To increase births attended by skilled birth attendants in Tanzania, studies have identified the need for involvement of the whole family in pregnancy and childbirth education. This study aimed to ...develop, implement, and evaluate a family-oriented antenatal group educational program to promote healthy pregnancy and family involvement in rural Tanzania.
This was a quasi-experimental 1 group pre-test/post-test study with antenatal education provided to pregnant women and their families in rural Tanzania. Before and after the educational program, the pre-test/post-test study was conducted using a 34-item Birth Preparedness Questionnaire. Acceptability of the educational program was qualitatively assessed.
One-hundred and thirty-eight participants (42 pregnant women, 96 family members) attended the educational program, answered the questionnaire, and participated in the feasibility inquiry. The mean knowledge scores significantly increased between the pre-test and the post-test, 7.92 and 8.33, respectively (p = 0.001). For both pregnant women and family members, the educational program improved Family Support (p = 0.001 and p = 0.000) and Preparation of Money and Food (p = 0.000 and p = 0.000). For family members, the scores for Birth Preparedness (p = 0.006) and Avoidance of Medical Intervention (reversed item) (p = 0.002) significantly increased. Despite the educational program, the score for Home-based Value (reversed item) (p = 0.022) and References of SBA (p = 0.049) decreased in pregnant women. Through group discussions, favorable comments about the program and materials were received. The comments of the husbands reflected their better understanding and appreciation of their role in supporting their wives during the antenatal period.
The family-oriented antenatal group educational program has potential to increase knowledge, birth preparedness, and awareness of the need for family support among pregnant women and their families in rural Tanzania. As the contents of the program can be taught easily by reading the picture drama, lay personnel, such as community health workers or traditional birth attendants, can use it in villages. Further development of the Birth Preparedness Questionnaire is necessary to strengthen the involved factors. A larger scale study with a more robust Birth Preparedness Questionnaire and documentation of skilled care use is needed for the next step.
No.2013-273-NA-2013-101 . Registered 12 August 2013.
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IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
In developing countries, nurses’ counseling during antenatal care (ANC) visits remains insufficient. We examined the effects of a job aid-supported intervention on understanding the danger signs and ...improving the caring behaviors of nurses to women in rural Tanzania.
This was a hospital-based research using a quasi-experimental pre-post study design. All nurses engaged in ANC counseling participated in a three-hour training covering counseling skills, pregnancy danger signs, use of a job aid, and quality of caring behaviors. The sample consisted of women who attended the ANC clinic and had no intrauterine fetal death. The primary outcome was perception of receiving information on the danger signs by women. The secondary outcome was impressions of women regarding the caring behaviors of nurses. Women answered questionnaires following ANC counseling (baseline) and two weeks postintervention (endline).
Of 318 women, 148 participated at baseline and 170 at endline. Regarding receiving information on danger signs, the mean baseline score of 4.92 (SD = 2.99) and the mean endline score of 6.66 (SD = 2.38) were significantly different (t = 5.646, p < .01). Regarding impressions of the nurses’ caring behavior, the mean total baseline score of 26.17 (range, 6–30; SD = 11.19) and the mean total endline score of 27.63 (SD = 6.81) were significantly different (t = 4.299, p < .01).
The job aid-supported intervention during ANC counseling found differences in the responses to receiving information on the danger signs of pregnancy and in identifying the caring behaviors of nurses to women.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
this study developed a people-centered care (PCC) partnership model for the aging society to address the challenges of social changes affecting people's health and the new role of advanced practice ...nurses to sustain universal health coverage.
a people-centered care partnership model was developed on the basis of qualitative meta-synthesis of the literature and assessment of 14 related projects. The ongoing projects resulted in individual and social transformation by improving community health literacy and behaviors using people-centered care and enhancing partnership between healthcare providers and community members through advanced practice nurses.
people-centered care starts when community members and healthcare providers foreground health and social issues among community members and families. This model tackles these issues, creating new values concerning health and forming a social system that improves quality of life and social support to sustain universal health care through the process of building partnership with communities.
a PCC partnership model addresses the challenges of social changes affecting general health and the new role of advanced practice nurses in sustaining UHC.
Approaches to addressing the shortage of midwives are a great need especially in Sub-Saharan Africa including Tanzania. The midwifery shortage in Tanzania consists of two major causes; the first is ...the shortage of pre-service nursing training and the second is the low rate of retention as it is difficult to sustain midwives' career motivations. Lack of opportunities for career development, is one of the most related problems to keep midwives motivated. Continuing education as an approach to career development can heighten midwives' motivation and cultivate more skilled midwives who can educate other midwives or students and who could raise the status of midwives. Effective continuing education is ongoing, interactive, contextually relevant and based on needs assessment, however there is very limited research that describes Tanzanian midwives perspective of expectations for career development; hence this research is significant for revealing important and meaningful professional desires of midwives in Tanzania.
This was a preliminary qualitative study, using snowball sampling to recruit 16 midwives in Tanzania. The researchers used a semi-structured interview including probing questions with both a focus group and several individuals. The data were collected from July to December 2013 and coded into categories and sub-categories.
There were 14 midwives in the focus group interview and two midwives in the individual interviews. Through data analysis, four major categories (with subcategories) emerged: (1) motivation for learning (to achieve the MDGs, and to raise reproductive health), (2) knowledge is power (to provide good practice based on knowledge, to be a role model, knowledge gives higher position and courage, and knowledge enables one to approach to the government), (3) there is no end to learning (hunger for learning, and ripple effect).
From findings, four major categories plainly showed midwives' desire for learning, however they experienced a number of barriers to access further education. Continuing education is one of the most important and effective ways to cultivate and retain midwives. In order to respond to the midwives expectations and challenges to overcome the barriers inherent in providing more continuing education, it will be necessary to increase accessible opportunities for career development in Tanzania.
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IZUM, KILJ, NUK, OILJ, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK, VSZLJ
Scientific collaborations among nations to address common problems and to build international partnerships as part of science diplomacy is a well-established notion. The international flow of people ...and ideas has played an important role in the advancement of the 'Sciences' and the current pandemic scenario has drawn attention towards the genuine need for a stronger role of science diplomacy, science advice and science communication. In dealing with the COVID-19 pandemic, visible interactions across science, policy, science communication to the public and diplomacy worldwide have promptly emerged. These interactions have benefited primarily the disciplines of knowledge that are directly informing the pandemic response, while other scientific fields have been relegated. The effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on scientists of all disciplines and from all world regions are discussed here, with a focus on early-career researchers (ECRs), as a vulnerable population in the research system. Young academies and ECR-driven organisations could suggest ECR-powered solutions and actions that could have the potential to mitigate these effects on ECRs working on disciplines not related to the pandemic response. In relation with governments and other scientific organisations, they can have an impact on strengthening and creating fairer scientific systems for ECRs at the national, regional, and global level.
Tanzania's health care provider shortage, especially in rural areas, makes it challenging to meet women's support needs in hospitals. We describe women's perceptions of childbirth support at a ...hospital in rural Tanzania. We interviewed 25 women within 24 hours after delivery using semistructured interviews. Most women sought life-saving technological support in case of complications. They also valued having family present to provide care and affection. Women's needs, however, were difficult to fulfill at this busy facility. Increasing women-centered childbirth support and recognizing family as important contributors may provide a strategy to meet the needs of both women and providers.
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DOBA, IJS, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, OILJ, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VSZLJ
In Tanzania, adolescents have a high lifetime risk of dying from pregnancy and childbirth complications.
To determine the feasibility of an education program in improving knowledge of obstetric ...danger signs and promoting appropriate healthcare-seeking behavior, as well as encouraging the development of a peer network support group.
An embedded mixed-methods design was used. This research was a pilot study conducted in a health facility in rural Tanzania. Quantitative data was collected before and after the education program using questionnaires. Focus group discussion was used to collect qualitative data.
15 pregnant adolescents between 15 and 19 years of age participated. Their median age was 18.0 years (SD ± 1.19), and 66.7% were ≤18 years. There was a significant increase in the scores of knowledge of danger signs during pregnancy between the pre-test (M = 7.20, SD = 2.83) and the post-test (M = 9.07, SD = 1.67); t = 2.168, p = 0.048. There was a significant strong positive correlation between the healthcare-seeking behavior score and social support score variables r = 0.654, p = 0.008. The education program was feasible in terms of implementation, acceptability, and demand as indicated by its >84% score. Four categories were identified from the qualitative data: “supportive family”, “rejection and abortion”, “support from peers”, and “potential barriers to seek care”.
The development of an education program particularly on obstetric danger signs was feasible and helpful for pregnant adolescents in Tanzania.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic has negatively affected research activities across various fields. This study aimed to determine nursing researchers' concerns about research activities ...during the COVID-19 pandemic in Japan and subsequent changes brought on by it. For this study, we conducted descriptive statistics and text mining analyses using data from two surveys conducted by the Japan Academy of Nursing Science (JANS) in the early days of the pandemic (first survey: mid-2020) and after 2 years (second survey: early 2022). Concerns about research activities were observed in 89% and 80% of the nursing researchers in the first and second surveys, respectively. Furthermore, concerns about "Difficulty in collecting research data" and "Content and quality of your research" were stronger in the second survey. Text mining analyses revealed that in the first survey, they were concerned about environmental changes and restrictions when proceeding with research during the COVID-19 pandemic, which was unfamiliar at the time. In the second survey, after overcoming environmental changes in the early stages of the pandemic, nursing researchers' concerns shifted to anxiety about the future, such as concerns about degree acquisition, employment and career advancement, and research results. The current study highlights various concerns among nursing researchers regarding research activities that have evolved over time during the pandemic. Academic societies must flexibly construct support measures for nursing researchers when a new infectious disease occurs. Such measures should be sensitive to the prevailing social circumstances and the evolving needs of researchers.
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BFBNIB, FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
In 2014, the WHO released a statement advocating greater respect for women in their report, “The prevention and elimination of disrespect and abuse during facility-based childbirth”. To address this ...issue, the Japan International Cooperation Agency established humanized childbirth care. However, this concept remains new in Tanzania.
To evaluate the acceptability of the humanized childbirth concept by Tanzanian nurses and midwives.
Convergent mixed-methods design.
Continuing education held at Tanzania’s capital city of Dar es Salaam.
The inclusion criteria were as follows: (1) registered nurses and midwives; (2) can comprehend English; (3) interested in humanized childbirth, (4) experienced in providing maternal and infant care or midwifery, and (5) attended the two-day program on humanized childbirth.
The program was evaluated quantitatively and qualitatively. The valid and reliable 23-item Women-Centered Care English version (WCC23E) questionnaire was used. Open-ended questions elicited the participants’ opinions about the program.
The entire program was completed by 104 participants (average age, 40.9 years; SD, 9.13). Based on the quantitative data, the mean WCC23E post-test scores showed a significant increase compared with the mean WCC23E pre-test scores, indicating improvement in awareness. The qualitative data revealed three categories: “Gaining knowledge of humanized childbirth as a general dictionary term”, “Accepting and assimilating the concept of humanized childbirth in consideration of their practice”, and “Manifesting their voices of barriers and challenges towards humanized childbirth”.
The humanized childbirth awareness-raising program was useful for nurses and midwives in terms of favorably changing their perceptions of women-centered care.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
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