Aims
Intestinal metaplasia and atrophy of the gastric mucosa are associated with Helicobacter pylori infection and are considered premalignant lesions. The updated Sydney system is used for these ...parameters, but experienced pathologists and consensus processes are required for interobserver agreement. We sought to determine the influence of the consensus process on the assessment of intestinal metaplasia and atrophy.
Methods and results
Two study sets were used: consensus and validation. The consensus set was circulated and five gastrointestinal pathologists evaluated them independently using the updated Sydney system. The consensus of the definitions was then determined at the first consensus meeting. The same set was recirculated to determine the effect of the consensus. The second consensus meeting was held to standardise the grading criteria and the validation set was circulated to determine the influence. Two additional circulations were performed to assess the maintainance of consensus and intraobserver variability. Interobserver agreement of intestinal metaplasia and atrophy was improved through the consensus process (intestinal metaplasia: baseline κ = 0.52 versus final κ = 0.68, P = 0.006; atrophy: baseline κ = 0.19 versus final κ = 0.43, P < 0.001). Higher interobserver agreement in atrophy was observed after consensus regarding the definition (pre‐consensus: κ = 0.19 versus post‐consensus: κ = 0.34, P = 0.001). There was improved interobserver agreement in intestinal metaplasia after standardisation of the grading criteria (pre‐standardisation: κ = 0.56 versus post‐standardisation: κ = 0.71, P = 0.010).
Conclusions
This study suggests that interobserver variability regarding intestinal metaplasia and atrophy may result from lack of a precise definition and fine criteria, and can be reduced by consensus of definition and standardisation of grading criteria.
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BFBNIB, DOBA, FZAB, GIS, IJS, IZUM, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
Introduction
Currently, tumor budding (TB) is considered to predict the prognosis of patients. The prognostic significance of TB has also been explored in patients with lung cancer, but has not been ...fully clarified. In the present meta-analysis, we evaluated the prognostic significance, clinicopathological value, and relationship with epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) of TB in lung cancer.
Methods
The MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Cochrane databases were searched up to July 7, 2021, for the relevant articles that showed the relationship between TB and prognosis in patients with lung cancer. For statistical analysis, we used pooled hazard ratios (HRs) with their corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) to assess the correlation between high-grade TB expression and overall survival (OS), disease-free survival (DFS), progression-free survival (PFS), clinicopathological factors, and EMT markers.
Results
A total of 3,784 patients from 10 independent studies were included in the statistical analysis. Our results indicated that high-grade TB was significantly associated with poor OS HR 1.64 (95% CI, 1.43–1.87) and DFS HR 1.65 (95% CI, 1.22–2.25). In terms of clinicopathological characteristics, high-grade TB was associated with larger tumor size, higher T and N stage, pleural invasion, vascular invasion, lymphatic invasion, and severe nuclear atypia. Interestingly, smoking showed significant association with high-grade TB, despite the fact that previous studies could not show a significant relationship between them. Furthermore, through our systematic analysis, high-grade TB showed a significant relationship with EMT markers.
Conclusion
Our findings indicate that high-grade TB is associated with a worse prognosis in patients with lung cancer. TB evaluation should be implemented in routine pathological diagnosis, which may guide the patient’s treatment.
Little is known about genomic alterations of gestational choriocarcinoma (GC), unique cancer that originates in pregnant tissues, and the progression mechanisms from the nonmalignant complete ...hydatidiform mole (CHM) to GC. Whole-exome sequencing (20 GCs) and/or single-nucleotide polymorphism microarray (29 GCs) were performed. We analyzed copy-neutral loss-of-heterozygosity (CN-LOH) in 29 GCs that exhibited androgenetic CN-LOHs (20 monospermic, 8 dispermic) and no CN-LOH (one with NLRP7 mutation). Most GCs (25/29) harboring recurrent copy number alterations (CNAs) and gains on 1q21.1-q44 were significantly associated with poor prognosis. We detected five driver mutations in the GCs, most of which were chromatin remodeling gene (ARID1A, SMARCD1, and EP300) mutations but not in common cancer genes such as TP53 and KRAS. One patient's serial CHM/invasive mole/GC showed consistent CN-LOHs, but only the GC harbored CNAs, indicating that CN-LOH is an early pivotal event in HM-IM-GC development, and CNAs may be a late event that promotes CHM progression to GC. Our data indicate that GCs have unique profiles of CN-LOHs, mutations and CNAs that together differentiate GCs from non-GCs. Practically, CN-LOH and CNA profiles are useful for the molecular diagnosis of GC and the selection of GC patients with poor prognosis for more intensive treatments, respectively.
-Viniferin is a resveratrol dimer that possesses potent antioxidant properties and has attracted attention as an ingredient for cosmetic and nutraceutical products. Enzymatic bioconversion and plant ...callus and cell suspension cultures can be used to produce stilbenes such as resveratrol and viniferin. Here,
-viniferin was produced by bioconversion from
-resveratrol using conditioned medium (CM) of grapevine (
) callus suspension cultures. The CM converted
-resveratrol to
-viniferin immediately after addition of hydrogen peroxide (H
O
). Peroxidase activity and bioconversion efficiency in CM increased with increasing culture time. Optimized
-viniferin production conditions were determined regarding H
O
concentration, incubation time, temperature, and pH. Maximum bioconversion efficiency reached 64% under the optimized conditions (pH 6.0, 60 °C, 30 min incubation time, 6.8 mM H
O
). In addition, in vitro bioconversion of
-resveratrol was investigated using CM of different callus suspension cultures, showing that addition of
-resveratrol and H
O
to the CM led to production of
-viniferin via extracellular peroxidase-mediated oxidative coupling of two molecules of
-resveratrol. We thus propose a simple and low-cost method of
-viniferin production from
-resveratrol using CM of plant callus suspension cultures, which may constitute an alternative approach for in vitro bioconversion of valuable molecules.
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IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
The phenylurea herbicides are used to control annual and perennial weeds on crop cultivating fields. The excessive usage of these agrochemicals increase many environmental problems. Thus, engineering ...transgenic plant for herbicide metabolism can provide efficient and eco-friendly means for enhanced phytoremediation capacity. Cytochrome P450 enzymes comprise one of the major plant enzyme families that mediate the oxidative degradation of xenobiotic chemicals, including herbicides. Considering these notions, phytoremediation properties of transgenic ginseng-derived
PgCYP76B93
in
Arabidopsis
to phenylurea herbicides were assessed. Phylogenetic tree of PgCYP76B93 clustered in between close to the herbicide metabolism-related enzyme families and terpenoid biosynthesis-related. The expression of
PgCYP76B93
was considerably upregulated upon treatment with phenylurea herbicide, chlorotoluron. Simulated docking using Autodoc program predicted possible interaction with chlorotoluron. Transgenic
Arabidopsis
plants overexpressing
PgCYP76B93
were resulted in slightly reduced plant height with relatively small leaves. The lower plant height in the
PgCYP76B93
-overexpressing line than in the control revealed that it was linked to the expression of gibberellin oxidases (
GAox
). The bioassay of transgenic plants growing on herbicide-containing media revealed enhanced resistance against chlorotoluron.
Purpose: Endobiliary radiofrequency ablation (RFA) is a new endoscopic ablative technique. However, the ideal power setting for RFA has not yet been clarified. Therefore, we intended to evaluate the ...effects of endobiliary RFA according to time variations using novel RFA. Materials and methods: Nine female pigs were divided into three groups according to ablation time (60, 90, and 120 seconds) with the same setting (10 watts, 80 °C). All pigs underwent endoscopic retrograde cholangiography (ERC) and endobiliary RFA in the common bile duct. Gross and histologic examinations were performed after 24 hours. Results: The ERC and application of the endobiliary RFA were 100% successful, and the post-RFA cholangiogram did not show contrast leakage. The median depth of microscopic ablation was significantly different among the three groups (60 vs. 90 vs. 120 seconds = 1.90 (1.17-2.23) vs. 2.44 (2.31-2.60) vs. 2.52 (2.47-2.64) mm, p = 0.018). There was also a linear relationship between ablation time and microscopic ablation depth (r
2
= 0.552, p = 0.002). However, no significant differences in macroscopic or microscopic ablation length were observed. In addition, there were focal ablation injuries in adjacent liver tissue in five of the nine pigs (2/3 in 60, 1/3 in 90, and 2/3 in 120 seconds). Conclusion: Endobiliary RFA using a novel RFA catheter resulted in controlled ablation with a linear relationship between microscopic ablation depth and ablation time in a swine model. Clinical studies are needed to validate the safe energy condition of endobiliary RFA in malignant biliary obstruction.
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DOBA, IJS, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
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