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为明确脱贫地区农村人居环境整治思路，本研究通过国家农村人居环境政策演变的梳理和典型县域农村人居环境整治现状的问卷调研，探讨脱贫地区农村人居环境整治框架。结果表明，2004年以来，历年中央一号文件分阶段强调农村基础设施建设、村庄环境整治和农村人居环境整治工作。调查县农业废弃物中农膜和棚膜未回收的村庄占比为29.33%和22.51%，但秸秆和畜禽粪便资源化利用程度较高；公共厕所、污水处理等基础设施的村庄普及率相对较低，农户院落闲置率和倒塌率分别为21.93%和13.28%，倒闭的种养企业厂房废弃率较高，农户卫生厕所普及率仅为57.44%。在脱贫攻坚与乡村振兴衔接期，农村人居环境整治工作应着力促进政府“自上而下”决策和社会组织及农户“自下而上”参与的有机结合，加强农户层面的卫生设施配套、移风易俗推进和环保意识提升等。To explore the path of rural living environment improvement in poverty-free areas after poverty alleviation,the framework of rural living environment improvement was discussed based on a summary of the national rural living environment improvement policies and a questionnaire inquiry of rural living environment improvement status in a typical area.Our results showed that rural living environment improvement was emphasized in the No.1 central document from the perspectives of infrastructure construction,rural environment improvement,and rural living environment improvement.In the studied county,the proportion of villages with no recycling mulch and shed pla

Display omitted •Multi-dimension evaluation of rural development degree (RDD) was investigated.•The impacts of weighting methods on RDD evaluation were analyzed.•This study used a comprehensive ... method to classify the RDD types.•The evaluation practice needs to note disagree regions in RDD maps. Rural development degree (RDD) evaluation is a very valuable guidance for rural sustainable development. Earlier studies of RDD evaluatons more focusd on establishing index system, analysing spatial–temporal evolving patterns and functional differentiations. Weighting assignment (WA) method selection is a vital step for rural development degree (RDD) evaluation, but impacts of different WA methods on indicator weight determination and RDD evaluation were not well clarified. This study therefore employed three dominant WA methods, covering equal weight method, entropy method and mean square error method, along with a developed RDD evaluation index system to compare the differences of indicator weights and uncertainties of RDD evaluation. The results indicated that the spatial patterns of three WA-based RDD maps had great differences although using the same evaluation indicators. The RDD types with the largest proportion generated from different WA methods were also spatially various. Spatial distributions of RDD generated by various WA methods regions performed largely differences in central, northeastern and southwestern China. Our analyses found that the differences from industrial prosperity dimension and ecology livability dimension owing to utilizing different WA methods were largely responsible for the RDD spatial distributions in this study. This study gave some potential suggestions for WA method selection in RDD evaluation according to the data characteristics, WA method principles and application requirements. Among them, entropy method was suitable for indicator data with great dispersion degree and mean square error method would be better describe indicator differences with large indicator number. Besides, this study also underlined that WA-derived uncertainties should be paid more attentions in rural development and rural revitalization evaluation. more

IN order to improve performance of the original normalized subband adaptive filter algorithm with the step-size scaler (SSS-NSAF) when identifying sparse impulsive response, the proportionate ... SSS-NSAF (SSS-PNSAF) algorithm and improved proportionate SSS-NSAF (SSS-IPNSAF) algorithms are given by utilizing common proportionate strategy. Even though the performance of the SSS-PNSAF algorithm is improved in sparse system, its convergence rate even slower than the original SSS-NSAF algorithm when the impulse response is disperse. For possessing great performance of the SSS-PNSAF algorithm in sparse impulse response and retaining merit of the SSS-NSAF algorithm in dispersive impulse response, the gain-combined proportionate SSS-NSAF (GC-SSS-PNSAF) algorithm is proposed by combining weight coefficient vectors of these two algorithms with a variable mixing parameter. The mixing parameter is indirectly updated through a modified sigmoidal activation function by using stochastic gradient method which minimizes the power of the system output errors. Furthermore, variable control parameter (VCP) mechanism is introduced to the GC-SSS-PNSAF algorithm to overcome the trade-off issue between fast convergence rate and low steady-state error. Numerous simulation experiments confirm the superiority of these proposed algorithms. more

We investigate whether board-interlocked firms via an audit committee (AC) board member exhibit correlated non-audit service (NAS) purchases, and whether financial reporting quality and future firm ... performance vary with the amount of correlated NAS purchases from the AC interlock. We find that AC interlocked firms have positively correlated total NAS and three NAS subtypes—Tax, Assurance, and Other—in the overall sample period from 2000 to 2016, and in each of the subperiods pre- and post-SOX (Sarbanes–Oxley Act). Firms with a larger NAS component that is explained by the AC interlock tend to exhibit lower financial reporting quality. We also find evidence that firms with higher AC interlocked NAS purchases are associated with lower future performance, although this association exists only in the pre-SOX period. Overall, the evidence suggests that greater NAS purchases among AC interlocked firms can have a detrimental effect on financial reporting quality and auditor independence. While these detrimental effects are concentrated in the pre-SOX period when there were less restrictions on NAS purchases, we find some evidence that the association with lower financial reporting quality persists in the post-SOX period. more

Integrated disaster risk management in a changing climate is a key concern for disaster reduction and global sustainable development now and in the future. This study conducted descriptive ... statistical and bibliometric analysis of 488 articles on integrated disaster risk in a changing climate from 2008 to 2020 using Excel, CiteSpace, and Gephi. The research process of integrated disaster risk in a changing climate was divided into three periods, 2008–2010, 2011–2015, and 2016–2020, which is similar to the changing characteristic of the number of publications. Results showed that, first, although the number of papers was increasing exponentially, the number of publications in each period remained relatively small. Second, the main features of the cooperation network of authors across the world showed a small concentration of groups, large dispersion, and weak connections. Third, the literature focused on five key issues, including basic disaster theory research; the construction of databases; research on underlying concepts, relationships, determinants and influences of vulnerability, risk, adaptability and resilience; the construction of frameworks and models of integrated disaster risk; and impact analysis of integrated disaster risk assessment and governance in regard to the relationships and interactions among disasters, nature, society, and human behavior. Fourth, the priorities, foci, and frontiers of integrated disaster risk research were mainly reflected in five aspects, including disasters; climate change adaptation; climate change impacts; health, insurance, critical infrastructure, communities, and various frameworks; and research on key regions and countries. more

We document that the initiation of audit committee interlocks is associated with contagion in reported special items. We argue that this is, in part, attributable to contagion of accounting policy ... choices. We find that the special items of newly interlocked firms, unrelated before interlock, become positively correlated afterward, suggesting information transfer starts with interlock formation. This result holds for negative special items, key components of special items (asset impairments, restructuring costs, and gains/losses from asset sales), and is stronger for larger firms and for firms within the same industry. more

We examine the governance transfer effect of corporate blockholders in a sample of 892 block acquisitions across 42 countries from 1990 to 2008. Using earnings management as a proxy for corporate ... governance outcome, we find that target firms' earnings management is aligned with that of block acquirers after acquisitions, implying that blockholders transfer their own governance quality to investee firms. We further identify three economic mechanisms that underlie the governance transfer effect, namely, monitoring effectiveness, monitoring cost, and monitoring environment. Our findings provide new insights into the governance role of blockholders. •Block acquirers transfer their own governance quality to investee firms around the globe.•The governance transfer effect is stronger for acquirers with better monitoring effectiveness.•The governance transfer effect is stronger for acquirers with lower monitoring cost.•The governance transfer effect is stronger for targets with larger monitoring demand. more

The Yellow River Basin (YRB) is an important ecological barrier in China, which is the fifth largest river all over the world. Protecting YRB is crucial to China’s rejuvenation and sustainable ... development of future generations. Coordinated development of human-land system is conducive to promoting ecological protection and high-quality development of YRB. Tapio decoupling model was used to study the relationship between rural residential land area and resident population. Our results showed that the rural resident population decreased by 2.57% annually, while rural residential land areas expanded at a rate of 0.57% from 2010 to 2016. In addition, the upper reaches had higher growth rate of residential land area than that in the middle and lower reaches. The strong negative decoupling relationship between rural residential land area and rural resident population was widely found in YRB. Kaya identity decomposition results indicated that rural residential land intensive utilization and urbanization of resident population was positively related to the expansion of rural residential land area, while the urban and rural population structure was responsible for rural residential land area shrinkage in YRB. Unfavorable rural development situation had extended from 2010 to 2016. These results suggested that the rural human-land relationship was uncoordinated in terms of the loss of rural resident population and expansion of rural residential land area in YRB. It is urgent to establish sustainable rural development strategies for improving the human-land relationship, narrowing the rural-urban disparity, innovating rural residential land area policies, and revitalizing the rural area. •Decoupled relationship between rural residential land and resident population was explored in Yellow River Basin.•Population, intensive land rural residential utilization, and urbanization promoted the rural residential land expansion.•The urban and rural population structure was responsible for rural residential land shrinkage.•Policies were suggested to optimize the relationships between residential land and resident population in rural areas. more

Malaria, dengue fever, and filariasis are three of the most common mosquito-borne diseases worldwide. Malaria and lymphatic filariasis can occur as concomitant human infections while also sharing ... common mosquito vectors. The overall prevalence and health significance of malaria and filariasis have made them top priorities for global elimination and control programmes. Pyrethroid resistance in anopheline mosquito vectors represents a highly significant problem to malaria control worldwide. Several methods have been proposed to mitigate insecticide resistance, including rotational use of insecticides with different modes of action. Anopheles sinensis, an important malaria and filariasis vector in Southeast Asia, represents an interesting mosquito species for examining the consequences of long-term insecticide rotation use on resistance. We examined insecticide resistance in two An. Sinensis populations from central and southern China against pyrethroids, organochlorines, organophosphates, and carbamates, which are the major classes of insecticides recommended for indoor residual spray. We found that the mosquito populations were highly resistant to the four classes of insecticides. High frequency of kdr mutation was revealed in the central population, whereas no kdr mutation was detected in the southern population. The frequency of G119S mutation in the ace-1 gene was moderate in both populations. The classification and regression trees (CART) statistical analysis found that metabolic detoxification was the most important resistance mechanism, whereas target site insensitivity of L1014 kdr mutation played a less important role. Our results indicate that metabolic detoxification was the dominant mechanism of resistance compared to target site insensitivity, and suggests that long-term rotational use of various insecticides has led An. sinensis to evolve a high insecticide resistance. This study highlights the complex network of mechanisms conferring multiple resistances to chemical insecticides in mosquito vectors and it has important implication for designing and implementing vector resistance management strategies. more