To determine whether interrupting prolonged sitting with three different activity breaks has both acute and chronic effects on postprandial lipid metabolism immediately after the activity‐break ...period and on the following day, this study is a secondary analysis of an experimental research, which included 16 sedentary healthy adults (7 men, 24 ± 3 years, BMI 22.2 ± 2.3 kg/m2) who completed four 26‐h laboratory trials. Participants spent 22.5 hours in a whole room calorimeter for testing energy expenditure (EE), including a 9‐h activity‐break period: (a) 9‐h prolonged sitting (SIT); (b) 3 minutes of brisk walking (60% VO2max) in between every 30‐min sitting bout (WALK3), (c) 5 minutes every 45‐min (WALK5), and (d) 8 minutes every 60‐min (WALK8). Total area under the curve (tAUC) and incremental AUC (iAUC) for 2‐h postprandial serum triglyceride (TG) levels and non‐esterified fatty acid (NEFA) levels were examined immediately after the 9‐h trial (post‐dinner) and the next morning (post‐breakfast). WALK8 reduced the post‐breakfast TG tAUC by 11% (P = .041) relative to SIT, and the effect was attenuated after adjustment for EE. The tAUC and iAUC indicated no significant treatment effects on post‐dinner TG and NEFA, and post‐breakfast NEFA in any of the activity‐break trials. EE was positively associated with the post‐breakfast NEFA iAUC (unstandardized β = 0.17 µmol/L/MJ 0.05‐0.28, P = .006). There was a chronic effect of interrupting sitting with short bouts (8 minutes) of brisk walking every 60 minutes on postprandial lipemia the following morning after intervention, and higher activity bout‐induced EE may be more effective in sedentary, healthy adults.
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BFBNIB, FSPLJ, FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
Pressure sensors have gained widespread attention in recent years, playing an important role in wearable devices, smart skin and human-computer interaction. Nevertheless, the high performance of ...pressure sensors usually requires a complex and high-cost preparation process. Worse yet, it has been established that pressure sensors mainly powered by external batteries, which cannot meet the needs of ultra-long standby and portability. Herein, we present a reduced graphene oxide (rGO)-cloth based pressure sensor with laser-induced graphene (LIG) prepared by a simple and low-cost preparation process. LIG not only contribute to the sensitivity of pressure sensors (from 20.6 kPa−1 to 30.3 kPa−1), but also improve the transfer charge density of triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) (from 160 µC/m2 to 270 µC/m2). Given these advantages, a high-performance self-powered measurement-control combined system consisting of the LIG-based pressure sensors and TENG is constructed, which bears huge potential to support the development of wearable devices, smart skin and human-computer interaction.
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•The preparation method of high-performance pressure sensors is simple, low-cost, environmentally-friendly.•LIG not only contribute to the sensitivity of pressure sensors, but also improve the transfer charge density of TENG.•This study improves the performance of two devices required for our system in a simple and low-cost way.•A self-powered measurement-control combined system has been constructed to detect both detect dynamic and static forces.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
This study focuses on the screening of cadmium-resistance bacterial strains from heavy metal-polluted soils to examine their plant growth promotion and cadmium uptake in rape (
Brassica napus). A ...large number of bacteria were isolated from heavy metal-polluted soil in Nanjing, China. Thirty isolates showing cadmium-resistance on Cd-amended medium were selected and evaluated for their potential to solubilize cadmium carbonate in solution culture. Atomic absorption spectrometer analysis showed variable amounts of water-soluble Cd (ranging from 24 to 117
mg
l
−1) released by the cadmium-resistant bacterial strains from cadmium carbonate. Qualitative analysis confirmed the presence of indole acetic acid as the auxin in the culture of these cadmium-resistant bacterial strains. Root elongation assay conducted on rape under gnotobiotic conditions demonstrated increases (up to 31%) in root elongation of inoculated rape seedlings compared to the control plants. Based upon cadmium-resistance, bio-activation of CdCO
3 and growth-promoting activity, three isolates were selected for promoting plant growth and uptake of cadmium from cadmium-amended soil in pot experiments. Inoculation with the isolates was found to increase root dry weight (ranging from 8% to 20%) and shoot dry weight (ranging from 6% to 25%) of rape. An increase in cadmium content varying from 16 to 74%, compared to the non-inoculated control, was observed in rape plants cultivated in soil treated with 100
mg
Cd
kg
−1 (as CdCl
2) and inoculated with the isolates. The bacterial isolates were also able to colonize and develop in the rhizosphere soil of rape after root inoculation.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK
Systematic review and meta-analysis.
This study aimed to assess the incidence of heterotopic ossification (HO) 10 years after cervical disk replacement (CDR).
HO is a common complication after CDR ...and may limit the range of motion of the artificial disk. As HO usually progresses slowly, a long-term follow-up is required to better understand its incidence. In recent years, the increasing number of original articles reporting 10-year outcomes gives us the opportunity to better understand the long-term incidence of HO.
We searched PubMed, Medline, Embase, and Cochrane Library databases to identify eligible studies. The incidence of HO was pooled, and subgroup analysis was performed. Meta-regression analyses were conducted to identify factors contributing to heterogeneity.
Eleven studies with at least 10 years of follow-up comprising 1140 patients who underwent CDR were included. The pooled incidence of overall HO was 70% (95% CI, 60%-81%) at 10 years postoperatively, 60% (95% CI, 44%-75%) at five or six years postoperatively, and 50% (95% CI, 27%-72%) at one or two years postoperatively. The pooled incidence of severe HO (grade 3 or 4) was 37% (95% CI, 29%-45%), and mild HO (grade 1 to 2) was 30% (95% CI, 17%-44%) at 10 years of follow-up. Pooled range of motion decreased from 8.59° before surgery to 7.40° 10 years after surgery. Subgroup analysis showed that HO incidence differed according to the prosthesis type. The earlier publication was associated with a higher pooled incidence of severe HO in the meta-regression analysis.
This is the first meta-analysis providing detailed information on the pooled 10-year incidence of HO after CDR. The incidence of HO seems to increase with the length of follow-up.
3.
The use of water as an oxygen and hydrogen source for the paired oxygenation and hydrogenation of organic substrates to produce valuable chemicals is of utmost importance as a means of establishing ...green chemical syntheses. Inspired by the active Ni3+ intermediates involved in electrocatalytic water oxidation by nickel‐based materials, we prepared NiBx as a catalyst and used water as the oxygen source for the oxygenation of various organic compounds. NiBx was further employed as both an anode and a cathode in a paired electrosynthesis cell for the respective oxygenation and hydrogenation of organic compounds, with water as both the oxygen and hydrogen source. Conversion efficiency and selectivity of ≥99 % were observed during the oxygenation of 5‐hydroxymethylfurfural to 2,5‐furandicarboxylic acid and the simultaneous hydrogenation of p‐nitrophenol to p‐aminophenol. This paired electrosynthesis cell has also been coupled to a solar cell as a stand‐alone reactor in response to sunlight.
Dynamic duo: NiBx@NF was employed as both the anode and the cathode in a paired electrosynthesis cell for the oxygenation and hydrogenation of organic compounds, respectively, with water as both the oxygen and hydrogen source. Excellent conversion efficiency and selectivity were observed during the oxygenation of 5‐hydroxymethylfurfural and the simultaneous hydrogenation of p‐nitrophenol (see picture).
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BFBNIB, FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
The dramatic rise of data‐intensive workloads has revived application‐specific computational hardware for continuing speed and power improvements, frequently achieved by limiting data movement and ...implementing “in‐memory computation”. However, conventional complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) circuit designs can still suffer low power efficiency, motivating designs leveraging nonvolatile resistive random access memory (ReRAM), and with many studies focusing on crossbar circuit architectures. Another circuit primitive—content addressable memory (CAM)—shows great promise for mapping a diverse range of computational models for in‐memory computation, with recent ReRAM–CAM designs proposed but few experimentally demonstrated. Here, programming and control of memristors across an 86 × 12 memristor ternary CAM (TCAM) array integrated with CMOS are demonstrated, and parameter tradeoffs for optimizing speed and search margin are evaluated. In addition to smaller area, this memristor TCAM results in significantly lower power due to very low programmable conductance states, motivating CAM use in a wider range of computational applications than conventional TCAMs are confined to today. Finally, the first experimental demonstration of two computational models in memristor TCAM arrays is reported: regular expression matching in a finite state machine for network security intrusion detection and definable inexact pattern matching in a Levenshtein automata for genomic sequencing.
Memristor content addressable memory (CAM) arrays with nanoscale memristor devices are developed experimentally and used to demonstrate two novel computing applications on‐chip—network security intrusion detection using a finite state machine and definable inexact pattern matching in a Levenshtein automata for genomic sequencing. This work demonstrates the promise of in‐memory compute circuits using emerging devices to accelerate broad computing applications.
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BFBNIB, FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is the primary organelle responsible for the synthesis, modification, folding and secretion of proteins, especially in specialized secretory cells. It also contributes ...to the maintenance of cellular functions, such as Ca2+ storage, lipogenesis, gluconeogenesis, and organelle biogenesis. Cellular stress conditions, such as glucose deprivation, hypoxia and disturbance of Ca2+ homeostasis, may increase the risk of protein misfolding and perturb proteostasis. This activates ER stress and triggers the unfolded protein response (UPR), leading to either the restoration of homeostasis or cell death. ER stress and UPR have been shown to play crucial roles in the pathogenesis, progression and treatment response of various cancers. In gastric cancer (GC), one of the most aggressive cancer types, critical functions of ER stress signaling have also started to emerge. Herein, we summarize the current knowledge linking ER stress and UPR to GC; we also discuss the possible nodes of therapeutic intervention and propose directions of future research.
•Cancer cells exploit UPR signaling in response to ER stress.•ER stress and UPR emerge to play important roles in GC development.•Targeting ER homeostasis may have novel therapeutic potential for GC.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
Carbon materials such as graphite, graphene, carbon nanotubes and ordered mesoporous carbon have attracted a lot of attention for their use in fuel cells, due to beneficial properties like high ...conductivity, high mechanical and chemical stability and, for the latter, high surface area. Doping these materials with nitrogen or, less commonly, other elements alters their (electronic) properties, making them particularly suitable for application as electrocatalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) in a fuel cell. This paper reviews the synthesis methods employed for the doping of these different types of carbon materials with various elements and the characterization techniques used to investigate their physicochemical properties such as degree of graphitization, dopant content, dopant configuration and surface area. Furthermore, their application as electrocatalysts for the oxygen reduction in a fuel cell is reviewed. Finally, the possible mechanisms for the ORR on N-doped carbon materials are critically discussed and compared to the mechanisms of commercial Pt/C electrocatalysts.
Different lengths of rutile TiO2 nanowires (NW) with wide-open space for effective material filling were used as photoanodes for perovskite solar cells. Cells with 900 nm nanowires as photoanodes ...exhibit a current density of 22 mA cm(-2) and an efficiency of 11.7%, outperforming the reported TiO2 nanowire-based perovskite solar cells.
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