Metabolic switch from oxidative phosphorylation to aerobic glycolysis, which is also called the Warburg effect, is a hallmark of osteosarcoma (OS) and leads to the enhancement of cell ...chemoresistance, growth, metastasis, and invasion. Emerging evidence indicates that long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) plays a crucial role in the Warburg effect of cancer cells. Here, we report that lncRNA KCNQ1OT1 was upregulated in OS. Meanwhile, functional experiments demonstrated that the KCNQ1OT1 facilitated proliferation and suppressed apoptosis of OS cells. In addition, KCNQ1OT1 contributed to the Warburg effect by stimulating aldolase A (ALDOA) expression. Furthermore, using bioinformatics analysis, luciferase reporter, RNA immunoprecipitation, and RNA pull-down assay, we identified that KCNQ1OT1 functions as a competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) by sponging miR-34c-5p, which inhibited ALDOA expression by directly targeting its 3'UTR. Taken together, these data identified a key role of KCNQ1OT1 in glucose metabolism reprogramming of OS. Targeting the KCNQ1OT1/miR-34c-5p/ALDOA axis may be a potential therapeutic target in OS treatment.
Summary
Heterosis is a fundamental biological phenomenon characterized by the superior performance of a hybrid compared with its parents. The underlying molecular basis for heterosis, particularly ...for allopolyploids, remains elusive. In this study we analyzed the transcriptomes of Brassica napus parental lines and their F1 hybrids at three stages of early flower development. Phenotypically, the F1 hybrids show remarkable heterosis in silique number and grain yield. Transcriptome analysis revealed that various phytohormone (auxin and salicylic acid) response genes are significantly altered in the F1 hybrids relative to the parental lines. We also found evidence for decreased expression divergence of the homoeologous gene pairs in the allopolyploid F1 hybrids and suggest that high‐parental expression‐level dominance plays an important role in heterosis. Small RNA and methylation studies aimed at examining the epigenetic effect of the changes in gene expression level in the F1 hybrids showed that the majority of the small interfering RNA (siRNA) clusters had a higher expression level in the F1 hybrids than in the parents, and that there was an increase in genome‐wide DNA methylation in the F1 hybrid. Transposable elements associated with siRNA clusters had a higher level of methylation and a lower expression level in the F1 hybrid, implying that the non‐additively expressed siRNA clusters resulted in lower activity of the transposable elements through DNA methylation in the hybrid. Our data provide insights into the role that changes in gene expression pattern and epigenetic mechanisms contribute to heterosis during early flower development in allopolyploid B. napus.
Significance Statement
We found that the majority of small interfering RNA clusters had a higher expression level in F1 hybrids than in the parents, and there was an increase in the genome‐wide DNA methylation of F1 hybrids. Our data provide insights into the role that changes in gene expression pattern and epigenetic mechanisms play in heterosis during early flower development in allopolyploid B. napus.
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BFBNIB, FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
Nano-hydroxyapatite (n-HA) is the main inorganic component of natural bone, which has been widely used as a reinforcing filler for polymers in bone materials, and it can promote cell adhesion, ...proliferation, and differentiation. It can also produce interactions between cells and material surfaces through selective protein adsorption and has therefore always been a research hotspot in orthopedic materials. However, n-HA nano-particles are inherently easy to agglomerate and difficult to disperse evenly in the polymer. In addition, there are differences in trace elements between n-HA nano-particles and biological apatite, so the biological activity needs to be improved, and the slow degradation in vivo, which has seriously hindered the application of n-HA in bone fields, is unacceptable. Therefore, the modification of n-HA has been extensively reported in the literature. This article reviewed the physical modification and various chemical modification methods of n-HA in recent years, as well as their modification effects. In particular, various chemical modification methods and their modification effects were reviewed in detail. Finally, a summary and suggestions for the modification of n-HA were proposed, which would provide significant reference for achieving high-performance n-HA in biomedical applications.
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IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
Aramid fiber–reinforced plastic (AFRP) composites have been widely used in aerospace, defense, and automotive industries. Proven by practical experience, a brad drill can effectively reduce ...drilling-induced damages in drilling of AFRP due to its unique tool geometry. While the delamination mechanism and the associated analytical model of the brad drill are crucial for improving hole quality and machining accuracy, these aspects were rarely discussed in the literature. This study reports the first work on the delamination mechanism in the context of drilling AFRP by brad drill through detailed analysis of tool/material interactions. A novel analytical model of the critical thrust force (CTF) is proposed for the prediction of both hole wall and hole exit delamination. Model analysis shows that the hole wall delamination is more likely to occur prior to hole exit delamination when the remaining uncut material is thinner than 0.38 mm. When the thickness of the uncut material is greater than 0.4 mm, no hole wall delamination will occur. Through analysis of thrust force components generated by different cutting edges on the total CTF, the contribution of cutting spurs on the thrust force is found to be more effective at suppressing hole wall delamination. The model and the associated experimental validation of this study have laid down a foundation for the design and optimization of drill bits in the future.
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DOBA, EMUNI, FIS, FZAB, GEOZS, GIS, IJS, IMTLJ, IZUM, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NLZOH, NUK, OBVAL, OILJ, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, SBNM, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
Tissue-resident memory T (Trm) cells are a subset of recently identified memory T cells that mainly reside and serve as sentinels in non-lymphoid peripheral tissues. Unlike the well-characterized ...circulating central memory T (Tcm) cells and effector memory T (Tem) cells, Trm cells persist in the tissues, do not recirculate into blood, and offer immediate protection against pathogens upon reinfection. In this review, we focus on CD8
Trm cells and briefly introduce their characteristics, development, maintenance, and function during viral infection. We also discuss some unresolved problems, such as how CD8
Trm cells adapt to the local tissue microenvironment, how Trm cells interact with other immune cells during their development and maintenance, and the mechanisms by which CD8
Trm cells confer immune protection. We believe that a better understanding of these problems is of great clinical and therapeutic value and may contribute to more effective vaccination and treatments against viral infection.
Aramid fiber–reinforced plastic (AFRP) composites have been widely used in automotive, aerospace, and defense industries. The common AFRP drilling process tends to cause damage to the composite ...structures which subsequently affects their fatigue lives and in-service performance. Understanding the mechanism of cutting force generation is crucial in controlling the cutting process for achieving desired hole quality and machining accuracy. This study proposes a novel mechanistic model considering both the cutting action and the extrusion action of the chisel edge. For the first time, the extrusion force generated by the chisel edge has been considered as a rigid wedge penetrating into an elastic half space based on the Hertz contact theory. The total thrust force in AFRP drilling is divided into three components: (i) thrust force generated by the cutting lips, (ii) thrust force generated by the chisel edge cutting action, and (iii) extrusion force generated by the chisel edge extrusion action. The proposed model was then validated by experiments and data was compared with the case where extrusion was not considered. The results show that our novel mechanistic model can provide a more accurate thrust force prediction. The average error of our model was 2.54% against the experimental data, whereas the error seen in conventional model without accounting extrusion was 8.22%. This suggests that the chisel edge extrusion plays a significant part in the drilling of AFRP and hence confirms the necessity of considering extrusion in establishing the associated mechanistic model.
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DOBA, EMUNI, FIS, FZAB, GEOZS, GIS, IJS, IMTLJ, IZUM, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NLZOH, NUK, OBVAL, OILJ, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, SBNM, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
The application of the carbon fiber–reinforced polymer (CFRP) becomes increasing in aerospace. In this paper, based on the two-parameter elastic foundation model, a representative volume element ...(RVE) method is used to establish the deflection curve equation of the cutting fiber as the thickness of the uncut material changes. The cutting force prediction model was proposed from the three areas of the chipping area of the rake face, the bounding area of the flank face, and the shearing area of the tool nose. The deformation process of the cutting fiber under different cutting depths was analyzed. The relationship between the uncut material thickness and the fiber deformation length was discussed. The orthogonal cutting experiment of unidirectional carbon fiber–reinforced polymer (UD-CFRP) in the thickness direction was conducted to verify the model. The experimental results show that the relative errors between theoretical and experimental values of the cutting force
F
y
and
F
x
are 8.2 and 1%, respectively, when the cutting depth is 0.025 mm. The theoretical cutting force is in good agreement with the experimental cutting force, which proved the accuracy of the fiber deflection curve model. The deflection curve and the debonding length of the cutting fiber changes with the uncut material thickness under different cutting depths of 0.025, 0.05, and 0.075 mm. In addition, it explains the formation of burrs when the thickness of the uncut material is 0.1 mm.
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DOBA, EMUNI, FIS, FZAB, GEOZS, GIS, IJS, IMTLJ, IZUM, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, SBNM, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
Abstract
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is still a major public health problem worldwide. We aimed to identify new, non-invasive biomarkers for the early diagnosis of chronic HBV-related diseases, ...reveal alterations in the progression of chronic hepatitis B (CHB), liver cirrhosis (LC), and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Here, exosomes were isolated and characterized through size exclusion chromatography and nanoparticle tracking analysis. Profiles of differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) were analyzed through liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS), Gene Ontology, and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes analyses. Results showed that the DEPs, including CO9, LBP, SVEP1, and VWF levels in extracellular vesicles (EVs) were significantly higher in CHB than in healthy controls (HCs). VWF expression levels in EVs were significantly lower in CHB than in those with LC. KV311 expression levels in EVs were significantly higher, whereas LBP levels were significantly lower in patients with CHB than in those with HCC. All biomarkers seemed to exhibit a high diagnostic capacity for HBV-related liver disease. Patients with HBV-induced chronic liver disease exhibit characteristic protein profiles in their EVs. Thus, serum exosomes may be used as novel, liquid biopsy biomarkers to provide useful clinical information for the diagnosis of HBV-related liver diseases at different stages.
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IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
Massive multiple-input multiple-output (M-MIMO) brings better robustness and spectral efficiency but higher computational challenges compared to small-scale MIMO. One of the key challenges is the ...large-scale matrix inversion, as widely employed in channel estimation and detection. Traditionally, to address the issue, several low-complexity matrix inversion methods have been proposed, including the tri-diagonal matrix approximation (TMA) and the Neumann-series approximation (NSA). Although the previous methods effectively alleviate the computational cost, they all fail to exploit the typical properties of channel matrices, leading to unsatisfactory error-rate performance in some non-ideal scenarios. To solve the issue, in this paper, a two-level and block diagonal based improved Neumann series approximation (TL-BD-INSA) algorithm is proposed, which is suitable for both ideal uncorrelated channels and the correlated channels with multiple-antenna user equipment (MAUE) system. First, a two-level block diagonal iteration based on matrix partition is employed, which exhibits performance comparable to the exact method while having a lower computational load. An improved normalization factor is then introduced to accelerate convergence. Numerical results show that, for <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">128\times 32</tex-math></inline-formula> MIMO with MAUE non-ideal channel, the proposed algorithm performs only 0.25 dB away from the exact matrix inversion when bit error rate (BER) <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX"> = 10^{-3}</tex-math></inline-formula>. The implementation on Xilinx Virtex-7 FPGA and ASIC with TSMC 45 nm shows that the proposed detector can achieve 1731 bps/slices and 0.463 Gbps/mm<inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">^2</tex-math></inline-formula> hardware efficiency, respectively, demonstrating that the proposed system can achieve a well trade-off between error performance and implementation efficiency.
In China, winning the battle for blue skies is a focal point of the central government’s environmental governance efforts. Public evaluations provide validity and legitimacy to the Chinese ...government’s top-level design for environmental governance. This study utilizes data from two waves of the Chinese General Social Survey (CGSS) conducted in 2013 and 2021, paired with objective air quality data, to conduct a longitudinal analysis of public evaluation of central government environmental governance in China. Furthermore, it explores the relationships between perceived air pollution, objective air quality, environmental knowledge, and public assessment of central government environmental performance. The findings indicate the following: (1) Over the past decade, there has been a noticeable improvement in air quality in China, leading to a significant enhancement in public perception of the central government’s environmental performance. (2) Subjective perceptions of air pollution have a significant negative impact on evaluations of the central government, whereas objective environmental governance measures do not exhibit significant effects. (3) Environmental knowledge plays a negative moderating role in the relationship between perceived air pollution and public assessment of central government environmental performance; individuals with higher levels of environmental knowledge tend to express greater dissatisfaction with the central government’s environmental performance upon perceiving air pollution. These research findings offer valuable insights for informing the formulation of environmental governance policies by the central government of China and provide lessons for other developing and highly polluting countries.
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