly higher levels of proteoglycan proteins and latent transforming growth factor β‐binding protein (LTBP2 and LTBP4). Additionally, an increase of HTRA serine protease 1 and insulin‐like growth factor binding protein‐5 were noted. The higher fibrosis was also associated with proteins related to inflammation and slower tissue repair. Collagen 6 and transforming growth factor inhibitor are related to activation of the anti‐inflammatory M2 pathway that is associated with tissue repair. The decrease of these proteins expression in LSCS/DM is associated with increased levels and activation of M1 pro‐inflammatory pathways. Interestingly, C3 and C4b members of the complement complex and mannose receptor‐like protein (CLEC18) paralogous proteins were detectable solely at the LSCS/DM patients’ samples. Histology analysis shows that inflammatory was induced by the hyperglycemic conditions in diabetic patients involve in altering the matrix compositions. Thus, the protein profiles associated with inflammatory pathways affecting the LF suggested increasing susceptibility of developing the degeneration under hyperglycemic conditions.
We present our work studying the molecular basis of ligamentum flavus hypertrophy, with and without the influence of diabetes mellitus. We found difference in protein expression that is associated with fibrosis, chondral metaplasia, and hyperglycemia.
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BFBNIB, FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
Quantum candies (qandies) represent a type of pedagogical simple model that describes many concepts from quantum information processing (QIP) intuitively without the need to understand or make use of ...superpositions and without the need of using complex algebra. One of the topics in quantum cryptography that has gained research attention in recent years is quantum digital signatures (QDS), which involve protocols to securely sign classical bits using quantum methods. In this paper, we show how the "qandy model" can be used to describe three QDS protocols in order to provide an important and potentially practical example of the power of "superpositionless" quantum information processing for individuals without background knowledge in the field.
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IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
Seedling establishment under natural conditions is limited by numerous interacting factors. Here, we tested the combined effects of drought, herbaceous competition, and ectomycorrhizal inoculation on ...the performance of Aleppo pine seedlings grown in a net-house. The roots of all pine seedlings were strongly dominated by
Geopora
, a fungal genus known to colonize seedlings in dry habitats. Ectomycorrhizal fungi (EMF) inoculum significantly increased seedling height, biomass, and the number of side branches. However, under either competition or drought, the positive effect of EMF on seedling biomass and height was greatly reduced, while the effect on shoot branching was maintained. Further, under a combination of drought and competition, EMF had no influence on either plant growth or shape. The discrepancy in pine performance across treatments highlights the complexity of benefits provided to seedlings by EMF under ecologically relevant settings.
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EMUNI, FIS, FZAB, GEOZS, GIS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, SBNM, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
Protein homeostasis is remodeled early in Caenorhabditis elegans adulthood, resulting in a sharp decline in folding capacity and reduced ability to cope with chronic and acute stress. Endocrine ...signals from the reproductive system can ameliorate this proteostatic collapse and reshape the quality control network. Given that environmental conditions, such as food availability, impact reproductive success, we asked whether conditions of dietary restriction (DR) can also reverse the decline in quality control function at the transition to adulthood, and if so, whether gonadal signaling and dietary signaling remodel the quality control network in a similar or different manner. For this, we employed the eat‐2 genetic model and bacterial deprivation protocol. We found that animals under DR maintained heat shock response activation and high protein folding capacity during adulthood. However, while gonadal signaling required DAF‐16, DR‐associated rescue of quality control functions required the antagonistic transcription factor, PQM‐1. Bioinformatic analyses supported a role for DAF‐16 in acute stress responses and a role for PQM‐1 in cellular maintenance and chronic stress. Comparing the stress activation and folding capacities of dietary‐ and gonadal‐signaling mutant animals confirmed this prediction and demonstrated that each differentially impacts cellular quality control capabilities. These data suggest that the functional mode of cellular quality control networks can be differentially remodeled, affecting an organism's ability to respond to acute and chronic stresses during adulthood.
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DOBA, FZAB, GIS, IJS, IZUM, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
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