Water-based polyurethane (WPU) provides a number of benefits over typical solvent-based polyurethane. WPU is more environmentally friendly, safe, and reliable. The WPU with polycaprolactone ...diol/polycarbonate diol (PCL/PCDL) complex soft segment was developed using a prepolymer technique to enhance the color depth of cotton knitted fabrics dyed with reactive dyes. The appearance, particle size, zeta potential, and viscosity of WPU emulsions were analyzed. The chemical structure, thermal stability, phase change performance, and topography of WPU films were characterized by Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and atomic force microscopy (AFM), respectively. The tensile and hydrophilic properties of the WPU films were examined by an electronic universal testing machine and contact angle goniometer, respectively. The
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/
S
value, rubbing fastness, washing fastness, and wearability of finished and unfinished dark cotton knitted fabrics were measured. Simultaneously, the chemical structure and morphology of fabrics were investigated using FTIR and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results show the WPU-2 emulsion demonstrated excellent stability, and the WPU-2 film showed superior thermal stability. The
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/
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value of the dark cotton knitted fabric finished with WPU-2 emulsion (40 g/
l
) increased by 18.58 %, and the wet rubbing color fastness of the resulting fabric was enhanced. The SEM results show a layer of film covered the surface of the finished fabric. In summary, the WPU can provide a new technique for enhancing the color depth of fabrics.
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EMUNI, FIS, FZAB, GEOZS, GIS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, SBNM, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
Inclusion complex formed between β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) and natural coumarins extracted from
Cortex fraxini
were utilized to dye and enhancing the UV protection properties of cotton fabric. Natural ...coumarins were extracted from
Cortex fraxini
and the total amount of natural coumarins was evaluated. The inclusion complex of natural coumarins with β-CD were formed and analyzed by ultraviolet-visible spectrum, fluorescence spectroscopy, FTIR and TGA. The obtained results showed that a stoichiometry of 1:1 inclusion complex was formed and the fluorescence intensities and ultraviolet absorption of the natural coumarins were both enhanced by incorporating into β-CD. β-CD was grafted onto cotton fabric based on esterification of citric acid with cellulose and cyclodextrin in the presence of sodium hypophosphite. The grafted cotton fabric was then dyed with natural coumarins extraction of
Cortex fraxini
as natural ultraviolet absorbent to form stable inclusion complex. UV protection factor (UPF), UVA transmittance (T
UVA
) and UVB transmittance (T
UVB
), wrinkle recovery and tensile strength of dyed fabrics were evaluated and demonstrated that graft modification of fabrics with β-CD resulted enhancement in UV protection property and durability accompanied with increasing in wrinkle recovery properties and decreasing in tensile strength. Furthermore, apparent morphology, FTIR and TGA analysis of inclusion complexes loaded cotton fabrics and the relationship between structure and properties were investigated.
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EMUNI, FIS, FZAB, GEOZS, GIS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, SBNM, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
In the preparation of microencapsulated phase change materials (MicroPCMs) with a three-composition shell through interfacial polymerization, the particle size, phase change behaviors, core contents, ...encapsulation efficiency morphology, thermal stability and chemical structure were investigated. The compactness of the MicroPCMs was analyzed through high-temperature drying and weighing. The effect of the core/shell ratio and stirring rate of the system was studied. The results indicated that the microcapsules thus-obtained possessed a spherical shape and high thermal stability and the surfaces were intact and compact. Furthermore, in the emulsification stage, the stirring speed had a significant influence on the microcapsules' particle size, and smaller particles could be obtained under the higher stirring speed, and the distributions were more uniform in these cases. When the core/shell ratio was lower than 4, both the core content and the encapsulation efficiency was high. Additionally, when the core/shell ratio was higher than 4, the encapsulation efficiency was decreased significantly. The three-composition shell greatly increased the compactness of microcapsules, and when the core/shell ratio was adjusted to 3, the mass loss of the MicroPCMs was lower than 6% after drying at 120 °C for 1 h. After the microencapsulation, double exothermic peaks appeared on the crystallization curve of the MicroPCMs, the crystallization mechanism was changed from the heterogeneous nucleation to the homogeneous nucleation and the super cooling degree was enhanced.
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IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
•The T21 China 2050 model is developed to study the long-term SD challenges and opportunities of the country.•In its business-as-usual simulation, T21 China 2050 reveals six major sustainability ...challenges facing China.•Two alternative scenarios, Balanced and Narrowly Focused, are set to test possible policy interventions in these six areas.•The results show that a variety of policy measures can be selected for exploring the future sustainable development prospects of China.
The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) of the United Nations 2030 Agenda are a key focus for implementing the Sustainable Development (SD) concept. But generally speaking, SD goals and targets are continuously evolving, country specific, complex to implement, and are often given relatively short time horizons, such as the 15-year horizon for the SDGs. Many SD issues need a much longer time horizon as the policy interventions to deal with these issues can take decades before their effects become apparent, which is especially true for China. The T21 China 2050 is developed to study the long-term SD challenges and opportunities of the country. In its business-as-usual simulation to 2050, T21 China 2050 reveals some of the sustainability challenges facing China, including 1) aging population and labor force decline, 2) huge food imports, 3) land degradation and loss of arable land, 4) water shortages, 5) huge fossil fuel imports, and 6) carbon dioxide emissions. These SD issues are a subset of the SDGs specifically relevant to China over a time horizon well beyond 2030. The model is then used to test possible policy interventions in these six areas under two separate scenarios: Balanced and Narrowly Focused. The major results from these two scenarios are compared with those of the business-as-usual scenario. The simulations show that by adopting certain policy measures, China's path towards SD can be further improved. It also shows that a variety of policy measures can be selected and tested with the T21 China 2050 model for exploring the future SD prospects of the country. Specific policies recommended include: extension of retirement age, adjustment of the current family planning policy, protection of agriculture land, promotion of agricultural R&D to raise yield, improvement of public transportation to slow private vehicle ownership, increased investment in renewable energy, and water conservation.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
Polyurethane phase change materials (PUPCMs) have been extensively applied in smart textiles and wearable electronic devices because of their excellent energy storage capacity. To realize the ...flexibility of PUPCMs for certain deformation and compact contact with objects, suitable support structures have been chosen to prepare polyurethane phase change composites (PUFPCCs) with energy storage capacity and device-level flexibility. In this work, PUPCM was prepared by the prepolymer method with polyethylene glycol (PEG) as the soft segment, 4,4-dicyclohexylmethane diisocyanate (HMDI) and 1,2-hexanediol as the hard segment. And polyurethane-based adhesives (PUA) were chosen to provide a support structure for PUFPCCs by physically blending and casting with prepared PUPCM. PUFPCCs showed good flexibility attributed to the film-forming performance of polyurethane-based adhesive in the composites. The chemical structure, crystallization properties, phase transformation properties and thermal stability of the prepared PUPCM and PUFPCCs were investigated via Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR),
1
H NMR spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), polarizing optical microscope (POM), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermogravimetric (TG) analysis respectively. The phase change temperature of PUFPCCs ranged from 36 to 40 ℃. The maximum enthalpy value of PUFPCCs was up to 40 J/g for daily application. Moreover, the thermal stability of PUPCM was improved attribute to the support structure of PUA in PUFPCCs. Therefore, the prepared PUFPCCs have great potential for application in flexible wearable devices due to their excellent flexibility, suitable phase transition temperature close to human body temperature, high enthalpy value and improved thermal stability.
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EMUNI, FIS, FZAB, GEOZS, GIS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, SBNM, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
Abstract
The frozen section (FS) diagnoses of pathology experts are used in China to determine whether sentinel lymph nodes of breast cancer have metastasis during operation. Direct implementation of ...a deep neural network (DNN) in clinical practice may be hindered by misdiagnosis of the algorithm, which affects a patient's treatment decision. In this study, we first obtained the prediction result of the commonly used patch-DNN, then we present a relative risk classification and regression tree (RRCART) to identify the misdiagnosed whole-slide images (WSIs) and recommend them to be reviewed by pathologists. Applying this framework to 2362 WSIs of breast cancer lymph node metastasis, test on frozen section results in the mean area under the curve (AUC) reached 0.9851. However, the mean misdiagnosis rate (0.0248), was significantly higher than the pathologists’ misdiagnosis rate (
p
< 0.01). The RRCART distinguished more than 80% of the WSIs as a high-accuracy group with an average accuracy reached to 0.995, but the difference with the pathologists’ performance was not significant (
p
> 0.01). However, the other low-accuracy group included most of the misdiagnoses of DNN models. Our research shows that the misdiagnosis from deep learning model can be further enriched by our method, and that the low-accuracy WSIs must be selected for pathologists to review and the high-accuracy ones may be ready for pathologists to give diagnostic reports.
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IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
The aim of the study was to investigate the anti-ultraviolet properties of β-cyclodextrin-grafted cotton fabrics dyed with broadleaf holly leaf extract. Flavonoids were extracted from broadleaf holly ...leaf by maceration and a stoichiometry of 1:1 inclusion complex with β-cyclodextrin was formed. Characterized by the fluorescence spectrum and ultraviolet spectrophotometry, the fluorescence intensities and ultraviolet absorption of the macerated extract were enhanced by increasing the amount of cyclodextrin. Cotton fabrics were grafted with β-cyclodextrin through a crosslinking reaction based on citric acid in the presence of sodium hypophosphite then dyed with the macerated extract of broadleaf holly leaf used as a natural ultraviolet absorbent. The anti-ultraviolet property of fabrics dyed by a macerated extract was characterized in terms of the ultraviolet protection factor. It was noted that the cotton fabrics grafted with β-cyclodextrin exhibit enhanced anti-ultraviolet and wrinkle recovery properties compared to the unmodified samples and show an excellent durability against 30 washing cycles, accompanied by a loss of tensile strength.
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NUK, OILJ, SAZU, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Inclusion complex of natural berberines extracted from
Coptis chinensis
and β-CD were synthesized and utilized to developing the latent fingerprint. Natural berberines were extracted by ethanol ...immersion extraction method and the total amount of natural berberine was evaluated. The inclusion complex of natural berberine and β-CD were synthesized by saturated solution method and analyzed by ultraviolet–visible spectrum, fluorescence spectroscopy, FTIR, SEM, TGA and particle size analyzer. The obtained results showed that a stoichiometry of 1:1 inclusion complex was formed and the fluorescence intensities of the natural berberines were enhanced by incorporating into β-CD. Powder of β-CD, berberine, berberine/β-CD physical mixtures, berberine/β-CD inclusion complex were applied in developing latent fingerprint on the surface of different materials. Compared with other three powders, berberine/β-CD inclusion complex powder adsorbed uniformly and visibly with the latent fingerprint on the glass film showed obvious fluorescent under UV light, which enhanced the contrast between the latent fingerprint and the object surface significantly. The clear and intact fingerprint pattern could be obtained under 365 nm UV light after developing, and the local feature such as core, bifurcation, bridge, ending ridge, scar and other details were obvious. The developing effect of inclusion complex on mixed latent fingerprint and aging fingerprint were also investigated.
Graphical Abstract
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EMUNI, FIS, FZAB, GEOZS, GIS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, SBNM, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is sweeping the globe and has resulted in infections in millions of people. Patients with COVID-19 face a high fatality risk once symptoms worsen; therefore, early ...identification of severely ill patients can enable early intervention, prevent disease progression, and help reduce mortality. This study aims to develop an artificial intelligence-assisted tool using computed tomography (CT) imaging to predict disease severity and further estimate the risk of developing severe disease in patients suffering from COVID-19.
Initial CT images of 408 confirmed COVID-19 patients were retrospectively collected between January 1, 2020 and March 18, 2020 from hospitals in Honghu and Nanchang. The data of 303 patients in the People's Hospital of Honghu were assigned as the training data, and those of 105 patients in The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University were assigned as the test dataset. A deep learning based-model using multiple instance learning and residual convolutional neural network (ResNet34) was developed and validated. The discrimination ability and prediction accuracy of the model were evaluated using the receiver operating characteristic curve and confusion matrix, respectively.
The deep learning-based model had an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.987 (95% confidence interval CI: 0.968-1.00) and an accuracy of 97.4% in the training set, whereas it had an AUC of 0.892 (0.828-0.955) and an accuracy of 81.9% in the test set. In the subgroup analysis of patients who had non-severe COVID-19 on admission, the model achieved AUCs of 0.955 (0.884-1.00) and 0.923 (0.864-0.983) and accuracies of 97.0 and 81.6% in the Honghu and Nanchang subgroups, respectively.
Our deep learning-based model can accurately predict disease severity as well as disease progression in COVID-19 patients using CT imaging, offering promise for guiding clinical treatment.
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