The Global Burden of Asthma Braman, Sidney S.
Chest,
07/2006, Volume:
130, Issue:
1
Journal Article, Conference Proceeding
Peer reviewed
There has been a sharp increase in the global prevalence, morbidity, mortality, and economic burden associated with asthma over the last 40 years, particularly in children. Approximately 300 million ...people worldwide currently have asthma, and its prevalence increases by 50% every decade. In North America, 10% of the population have asthma. Asthma is underdiagnosed and undertreated, although the use of inhaled corticosteroids has made a positive impact on outcomes. The increasing number of hospital admissions for asthma, which are most pronounced in young children, reflect an increase in severe asthma, poor disease management, and poverty. Worldwide, approximately 180,000 deaths annually are attributable to asthma, although overall mortality rates have fallen since the 1980s. Most asthma deaths occur in those ≥ 45 years old and are largely preventable, frequently being related to inadequate long-term medical care or delays in obtaining medical help during the last attack. The financial burden on patients with asthma in different Western countries ranges from $300 to $1,300 per patient per year, disproportionately affecting those with the most severe disease. There are a number of significant barriers to reducing the burden of asthma, particularly in developing countries, where many patients have limited access to care and essential medications. The Global Initiative for Asthma has outlined a six-point patient management plan to address the effective handling of the increased number of patients in primary care. The plan focuses on patient education, written treatment plans, and ongoing communication and review with patients and their providers.
A magnetic field independent regularization scheme (zMFIR) based on the Hurwitz-Riemann zeta function is introduced. The new technique is applied to the regularization of the mean-field thermodynamic ...potential and mass gap equation within the SU(2) Nambu-Jona-Lasinio model in a hot and magnetized medium. The equivalence of the new and the standard MFIR scheme is demonstrated. The neutral meson pole mass is calculated in a hot and magnetized medium and the advantages of using the new regularization scheme are shown.
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ABSTRACT
Combined pulmonary fibrosis and emphysema (CPFE) is a clinical syndrome of upper-zone–predominant emphysema on high-resolution CT and a peripheral and basal–predominant diffuse pulmonary ...fibrosis. Multiple occupational and inhalational exposures have been associated with CPFE. We describe a U.S. veteran, who developed CPFE after a prolonged, intense exposure to trichloroethylene as an aircraft maintenance worker. We believe that this may be another example of occupational-associated CPFE.
We consider the two-flavor Nambu-Jona-Lasinio model within the random phase approximation (RPA) framework to evaluate the masses of the sigma and pi super(0) mesons and the pi super(0) decay constant ...in the presence of a magnetic field at vanishing temperatures and baryonic densities. The present work extends other RPA applications by fully considering the external momenta which enter the integrals representing the magnetized polarization tensor. We employ a a field-independent regularization scheme so that more accurate results can be obtained in the evaluation of physical quantities containing pionic contributions. As we show, this technical improvement generates results which agree well with those produced by lattice simulations and chiral perturbation theory. Our method may also prove to be useful in future evaluations of quantities, such as the shear viscosity and the equation of state of magnetized quark matter with mesonic contributions.
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Abstract Rationale Hepatoid adenocarcinoma (HAC) is a rare malignant lung tumor that histologically resembles typical hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) when it is metastatic to the lung. To date, this ...clinical entity has not been highlighted in the pulmonary literature. Objective We present a review of all known cases of HAC, including the relevant clinical and histopathological features important for pulmonologists. Measurements and main results The purpose of this report is to present a new case of HAC, with typical clinical and histologic features of this malignancy, and to summarize findings of previously reported cases. A systematic literature search of the electronic database PUBMED was conducted to identify all cases of hepatoid adenocarcinoma reported in the English literature, between January 1980 and June 2015. HAC and HCC can be distinguished by immunohistochemical staining. HAC usually presents as a large bulky solitary mass in the upper lobe; there is an exceedingly high prevalence in males and most patients with this tumor are smokers. Serum alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) in very high levels has been a distinguishing feature of this tumor. Nodal and distant metastases are common at initial presentation and, as a result, the prognosis is very poor. Resection and long-term survival, however, have been reported. Conclusion Hepatoid adenocarcinoma, first described as a gastric tumor, has also been described in the lung. It morphologically resembles and must be distinguished from metastatic HCC of the lung. While most tumors produce AFP, the case we present demonstrates that this should not be a criterion for diagnosis.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
The π0 neutral meson pole mass is calculated in a strongly magnetized medium using the SU(2) Nambu–Jona–Lasinio model within the random phase approximation (RPA) at zero temperature and zero baryonic ...density. We employ a magnetic field dependent coupling, G(eB), fitted to reproduce lattice QCD results for the quark condensates. Divergent quantities are handled with a magnetic field independent regularization scheme in order to avoid unphysical oscillations. A comparison between the running and the fixed couplings reveals that the former produces results much closer to the predictions from recent lattice calculations. In particular, we find that the π0 meson mass systematically decreases when the magnetic field increases while the scalar mass remains almost constant. We also investigate how the magnetic background influences other mesonic properties such as fπ0 and gπ0qq.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
Asthma in the Elderly Braman, Sidney S
Clinics in geriatric medicine,
11/2017, Volume:
33, Issue:
4
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
The older population has seen the greatest increase in the prevalence of current asthma in recent years. Asthma may begin at any age and when it occurs at an advanced as opposed to a young age, it is ...often nonatopic, severe, and unremitting. Unfortunately, geriatric-specific guidelines are not available for the diagnosis and treatment of asthma. However, with objective monitoring, avoidance of asthma triggers, appropriate pharmacotherapy, and patient education, the disease can be managed successfully.
The transport protein particle (TRAPP) was initially identified as a vesicle tethering factor in yeast and as a guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) for Ypt1/Rab1. In mammals, structures and ...functions of various TRAPP complexes are beginning to be understood. We found that mammalian TRAPPII was a GEF for both Rab18 and Rab1. Inactivation of TRAPPII‐specific subunits by various methods including siRNA depletion and CRISPR–Cas9‐mediated deletion reduced lipolysis and resulted in aberrantly large lipid droplets. Recruitment of Rab18 onto lipid droplet (LD) surface was defective in TRAPPII‐deleted cells, but the localization of Rab1 on Golgi was not affected. COPI regulates LD homeostasis. We found that the previously documented interaction between TRAPPII and COPI was also required for the recruitment of Rab18 to the LD. We hypothesize that the interaction between COPI and TRAPPII helps bring TRAPPII onto LD surface, and TRAPPII, in turn, activates Rab18 and recruits it on the LD surface to facilitate its functions in LD homeostasis.
Synopsis
Mammalian TRAPPII serves as a GEF for Rab18 and, together with COPI, regulates its recruitment onto the lipid droplet surface, thereby controlling lipid homeostasis.
Mammalian TRAPPII serves as a GEF for Rab18.
COPI–TRAPPII recruits Rab18 onto the surface of small lipid droplets.
Defective TRAPPII function results in defective lipolysis and aberrantly large lipid droplets.
Mammalian TRAPPII serves as a GEF for Rab18 and, together with COPI, regulates its recruitment onto the lipid droplet surface, thereby controlling lipid homeostasis.
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FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
Lipid droplets (LDs) are highly dynamic organelles that not only store neutral lipids but also are involved in multiple cellular processes. Dysregulation of lipogenesis or lipolysis greatly ...contributes to the pathogenesis of several human diseases, including obesity, diabetes, and fatty liver disease. Rab proteins have been found to be associated with LDs in proteomic studies and are also known to extensively regulate intracellular membrane traffic, suggesting that LDs actively communicate with other membrane compartments to maintain energy homeostasis. This review discusses recent studies that provide mechanistic insights into the regulation of LD formation and catabolism by Rab proteins in mammalian cells.
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FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
We study the regularization dependence of the Nambu-Jona–Lasinio model (NJL) predictions for some properties of magnetized quark matter at zero temperature (and baryonic density) in the mean field ...approximation. The model parameter dependence for each regularization procedure is also analyzed in detail. We calculate the average and difference of the quark condensates using different regularization methods and compare with recent lattice results. In this context, the reliability of the different regularization procedures is discussed.
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