Recent Energy Gamma Ray Experiment Telescope (EGRET) observations of blazars have revealed strong, variable gamma-ray fluxes with no signatures of gamma-ray absorption by pair production. This ...radiation probably originates from the inner parts of relativistic jets which are aimed nearly toward us. On sub-parsec scales, the jet will be pervaded by radiation from the broad-line region, as well as by photons from the central continuum source (some of which will be scattered by thermal plasma). In a frame moving with the relativistic outflow, the energy of this ambient radiation would be enhanced. This radiation would be Comptonized by both cold and relativistic electrons in the jet, yielding (in the observer's frame) a collimated beam of X-rays and gamma rays. On the assumption that this process dominates self-Comptonization of synchrotron radiation, we develop a self-consistent model for variable gamma-ray emission, involving a single population of relativistic electrons accelerated by a disturbance in the jet. The spectral break between the X-ray and gamma-ray band, observed in 3C 279 and deduced for other blazars, results from inefficient radiative cooling of lower energy electrons. The existence of such a break strongly favors a model involving Comptonization of an external radiation field over a synchrotron self-Compton model. We derive constraints on such model parameters as the location and speed of the source, its dimensions and internal physical parameters, the maximum photon energies produced in the source, and the density and distribution of ambient radiation. Finally, we discuss how observations might discriminate between our model and alternative ones invoking Comptonization of ambient radiation.
▶ Polymer membranes based on ionic liquids BMIMTfO or EIMTfO prepared. ▶ Two very similar ionic liquids – one being aprotic and the other protic. ▶ Similar affinity to polymers and similar ionic ...conductivity in polymer membranes.
Membranes were prepared by casting a solution of a polymer and ionic liquid 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium trifluoromethanesulfonate BMIMTfO or 1-ethylimidazolium trifluoromethanesulfonate EIMTfO typical representatives of aprotic and protic ionic liquid and evaporating the solvent. The following polymers were used: Udel-type polysulfone, polybenzimidazole derivative containing benzofuranone moieties (PBI-O-Ph), poly(vinylidene fluoride
-co-hexafluoropropene) (fluoroelastomer) and Nafion. Polymer–ionic liquid compatibility was investigated by swelling, scanning electron microscopy and differential scanning calorimetry. Membranes conductivities in anhydrous atmosphere depended on temperature, ionic liquid concentration in the membrane, and on the type of matrix polymer. No conductivity could be detected with polysulfone-based membranes due to the incompatibility of polysulfone and the two ionic liquids, low conductivities were found with PBI-O-Ph based membranes, the conductivities of the fully compatible systems based on fluoroelastomer or Nafion matrixes amounted to 40% of that of neat ionic liquids.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK
Aims
Ischaemic heart failure (IHF) patients have a poor prognosis even with current guideline‐derived therapy. Intramyocardial injections of autologous or allogeneic mesenchymal stromal cells might ...improve cardiac function leading to better clinical outcome.
Methods
The SCIENCE (Stem Cell therapy in IschEmic Non‐treatable Cardiac diseasE) consortium has initiated a Horizon 2020 funded multicentre phase II study in six European countries. It is a double‐blind, placebo‐controlled trial testing the safety and efficacy of allogeneic Cardiology Stem Cell Centre Adipose‐derived Stromal Cells (CSCC_ASC) from healthy donors or placebo in 138 symptomatic IHF patients. Main inclusion criteria are New York Heart Association class II–III, left ventricular ejection fraction < 45% and N‐terminal pro‐B‐type natriuretic peptide levels > 300 pg/mL. Patients are randomized in a 2:1 pattern to receive intramyocardial injections of either CSCC_ASC or placebo. CSCC_ASC and placebo treatments are prepared centralized at Rigshospitalet in 5 mL vials as an off‐the‐shelf product. Vials are distributed to all clinical partners and stored in nitrogen vapour tanks ready to be used directly after thawing. A total of 100 × 106 CSCC_ASC or placebo are injected directly into viable myocardium in the infarct border zone using the NOGA XP system (BDS, Cordis, Johnson & Johnson, USA). Primary endpoint is a centralized core‐laboratory assessed change in left ventricular end‐systolic volume at 6‐month follow‐up measured by echocardiography. The trial started in January 2017, 58 patients were included and treated until July 2018.
Conclusion
The SCIENCE trial will provide clinical data on efficacy and safety of intramyocardial cell therapy of allogeneic adipose‐derived stromal cells from healthy donors in patients with IHF.
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BFBNIB, FZAB, GIS, IJS, IZUM, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
Annual decreases in soybean (Glycine max L. Merrill) yield caused by diseases were estimated by surveying university-affiliated plant pathologists in 28 soybean-producing states in the United States ...and in Ontario, Canada, from 2010 through 2014. Estimated yield losses from each disease varied greatly by state or province and year. Over the duration of this survey, soybean cyst nematode (SCN) (Heterodera glycines Ichinohe) was estimated to have caused more than twice as much yield loss than any other disease. Seedling diseases (caused by various pathogens), charcoal rot (caused by Macrophomina phaseolina (Tassi) Goid), and sudden death syndrome (SDS) (caused by Fusarium virguliforme O’Donnell & T. Aoki) caused the next greatest estimated yield losses, in descending order. The estimated mean economic loss due to all soybean diseases, averaged across U.S. states and Ontario from 2010 to 2014, was $60.66 USD per acre. Results from this survey will provide scientists, breeders, governments, and educators with soybean yield-loss estimates to help inform and prioritize research, policy, and educational efforts in soybean pathology and disease management.
This study presents the first systematic observations of active gas seepage from the seafloor in the main fjords of western Spitsbergen in the Svalbard archipelago. High-resolution acoustic water ...column data were acquired throughout two research cruises in August 2015 and June 2021. 883 gas flares have been identified and characterized in Isfjorden, and 115 gas flares in Van Mijenfjorden. The hydroacoustic data indicate active fluid migration into the water column. Interpretation of 1943 km of regional offshore 2D seismic profiles supplemented the water column and existing gas geochemical data by providing geological control on the distribution of source rocks and potential migration pathways for fluids. In the study area, bedrock architecture controls the fluid migration from deep source rocks. Faults, high permeability layers, heavily fractured units and igneous intrusions channel the gas seepage into the water column. The observations of gas seepage presented in this study are an important step towards the assessment of how near-shore seepage impacts upon the carbon budget of Svalbard fjords, which constitute a globally recognized early climate change warning system for the High Arctic.
The first bite by deer ked Lipoptena cervi (Linnaeus, 1758) on humans has been reported from Slovakia. The host was bitten on the head and neck. Pain and itching appeared immediately after the bite. ...The skin lesion persisted for several weeks. Although the first documented case of human stings is published here, bites may have occurred in the past, albeit rarely.
This article provides an account of the making of KBLab, the data lab at the National Library of Sweden (KB). The first part discusses the work involved in establishing a lab as both a physical and a ...digital site for researchers to use digital collections at previously unimaginable scales. The second part explains how the lab has deployed the library’s collections as data to produce high quality Swedish AI models, which constitute a significant new form of digital research infrastructure. We situate this work in the context of uneven AI coverage for smaller languages, and consider how the lab’s models have contributed to the making of important AI infrastructure for the Swedish language. The conclusion raises the possibilities and challenges involved in continuing this type of library-based AI development.
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IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
Microtextures imprinted on the surface of quartz grains provide in-depth information on the environmental conditions and sedimentary processes that affected the study sediments. Microtextural ...analyses are therefore widely used in the provenance studies of sediments. In order to minimize the subjectivity of microtextural recognition, we propose a new software, called DeepGrain (source codes are available at https://github.com/deepgrains/deepgrain), for the automatic identification of microtextures on the surface of quartz grains using the DeepLabV3 model with applied improving techniques. The approach provides an accuracy of 99 % of the area of the tested grains and 63 % of the mechanical features on the surfaces of the tested grains. The inference of a single SEM image of quartz grain took an average of 3.10 sec, leading to a significant reduction in the analysis time of a single grain.
•Artificial intelligence limits inter-operator variation on microtextural analysis of quartz grains.•DeepGrain software as a tool for quick (∼3 sec) recognition of mechanical microtextures on the surface of quartz grains.•Limitation in the automatic recognition of chemical microtextures on the surface of quartz grains.•Mechanical microtextural marks were correctly recognized on approx. 2/3 of grain’s surfaces analyzed.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
The current study describes the development and psychometric properties of a new measure targeting sensitivity to change of core autism spectrum disorder (ASD) symptoms, the Autism Impact Measure ...(AIM). The AIM uses a 2-week recall period with items rated on two corresponding 5-point scales (frequency and impact). Psychometric properties were examined using a large sample (n = 440) of children with ASD enrolled in the Autism Treatment Network. The exploratory factor analysis indicated four factors and resulted in a 25-item questionnaire with excellent overall model fit. Test–retest reliability, cross-informant reliability, and convergent validity with other measures of ASD symptoms and overall functioning were strong. The AIM is a reliable and valid measure of frequency and impact of core ASD symptoms.
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DOBA, EMUNI, FIS, FZAB, GEOZS, GIS, IJS, IMTLJ, IZUM, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NLZOH, NUK, OBVAL, ODKLJ, OILJ, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, SBNM, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, VSZLJ, ZAGLJ
Fabry disease (FD) is an X‐linked lysosomal storage disorder caused by mutations in the GLA gene encoding alpha‐galactosidase A (AGAL). The impact of X‐chromosome inactivation (XCI) on the phenotype ...of female FD patients remains unclear. In this study we aimed to determine pitfalls of XCI testing in a cohort of 35 female FD patients. XCI was assessed by two methylation‐based and two allele‐specific expression assays. The results correlated, although some variance among the four assays was observed. GLA transcript analyses identified crossing‐over in three patients and detected mRNA instability in three out of four analyzed null alleles. AGAL activity correlated with XCI pattern and was not influenced by the mutation type or by reduced mRNA stability. Therefore, AGAL activity may help to detect crossing‐over in patients with unstable GLA alleles. Tissue‐specific XCI patterns in six patients, and age‐related changes in two patients were observed. To avoid misinterpretation of XCI results in female FD patients we show that (i) a combination of several XCI assays generates more reliable results and minimizes possible biases; (ii) correlating XCI to GLA expression and AGAL activity facilitates identification of cross‐over events; (iii) age‐ and tissue‐related XCI specificities of XCI patterning should be considered.
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BFBNIB, FZAB, GIS, IJS, KILJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, SBCE, SBMB, UL, UM, UPUK
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