In the era of information overload, natural language processing (NLP) techniques are increasingly needed to support advanced biomedical information management and discovery applications. In this ...paper, we present an in-depth description of SemRep, an NLP system that extracts semantic relations from PubMed abstracts using linguistic principles and UMLS domain knowledge. We also evaluate SemRep on two datasets. In one evaluation, we use a manually annotated test collection and perform a comprehensive error analysis. In another evaluation, we assess SemRep's performance on the CDR dataset, a standard benchmark corpus annotated with causal chemical-disease relationships.
A strict evaluation of SemRep on our manually annotated dataset yields 0.55 precision, 0.34 recall, and 0.42 F
score. A relaxed evaluation, which more accurately characterizes SemRep performance, yields 0.69 precision, 0.42 recall, and 0.52 F
score. An error analysis reveals named entity recognition/normalization as the largest source of errors (26.9%), followed by argument identification (14%) and trigger detection errors (12.5%). The evaluation on the CDR corpus yields 0.90 precision, 0.24 recall, and 0.38 F
score. The recall and the F
score increase to 0.35 and 0.50, respectively, when the evaluation on this corpus is limited to sentence-bound relationships, which represents a fairer evaluation, as SemRep operates at the sentence level.
SemRep is a broad-coverage, interpretable, strong baseline system for extracting semantic relations from biomedical text. It also underpins SemMedDB, a literature-scale knowledge graph based on semantic relations. Through SemMedDB, SemRep has had significant impact in the scientific community, supporting a variety of clinical and translational applications, including clinical decision making, medical diagnosis, drug repurposing, literature-based discovery and hypothesis generation, and contributing to improved health outcomes. In ongoing development, we are redesigning SemRep to increase its modularity and flexibility, and addressing weaknesses identified in the error analysis.
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DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Background
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the nationwide benefit and cost of the national cancer screening program (NCSP) for gastric cancer treatment.
Methods
For this nationwide, ...population‐based study, the Korean National Health Insurance Big Data Base, which included gastric cancer–related treatment information and the costs for all patients with gastric cancer who were 40 years old or older between 2004 and 2013, was restructured. Patients with gastric cancer who participated in the NCSP at least once (the screening group) were compared with those who did not participate in the NCSP (the nonscreening group).
Results
The screening group (n = 116,775) spent significantly less on medical care expenses than the nonscreening group (n = 74,927) during the 5 years since the initial treatment (P < .0001). The screening group presented a significantly better prognosis for 5 and 9 years than the nonscreening group (P < .0001). The screening group revealed a 41% decreased hazard ratio (P < .0001) for death in comparison with the nonscreening group; the prognostic benefit became more obvious when treatment was started within the first 4 months after screening. The age‐standardized mortality rate ratio of the screening group versus the nonscreening group was 0.62 (P < .0001). The NCSP for gastric cancer required an average of 22,169,769 Korean Republic won (US $20,309) for 1 life‐year saved, which was less than the average gross domestic product (GDP) per capita in Korea.
Conclusions
The screening group had significantly lower medical care expenses and showed a significantly better prognosis than the nonscreening group. On the basis of the GDP per capita, the NCSP for gastric cancer was cost‐effective for treatment prognosis.
The nationwide, population‐based health insurance big database in Korea, where a national cancer screening program for gastric cancer was introduced in 2002, reveals that a screening group has lower medical care expenses and presents with a better prognosis than a nonscreening group even after stratification of the treatment group. On the basis of medical care expenses and screening costs, the national cancer screening program for gastric cancer is cost‐effective.
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BFBNIB, FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
This study examined the effects of a continuously gradient anode functional layer (AFL) on the performance of the BaCe0.5Zr0.35Y0.15O3−δ (BCZY) based proton conducting fuel cell. The gradient AFL ...composed of NiO and BCZY was fabricated by the electrostatic slurry spray deposition (ESSD) technique with a rotation stage. For the comparison, the single cells without AFL and with homogeneous AFL were also prepared and the electrochemical properties were evaluated by full cell test and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). Power density of the single cell with the gradient AFL exhibited 521 mW/cm2 at 700 °C which was higher by 48% and 16% compared to single cells without the AFL and with the homogeneous AFL. In addition, impedance spectra showed that both ohmic and polarization resistances under open circuit voltage (OCV) at 700 °C decreased from 0.3218 and 0.3462 to 0.2168 and 0.2203 Ωcm2. This performance enhancement is primarily attributed to modified microstructure of the AFL which has a continuously gradient interface to effectively reduce a mismatch between electrolyte and anode.
•Electrostatic slurry spray deposition technique with a rotation stage.•A continuously compositional gradient anode functional layer.•The AFL results in good interface adhesion and enlargement of three phase boundaries.•The cell performance with the AFL were significantly improved.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK
Li2CO3-coated LiCoO2 powders are prepared from a lithium hydroxide solution via low-temperature heat treatment and the effects on the electrochemical performance of all-solid-state lithium ion ...batteries (ASS-LIBs) using Li2S-P2S5 glass-ceramic solid electrolytes are investigated. A combination of X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and thermogravimetric analyses reveals that the Li2CO3 particles on the surface of LiCoO2 particles are formed without significant change in LiCoO2 structure. While the Li2CO3 is regarded as an impurity phase in lithium battery systems using liquid electrolytes due to its detrimental effects on electrochemical performance, we show that optimal amounts of Li2CO3 coating effectively suppress interfacial side reactions without a significant decrease in interfacial kinetics for all-solid-state lithium battery systems using sulfide solid electrolytes.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZRSKP
Author ambiguity mainly arises when several different authors express their names in the same way, generally known as the namesake problem, and also when the name of an author is expressed in many ...different ways, referred to as the heteronymous name problem. These author ambiguity problems have long been an obstacle to efficient information retrieval in digital libraries, causing incorrect identification of authors and impeding correct classification of their publications. It is a nontrivial task to distinguish those authors, especially when there is very limited information about them. In this paper, we propose a graph based approach to author name disambiguation, where a graph model is constructed using the co-author relations, and author ambiguity is resolved by graph operations such as vertex (or node) splitting and merging based on the co-authorship. In our framework, called a
G
raph
F
ramework for
A
uthor
D
isambiguation (GFAD), the namesake problem is solved by splitting an author vertex involved in multiple cycles of co-authorship, and the heteronymous name problem is handled by merging multiple author vertices having similar names if those vertices are connected to a common vertex. Experiments were carried out with the real DBLP and Arnetminer collections and the performance of GFAD is compared with three representative unsupervised author name disambiguation systems. We confirm that GFAD shows better overall performance from the perspective of representative evaluation metrics. An additional contribution is that we released the refined DBLP collection to the public to facilitate organizing a performance benchmark for future systems on author disambiguation.
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EMUNI, FIS, FZAB, GEOZS, GIS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NLZOH, NUK, OBVAL, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, SBNM, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
Abstract
An artificial muscle actuator resolves practical engineering problems in compact wearable devices, which are limited to conventional actuators such as electromagnetic actuators. Abstracting ...the fundamental advantages of an artificial muscle actuator provides a small-scale, high-power actuating system with a sensing capability for developing varifocal augmented reality glasses and naturally fit haptic gloves. Here, we design a shape memory alloy-based lightweight and high-power artificial muscle actuator, the so-called compliant amplified shape memory alloy actuator. Despite its light weight (0.22 g), the actuator has a high power density of 1.7 kW/kg, an actuation strain of 300% under 80 g of external payload. We show how the actuator enables image depth control and an immersive tactile response in the form of augmented reality glasses and two-way communication haptic gloves whose thin form factor and high power density can hardly be achieved by conventional actuators.
Composite cathodes comprising the solid powders of LiCoO2, electrolyte and Super P carbon are prepared using three different mixing methods to apply to all-solid-state lithium batteries, and their ...morphological and electrochemical properties are compared. By applying the wet-mixing method, composite cathodes with greater homogenous distribution of solid particles are obtained when compared to those prepared by dry-mixing. As a result of this favorable feature, a higher discharge capacity of 84 mAh g−1 and a capacity retention of 73% are maintained at the 50th cycle in the all-solid-state cell using the composite cathode prepared by wet-mixing with a ball mixer, which resulted from the smaller interfacial resistance for the intercalation/deintercalation of the Li ions in this composite cathode. This is determined to be due to the homogenous distribution of the constituent particles leading to significantly reduced electrode polarization.
► Composite cathodes are prepared by three different mixing methods. ► Morphological and electrochemical properties differ according to the mixing method. ► Sonication followed by wet-mixing was effective to improve the cell performance. ► Mixing method is critical for all-solid-state batteries to achieve high performance.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK
•Electrolyte with a thickness less than grain size was fabricated by cost-effective method.•Bamboo-structured thin electrolyte effectively reduces ohmic resistance of protonic ceramic fuel ...cell.•Electrode reactions were analyzed by distribution of relaxation time method.•Surface diffusion of an adsorbed oxygen to the triple phase boundaries at cathode is the most probable rate determining step.
High-performance and cost-effective fabrications should be simultaneously achieved for practical applications of fuel cells. Unfortunately, protonic ceramic fuel cells, which are considered next-generation solid oxide fuel cells operating at lower temperatures (≤600 °C), do not satisfy the requirements. While thin electrolyte and rapid reactions at electrode/electrolyte interfaces are crucial for cell performance, the thickness of the electrolyte via cost-effective ceramic processes is still not satisfactory (currently capable of >10 μm) and the electrode reaction(s) are yet to be clarified. Here we demonstrate the fabrication of a columnar-structured thin electrolyte (∼2.5 μm) of BaCe0.55Zr0.3Y0.15O3-δ, in which no perpendicular grain boundaries exist against the current direction, through a low-cost screen printing method. A high open-cell voltage of 1.10 V ensures that the thin electrolyte is sufficiently dense for gas-tightness, thereby achieving an extraordinary maximum power density of 350 mW/cm2 at 500 °C. The electrode reactions are investigated by distribution of relaxation time method based on electrochemical impedance spectroscopy as a function of oxygen partial pressure and hydrogen partial pressure at 500 °C, suggesting that the reaction step corresponding to the surface diffusion of an adsorbed oxygen to the triple phase boundaries at the cathode is most probably the main contributor to the overall polarization resistances.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
Since the introduction of heated tobacco products (HTPs) in Korea in 2017, their annual sales have increased. Several studies have investigated the perceptions of HTPs and smoking cessation ...behaviors. For the first time, In 2019, questions focused on HTP use were introduced in the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHNES). This study aimed to compare smoking cessation behaviors between HTP users and conventional cigarette smokers using KNHANES data.
Data of 947 current adult smokers from the 8th KNHNES (2019) were analyzed. Current smokers were divided into conventional cigarette (CC)-only, HTP-only, and dual-use groups. The general characteristics of the three groups were investigated. Differences in current intention to quit smoking and past attempts to quit smoking among the three groups were analyzed using multivariate logistic regression analysis by IBM SPSS ver. 25.0.
HTP-only users demonstrated fewer future smoking cessation plans (adjusted odds ratio AOR, 0.398; 95% confidence interval CI, 0.195-0.813; P=0.012) and fewer smoking cessation attempts in the past year (AOR, 0.533; 95% CI, 0.298-0.954; P=0.034) than CC-only smokers. However, there was no significant difference between dual-use (CC+HTP) and CC-only smokers.
While dual-use and CC-only smokers showed similar smoking cessation behaviors, HTP-only users had fewer previous attempts to quit smoking and were less likely to be currently ready to quit smoking. These findings can be explained by a decrease in the need to quit smoking due to the convenience of HTP and the perception that HTPs are less harmful than CC.
Maximizing the proportion of active material in the composite cathode is a technical challenge for the All-Solid-State Lithium ion battery. Among viable solutions, employing a powder with minimized ...and uniform size distribution might be the most effective and practical solution. To address this issue, we carefully control the size of the high ionic conducting Li2S-P2S5 solid electrolyte to a smaller and narrower size distribution than standard solid electrolyte. We show the milled electrolytes have significantly higher capacity than standard one in the composite cathode. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy suggests that both the active material-solid electrolyte interfacial resistance and the solid electrolyte pathway resistance through the composite cathode are important. Moreover, at higher active material ratios, the resistance through ion conducting pathways becomes the most limiting factor for discharge rates. A preliminary model is suggested to guide future development of the microstructure in all-solid-state batteries.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZRSKP
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