Vascular calcification of the coronary arteries or aorta is an independent risk factor for cardiovascular outcome, but clinical significance of arterial micro‐calcification (AMC) of vascular access ...is unclear in hemodialysis (HD) patients. Sixty‐five patients awaiting vascular access operation were enrolled. We compared surrogate markers of cardiovascular morbidity such as aortic arch calcification (AoAC) by chest radiography, arterial stiffness by brachial‐ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV) and endothelial dysfunction by flow‐mediated dilatation (FMD) between patients with and without AMC of vascular access on von Kossa staining. AMC of vascular access was detected in 36 (55.4%). The AMC‐positive group had significantly higher incidence of AoAC (63.9% vs. 20.7%, p < 0.001) and higher baPWV (26.5 ± 9.4 m/s vs. 19.8 ± 6.6 m/s, p = 0.006) than the AMC‐negative group. There was no significant difference in FMD between the two groups (5.4 ± 2.6% vs. 5.7 ± 3.5%, p = 0.764). The AMC‐positive group had higher incidence of diabetes mellitus, higher systolic blood pressure and wider pulse pressure than the AMC‐negative group. This study suggests that AMC of vascular access may be associated with cardiovascular morbidity via AoAC and arterial stiffness in HD patients.
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BFBNIB, DOBA, FZAB, GIS, IJS, IZUM, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Abstract Magneto-fluorescent silica nanoparticles were conjugated with cetuximab for the targeting and imaging of colon cancer. In this study, cetuximab-conjugated magneto-fluorescent nanoparticles ...(MFSN-Ctx) could specifically target colon cancer cells that expressed EGFR on their cell membranes, and specific fluorescence was detected. MFSN-Ctx produced significant MRI signal changes in a human colon cancer xenograft mouse model. Intravenous injection of MFSN-Ctx resulted in faster uptake as compared to intraperitoneal injection, indicating that MFSN-Ctx had different kinetic properties in tumors based on the method of injection. The local concentration of MFSN-Ctx in a tumor was amplified by the use of an external magnetic field. These results demonstrate the potential application of MFSN-Ctx for the detection of EGFR-expressing colon cancer using in vivo imaging approaches.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK
The first edition of 'A Standardized Pathology Report for Gastric Cancer' was initiated by the Gastrointestinal Pathology Study Group of the Korean Society of Pathologists and published 17 years ago. ...Since then, significant advances have been made in the pathologic diagnosis, molecular genetics, and management of gastric cancer (GC). To reflect those changes, a committee for publishing a second edition of the report was formed within the Gastrointestinal Pathology Study Group of the Korean Society of Pathologists. This second edition consists of two parts: standard data elements and conditional data elements. The standard data elements contain the basic pathologic findings and items necessary to predict the prognosis of GC patients, and they are adequate for routine surgical pathology service. Other diagnostic and prognostic factors relevant to adjuvant therapy, including molecular biomarkers, are classified as conditional data elements to allow each pathologist to selectively choose items appropriate to the environment in their institution. We trust that the standardized pathology report will be helpful for GC diagnosis and facilitate large-scale multidisciplinary collaborative studies.
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FFLJ, NUK, ODKLJ, UL, UM, UPUK
Background : /Aims: Although polypoid leiomyomas in the colon and rectum are rare, they are increasingly detected during colonoscopy. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and clinical ...outcomes of endoscopic removal for colorectal polypoid leiomyoma. Methods : : Data were retrospectively collected from 22 patients with polypoid leiomyoma arising from the muscularis mucosae in the colon and rectum who underwent endoscopic removal at single referral gastrointestinal endoscopy unit. Colonoscopic findings, endoscopic removal, success rates, complication rates (bleeding or perforation), pathologic characteristics, and recurrence rates were investigated. Results : : Most polypoid leiomyomas were small asymptomatic lesions less than 1 cm. The tumors were located predominantly in the left colon. Ten leiomyomas were removed using cold biopsy forceps, and 12 were resected by conventional polypectomy or endoscopic mucosal resection. All tumors arose from or involved the muscularis mucosa. There were no complications, such as bleeding or perforation. No local remnant lesions were found in 19 patients who underwent at least one follow-up colonoscopy. Conclusion : s: This case series represent cases of small colorectal polypoid leiomyoma that were safely removed endoscopically. An awareness of their endoscopic and clinic-pathological characteristics may provide safe treatment strategy for colonic leiomyomatous tumors of similar size in capable hands. (Korean J Gastroenterol 2016;68:179-185)
The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between arterial microcalcification (AMiC) and erythropoiesis-stimulating agents (ESA) hyporesponsiveness in hemodialysis patients. The presence ...of AMiC was confirmed by pathologic examination of von Kossa-stained arterial specimens acquired during vascular access surgery. We assessed the ESA hyporesponsiveness index (EHRI), defined as the weekly ESA dose per kilogram body weight divided by the hemoglobin level. AMiC was detected in 33 (40.2%) of 82 patients. Patients with diabetes had a higher incidence of AMiC than patients without diabetes. The serum levels of albumin and cholesterol were higher in patients without AMiC than in patients with AMiC. The serum levels of intact parathyroid hormone were lower in patients with AMiC than in patients without AMiC. The serum levels of phosphate and calcium-phosphorus product did not differ between the two groups. The mean EHRI value was higher in patients with AMiC than in patients without AMiC. In multivariate analyses, ESA hyporesponsiveness and diabetes showed a significant association with AMiC. In conclusion, ESA hyporesponsiveness may be a clinical relevant parameters related to AMiC in hemodialysis patients.
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DOBA, FZAB, GIS, IJS, IZUM, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VSZLJ
e16559
Background: Predicting response to immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) is difficult and adequate biomarkers are lacking. PD-L1 expression of tumor cells (TC) and tumor-infiltrating immune cells ...(IC) has limitations. We hypothesized that peripheral blood analysis would provide systemic insights about the immune responses induced by therapies blocking the PD-1/PD-L1 pathway. Methods: First, plasma samples from urothelial cancers (N = 30) with matched paired samples (N = 27) at baseline, after 1 week of PD-L1 inhibitor administration, and at response evaluation were analyzed. Exosomes were extracted and the expression of plasma-derived exosomal PD-L1 (exo PD-L1) and cytokine levels (IFN-γ, IL-10, TGF-ß, granzyme B) were determined with ELISA. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were analyzed with FACS. Samples were stained with anti-CD3, CD8, CD69, and PD1. Secondly, small RNA-sequencing was done using plasma samples from 8 patients and samples from 4 normal ones to identify differentially expressed miRNAs (DE-miRNAs) between treatment responders and non-responders. Expressions of selected DE-miRNAs were validated in a separate patient cohort of 54 patients. Results: In all of patients’ samples tested, exoPD-L1 was detected. Pretreatment level of exoPD-L1 was significantly higher in patients with objective tumor response (P = 0.010). For both clinical responders and non-responders, the level of exoPD-L1 expression increased at treatment day 8. A lower fold change (< 18) in plasma exoPD-L1 was associated with a better rate of response to the anti-PD-L1 therapy (P = 0.032). Compared to non-responder group, the PD1+CD8+T-cell fraction was significantly lower at baseline (p = 0.005) and increased at treatment day 8 in the responder group (p = 0.018). At baseline, the IL-10 level was significantly higher in the responder group (p = 0.005). Decreased levels of immune-suppressive cytokines, TGF-beta1/2 and IL-10, at post-treatment day 8 indicated better response (p = 0.005 and 0.020, respectively). From small RNA sequencing analysis, two upregulated (miR-451a and let-7i-5p) and eight downregulated (miR-1290, miR-151a-3p, miR-10b-5p, miR-148a-3p, miR-10a-5p, miR-1246, miR-34c-3p, let-7b-3p) differentially expressed miRNA in responders were identified. Conclusions: Our findings suggested that the higher expression of exoPD-L1, early peripheral PD1+CD8+T-cell response, and decrease of immunosuppressive cytokines could serve as blood-based predictive biomarkers for responses to ICI treatment and that miRNAs could act as regulators in these processes.
C-kit-negative gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) are uncommon, and there have been few reports about the diagnosis and treatment of c-kit-negative GISTs in the stomach. We report the case of a ...patient who was diagnosed with a huge and atypical GIST in the stomach. The GIST was completely resected and finally diagnosed as c-kit-negative GIST based on immunohistochemical staining of tumor cells, which were negative for CD117 and CD34 and positive for Discovered on GIST-1 (DOG1). C-kit-negative GISTs could be treated by complete resection and/or imatinib, which is the same treatment for c-kit-positive GISTs.
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Retraction
The abstract by Shin et al entitled, “Prognostic significance of exosomal programmed death-ligand 1 in advanced gastric cancer patients treated with first-line chemotherapy,” ...( Journal of Clinical Oncology 40, no. 4, suppl 665) published on February 1, 2022, has been retracted due to statistical errors that significantly changed the results and conclusion of the abstract.
This abstract was retracted on November 4, 2022.
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Background: Recent studies have found that exosomal PD-L1 could be associated with prognosis in several malignancies by its potential immunosuppressive role. Prognostic role of exosomal PD-L1 in advanced gastric cancer patients treated with systemic chemotherapy has not been well explored. The aim of the present study was to explore prognostic and predictive significance of exosomal PD-L1 in advanced gastric cancer patients. Methods: We prospectively collected plasma samples of patients with advanced gastric cancer receiving first-line chemotherapy at pre and post treatment. Combined ultracentrifugation with polymer-based precipitation was applied to isolate exosome and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA) was applied to measure exosomal PD-L1. The correlation between exosomal PD-L1 and circulating immune cells in the plasma was evaluated. Patients were divided into two groups according to pretreatment exosomal PD-L1 level. Survival analysis was performed using Kaplan-Meier method and multivariate analyses based on Cox-proportional hazards regression model. Results: A total of 99 patients were enrolled in the study, and serum samples collected at pre-treatment and post-treatment were pooled. Median value of the pre-treatment exosomal PD-L1 was 0.42 pg/ml (range 0.01 ̃3.75). Patients with pre-treatment exoPD-L1 < 0.42 pg/mL (exoPD-L1
low
) showed significantly better overall survival than those with exoPD-L1 ≥ 0.42 pg/mL(exoPD-L1
high
) (p = 0.033). Progression-free survival was not different between the groups (p = 0.754). exoPD-L1
low
group showed significantly higher percentages of CD8+T cells than exoPD-L1
high
group. (p = 0.024). In multivariate analysis, pretreatment exosomal PD-L1, poorly differentiated tumors and No. of metastatic sites(≥2) were independent prognostic factors for overall survival. Conclusions: In summary, the level of pre-treatment exosomal PD-L1 could be used as a prognostic marker for patients with advanced gastric cancer receiving systemic chemotherapy.
Although giant-cell tumor (GCT) of the bone was originally classified as a benign tumor, metastasis has been reported. The radiographic features usually comprise parenchymal solitary or multiple ...nodules that are round-to-oval nodular opacities of homogeneous density in patients with GCT. However, the patient described in this case presented with a hypervascular mass with feeding vessels and hemothorax, which are common features of pulmonary arteriovenous malformation. To the best of our knowledge, cases of pulmonary metastases presenting as a pulmonary arteriovenous malformation have not been reported. Here, we report a case of giant-cell tumor of the bone that exhibited histologically benign pulmonary metastases and mimicked an arteriovenous malformation.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
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