We present the completed KMOS3D survey, an integral field spectroscopic survey of 739 \(\mathrm{log}({M}_{\star }/{M}_{\odot })\gt 9\) galaxies at 0.6 < z < 2.7 using the K-band Multi Object ...Spectrograph (KMOS) at the Very Large Telescope. The KMOS3D survey provides a population-wide census of kinematics, star formation, outflows, and nebular gas conditions both on and off the star-forming galaxy main sequence through the spatially resolved and integrated properties of Hα, N ii, and S ii emission lines. We detect Hα emission for 91% of galaxies on the main sequence of star formation and 79% overall. The depth of the survey has allowed us to detect galaxies with star formation rates below 1 M ⊙ yr−1, as well as to resolve 81% of detected galaxies with ≥3 resolution elements along the kinematic major axis. The detection fraction of Hα is a strong function of both color and offset from the main sequence, with the detected and nondetected samples exhibiting different spectral energy distribution shapes. Comparison of Hα and UV+IR star formation rates reveal that dust attenuation corrections may be underestimated by 0.5 dex at the highest masses (\(\mathrm{log}({M}_{\star }/{M}_{\odot })\gt 10.5\)). We confirm our first year results of a high rotation-dominated fraction (monotonic velocity gradient and v rot/\({\sigma }_{0}\gt \sqrt{3.36}\)) of 77% for the full KMOS3D sample. The rotation-dominated fraction is a function of both stellar mass and redshift, with the strongest evolution measured over the redshift range of the survey for galaxies with \(\mathrm{log}({M}_{\star }/{M}_{\odot })\lt 10.5\). With this paper, we include a final data release of all 739 observed objects (http://www.mpe.mpg.de/ir/KMOS3D).
This paper provides theoretical and experimental discussions on conducted electromagnetic interference (EMI) emissions from an inverter-driven motor rated at 400 V and 15 kW. It focuses on a line EMI ...filter and its combination with a motor EMI filter, along with their effects on attenuation of conducted emission voltage. When no EMI filter is connected, the motor drive cannot meet the conducted emission limits prescribed by Category 3 in the IEC61800-3 regulations. The reason is that the common-mode voltage generated by a voltage-source pulse width modulation (PWM) inverter causes a common-mode leakage current flowing into the ground wire lead through parasitic capacitors inside the motor. When the line EMI filter is connected, the motor drive can meet Category 3. The motor EMI filter eliminates the common-mode voltage from the motor terminals, thus bringing a drastic reduction to the leakage current. The combination of the two EMI filters can comply with the limits prescribed by Category 2, which are much stricter than those by Category 3.
ABO‐incompatible living kidney transplantation (ABO‐ILKT) has steadily become more widespread. However, the optimal immunosuppressive regimen for ABO‐ILKT remains uncertain. We aimed to determine the ...longitudinal changes in the outcomes from ABO‐ILKT compared with those from ABO‐compatible living kidney transplantation (ABO‐CLKT) over the last 25 years. Of 1195 patients who underwent living kidney transplantations (LKT) at our institute between 1989 and 2013, 1032—including 247 ABO‐ILKT and 785 ABO‐CLKT cases—were evaluated for graft survival, patient survival, infectious adverse events, and renal function. The patients were divided into four groups according to the transplantation era and ABO‐compatibility. In the past decade, ABO‐ILKT and ABO‐CLKT recipients yielded almost equivalent outcomes with respect to the 9‐year graft survival rates, which were 86.9% and 92.0%, respectively (hazard ratio HR 1.38, 95% confidence interval CI 0.59–3.22, p = 0.455). The graft survival rate for ABO‐ILKT conducted between 2005 and 2013 was better than that for ABO‐ILKT conducted between 1998 and 2004 (HR 0.30, 95% CI 0.13–0.72, p = 0.007). ABO‐ILKT recipients showed substantial improvements in the graft survival rate over time. Graft survival was almost identical over the past decade, regardless of ABO‐incompatibility. Currently, ABO‐ILKT is an acceptable treatment for patients with end‐stage renal disease.
The authors determine the longitudinal changes in the outcomes from ABO‐incompatible living kidney transplantation over the last 25 years and conclude that ABO‐incompatible living kidney transplant recipients have experienced substantial improvements in graft survival rate, frequency of infectious adverse events, and renal function over time.
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BFBNIB, FZAB, GEOZS, GIS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
We present far-infrared (FIR) and submillimetre photometry from the Herschel
Space Observatory's Spectral and Photometric Imaging Receiver (SPIRE) for 313 nearby (z < 0.05) active galactic nuclei ...(AGN). We selected AGN from the 58 month Swift Burst Alert Telescope (BAT) catalogue, the result of an all-sky survey in the 14–195 keV energy band, allowing for a reduction in AGN selection effects due to obscuration and host galaxy contamination. We find 46 per cent (143/313) of our sample is detected at all three wavebands and combined with our Photoconductor Array Camera and Spectrometer (PACS) observations represents the most complete FIR spectral energy distributions of local, moderate-luminosity AGN. We find no correlation among the 250, 350, and 500 μm luminosities with 14–195 keV luminosity, indicating the bulk of the FIR emission is not related to the AGN. However, Seyfert 1s do show a very weak correlation with X-ray luminosity compared to Seyfert 2s and we discuss possible explanations. We compare the SPIRE colours (F
250/F
350 and F
350/F
500) to a sample of normal star-forming galaxies, finding the two samples are statistically similar, especially after matching in stellar mass. But a colour–colour plot reveals a fraction of the Herschel-BAT AGN are displaced from the normal star-forming galaxies due to excess 500 μm emission (E
500). Our analysis shows E
500 is strongly correlated with the 14–195 keV luminosity and 3.4/4.6 μm flux ratio, evidence the excess is related to the AGN. We speculate these sources are experiencing millimetre excess emission originating in the corona of the accretion disc.
ABSTRACT
We present a detailed study of ionized outflows in a large sample of ∼650 hard X-ray-detected active galactic neuclei (AGNs). Using optical spectroscopy from the BAT AGN Spectroscopic Survey ...(BASS), we are able to reveal the faint wings of the O iii emission lines associated with outflows covering, for the first time, an unexplored range of low AGN bolometric luminosity at low redshift (z ∼0.05). We test if and how the incidence and velocity of ionized outflow is related to AGN physical parameters: black hole mass ($\rm \mathit{ M}_{BH}$), gas column density ($\rm \mathit{ N}_{H}$), Eddington ratio ($\rm \lambda _{Edd}$), O iii, X-ray, and bolometric luminosities. We find a higher occurrence of ionized outflows in type 1.9 (55 per cent) and type 1 AGNs (46 per cent) with respect to type 2 AGNs (24 per cent). While outflows in type 2 AGNs are evenly balanced between blue and red velocity offsets with respect to the O iii narrow component, they are almost exclusively blueshifted in type 1 and type 1.9 AGNs. We observe a significant dependence between the outflow occurrence and accretion rate, which becomes relevant at high Eddington ratios log($\rm \lambda _{Edd}$) ≳ −1.7. We interpret such behaviour in the framework of covering factor-Eddington ratio dependence. We do not find strong trends of the outflow maximum velocity with AGN physical parameters, as an increase with bolometric luminosity can be only identified when including samples of AGNs at high luminosity and high redshift taken from literature.
The use of hydrogen as an environmentally friendly fuel for the future is attracting more attention among the scientific community. However, hydrogen has its drawbacks such as its fast burning speed. ...This suggest that studies should be conducted in order to assess and minimize the associated risks. Hence, this study aims to analyze the risk factors that lead to hydrogen logistics incidents by capturing the complexity of interdependencies in a network modeling approach. In this study, facts and figures from incident cases were acquired, and the assessment was enhanced by considering incident chains and the interdependencies among factors and effects. Then, network analysis was used to identify significant factors and significant effects in the occurrence of hydrogen logistics incidents. The results reveal that each factor plays its own role in the occurrence of an effect. The occurrence of a hydrogen logistics incident cannot be truly reduced by only considering the factors, it must consider both the factors and the effects. Tackling the occurrence of a significant factor and effect is effective for controlling and reducing the occurrence of hydrogen logistics incidents. By modeling and analyzing the interdependencies, this study contributes in revealing the topological structures and characteristics of each factor and effect in the occurrence of hydrogen logistics incidents, and the network diagrams with probabilistic estimations are useful for enhancing safety in hydrogen logistics as well as developing associated precautions.
•Characteristics of factors & effects in hydrogen logistics incidents are discussed.•Interdependencies and occurrence probabilities of factors & effects are considered.•Network diagrams are constructed to indicate the topological structure of incidents.•Roles of significant factors in each effect are determined.•Counterfactual incident-reduction scenarios are analyzed and discussed.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
A novel GII.P17-GII.17 variant norovirus emerged as a major cause of norovirus outbreaks from December 2014 to March 2015 in Japan. Named Hu/GII/JP/2014/GII.P17-GII.17, this variant has a newly ...identified GII.P17 type RNA-dependent RNA polymerase, while the capsid sequence displays amino acid substitutions around histo-blood group antigen (HBGA) binding sites. Several variants caused by mutations in the capsid region have previously been observed in the GII.4 genotype. Monitoring the GII.17 variant's geographical spread and evolution is important.
Abstract
We analyze H
α
or CO rotation curves extending out to several galaxy effective radii for 100 massive, large, star-forming disk galaxies (SFGs) across the peak of cosmic galaxy star formation ...(
z
∼ 0.6–2.5), more than doubling the previous sample presented by Genzel et al. and Price et al. The observations were taken with SINFONI and KMOS integral-field spectrographs at the ESO-Very Large Telescope, LUCI-LBT, NOEMA-IRAM, and Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array. We fit the major-axis kinematics with beam-convolved, forward models of turbulent rotating disks with bulges embedded in dark matter (DM) halos, including the effects of pressure support. The fraction of dark to total matter within the disk effective radius (
R
e
∼ 5 kpc),
f
DM
(
R
e
) =
V
2
DM
(
R
e
)/
V
2
circ
(
R
e
) decreases with redshift: at
z
∼ 1 (
z
∼ 2) the median DM fraction is 0.38 ± 0.23 (0.27 ± 0.18), and a third (half) of all galaxies are
maximal
disks with
f
DM
(
R
e
) < 0.28. DM fractions correlate inversely with the baryonic surface density, and the low DM fractions can be explained with a flattened, or cored, inner DM density distribution. At
z
∼ 2, there is ≈40% less DM mass on average within
R
e
compared to expected values based on cosmological stellar-mass–halo-mass relations. The DM deficit is more evident at high star formation rate surface densities (≳2.5
M
⊙
yr
−1
kpc
2
) and galaxies with massive bulges (≥10
10
M
⊙
). A combination of stellar or active galactic nucleus feedback, and/or heating due to dynamical friction, may drive the DM from cuspy into cored mass distributions, pointing to an efficient buildup of massive bulges and central black holes at
z
∼ 2 SFGs.
Stars orbiting the compact radio source Sgr A* in the Galactic Center serve as precision probes of the gravitational field around the closest massive black hole. In addition to adaptive ...optics-assisted astrometry (with NACO/VLT) and spectroscopy (with SINFONI/VLT, NIRC2/Keck and GNIRS/Gemini) over three decades, we have obtained 30–100 μas astrometry since 2017 with the four-telescope interferometric beam combiner GRAVITY/VLTI, capable of reaching a sensitivity of
m
K
= 20 when combining data from one night. We present the simultaneous detection of several stars within the diffraction limit of a single telescope, illustrating the power of interferometry in the field. The new data for the stars S2, S29, S38, and S55 yield significant accelerations between March and July 2021, as these stars pass the pericenters of their orbits between 2018 and 2023. This allows for a high-precision determination of the gravitational potential around Sgr A*. Our data are in excellent agreement with general relativity orbits around a single central point mass,
M
•
= 4.30 × 10
6
M
⊙
, with a precision of about ±0.25%. We improve the significance of our detection of the Schwarzschild precession in the S2 orbit to 7
σ
. Assuming plausible density profiles, the extended mass component inside the S2 apocenter (≈0.23″ or 2.4 × 10
4
R
S
) must be ≲3000
M
⊙
(1
σ
), or ≲0.1% of
M
•
. Adding the enclosed mass determinations from 13 stars orbiting Sgr A* at larger radii, the innermost radius at which the excess mass beyond Sgr A* is tentatively seen is
r
≈ 2.5″ ≥ 10× the apocenter of S2. This is in full harmony with the stellar mass distribution (including stellar-mass black holes) obtained from the spatially resolved luminosity function.
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