A climate system is characterized to be a complex non-linear system. In order to describe the complex characteristics of precipitation series in Paraíba State, Brazil, we aim the use of sample ...entropy, a kind of entropy-based algorithm, to evaluate the complexity of precipitation series. Sixty-nine meteorological stations are distributed over four macroregions: Zona da Mata, Agreste, Borborema, and Sertão. The results of the analysis show that intricacies of monthly average precipitation have differences in the macroregions. Sample entropy is able to reflect the dynamic change of precipitation series providing a new way to investigate complexity of hydrological series. The complexity exhibits areal variation of local water resource systems which can influence the basis for utilizing and developing resources in dry areas.
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DOBA, EMUNI, FIS, FZAB, GEOZS, GIS, IJS, IMTLJ, IZUM, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NLZOH, NUK, OBVAL, OILJ, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, SBNM, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
•Monthly complex rainfall analyzes in Paraíba, Brazil.•Multiscale Entropy (MSE).•Multiscale Modified Entropy (MMSE).•Representative pluviometric stations.
In this work we study the complexity of ...monthly rainfall temporal series recorded from 1962 to 2012, at 69 meteorological stations in Paraiba state, northeastern Brazil. We use the Modified Multiscale Entropy Method (MMSE) suitable for short time series and analyze rainfall regularity over a wide range of temporal scales from 1 month to 1 year. By comparing the results for stations across Paraiba state and performing a statistical significance test, we distinguish rainfall regime in the inland semiarid Sertão and Borborema regions from the transition inland Agreste, and coastal, tropical humid Mata regions. Our work represents a contribution to establishing the use of multiscale approach with methods from information theory in climatological studies.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
Triploidization is a technique to produce sterile fish on a large scale. In the spotted catfish
Pimelodus maculatus
, sterile fish serve as a host of germ cell transplantation for subsequent ...reconstitution of endangered catfish species. This study aimed to establish an efficient protocol for triploidization in
P. maculatus
using temperature shock. In this study, we tested the efficacy of heat shock treatments (37 °C, 38 °C, and 39 °C) applied at 2 min post-fertilization (mpf) for the duration of 2 min. Intact embryos served as diploid control. Ploidy status was confirmed by flow cytometry, characterization of erythrocytes nuclei, and karyotyping. Developmental stages were verified at cleavage, blastula, gastrula, somite, and hatching stages, as well as the percentages of normal and abnormal larvae. No significant difference was observed between the temperature treatments for percentage of unfertilized oocytes (
P =
0.1834), 2-cell stage (
P =
0.2348), blastula (
P =
0.2972), hatching (
P =
0.0668), and abnormal larvae (
P =
0.6177). Heat shock decreased the survival at the blastula stage (
P =
0.0178), somite (
P =
0.0469), and the percentage of abnormal larvae (
P =
0.0261). All treatments presented high percentages of triploid individuals, and the highest values were observed for heat shock at 38 °C (96.7 %). Based on the results described above, an efficient protocol for triploidization in
P. maculatus
was established using heat shock (38 °C) at 2 mpf for 2 min.
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EMUNI, FIS, FZAB, GEOZS, GIS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, MFDPS, NLZOH, NUK, OBVAL, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, SBMB, SBNM, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK, VKSCE, ZAGLJ
In biotechnological processes such as chromosomal manipulation studies, semen has become a reference in the ploidy verification of the evaluated material. However, the use of fresh samples is limited ...to the use at field conditions because the analysis is performed under laboratory conditions. Thus, this study aimed to develop a simpler procedure for storing dry semen at 28 °C to reduce cold storage costs. For this, semen samples were evaluated according to established quality semen parameters, a protocol for dry, and 3 sterilization treatments of dry semen were applied to the store. The integrity of the DNA was evaluated every two months, using fresh semen, dry semen (untreated), and particles 3C to compare the peaks by flow cytometry. The results indicated that all samples evaluated before and after drying showed no significant difference in the DNA content. UV-treated semen showed a 1C peak in the histogram up to 180 days of storage and a non-significant difference (P > 0.05) from fresh control in the number of DNA particles up to 120 days and untreated only showed a 1C peak up to 120 days. The developed method may become an interesting procedure to serve as a reference peak for practical flow cytometric analysis, not only in the field of fish biology but also in biomedical and agricultural sciences. Furthermore, dried semen can become a tool for the preservation of genetic material and is a promising low-cost storage technique for biobanking.
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GEOZS, IJS, IMTLJ, KILJ, KISLJ, NLZOH, NUK, OILJ, PNG, SAZU, SBCE, SBJE, UILJ, UL, UM, UPCLJ, UPUK, ZAGLJ, ZRSKP
Brycon orbignyanus, popularly known in Brazil as piracanjuba, is a fish with great economic value but whose natural population drastically decreased in number during the last years. In this context, ...genetic variability studies of natural stocks and in restocking programs are fundamental for the adoption of conservation measures. Current analysis verifies the cross-amplification of heterologous primers in B. orbignyanus. Fifty-two primers of the species Brycon opalinus, Brycon hilarii, Brycon insignis, Prochilodus sp., Piaractus mesopotamicus, Colossoma macropomum and Oreochromis niloticus were tested. Primers with the best reproducibility were applied to a sample of 20 individuals and the genetic parameters were calculated. Nine primers provided good results for cross-amplification with B. orbignyanus, involving (BoM5 and BoM13) of Brycon opalinus, (Bh5, Bh6, Bh8, Bh13 and Bh16) of Brycon hilarii, (Bc48-10) of Brycon insignis and (Par80) of Prochilodus argenteus. Primers of Piaractus mesopotamicus, Colossoma macropomum and Oreochromis niloticus failed to provide amplification or provided non-specificity. Results demonstrated the possibility of using primers of different species and genera of B. orbignyanus, facilitating genetic studies on the species.
RESUMO: A piracanjuba (Brycon orbignyanus) é um peixe de grande valor econômico que nos últimos anos tem apresentado uma redução drástica em suas populações naturais. Nesse contexto, estudos de variabilidade genética dos estoques naturais e nos programas de repovoamento são fundamentais para adoção de medidas conservacionistas. O objetivo do presente trabalho foi verificar a amplificação cruzada de primers heterologos em B. orbignyanus. Foram avaliados um total de 52 primers das espécies Brycon opalinus, Brycon hilarii, Brycon insignis, Prochilodus sp., Piaractus mesopotamicus, Colossoma macropomum e Oreochromis niloticus. Os primers com melhor reprodutibilidade foram aplicados a uma amostra de 20 indivíduos e os parâmetros genéticos foram calculados. Nove primers apresentaram resultados satisfatórios de amplificação cruzada com B. orbignyanus, sendo das espécies Brycon opalinus (BoM5 e BoM13), Brycon hilarii (Bh5, Bh6, Bh8, Bh13 e Bh16), Brycon insignis (Bc48-10) e Prochilodus argenteus (Par80). Os primers de Piaractus mesopotamicus, Colossoma macropomum e Oreochromis niloticus não apresentaram amplificação ou apresentaram inespecificidade. Os resultados revelaram a possibilidade da utilização de primers de diferentes espécies e gênero em B. orbignyanus, o que facilita a realização de estudos genéticos nessa espécie.
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DOBA, IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, SIK, UILJ, UKNU, UL, UM, UPUK
This study aimed to describe a procedure for sampling, reproduction, and first feeding of the Neotropical catfish Pseudopimelodus mangurus, an endangered fish species. Wild adult P. mangurus ...specimens were collected in the Mogi Guassu River and subsequently induced to spawn in laboratory conditions. After hand-stripping, the females, the average weight of the oocytes was 143 ± 1.6 g, with a fecundity of 718 ± 49.8 oocytes g-1. The diameter of the oocytes non-hydrated was 1,226.3 ± 47.7 μm to 1,761.2 ± 26.4 μm after hydration. The fertilization rates were 98.00 ± 0.63%, and the hatching rate was 68.94 ± 11.83%. The first feeding was made three days post-hatching with six different treatments, in which the best results arose with sequential feeding with Artemia nauplii, Astyanax altiparanae and Prochilodus lineatus larvae. This condition resulted in a final length of 2,012.7 ± 44.8 μm by the 10th day of the experiment, higher survival (65 ± 0.9%) and lower cannibalism rate (14 ± 0.3%). The data obtained in this study is important for the establishment of reproductive biotechniques, mass production of P. mangurus, and future establishment of ex-situ GenBank.
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IZUM, KILJ, NUK, PILJ, PNG, SAZU, UL, UM, UPUK
Abstract This work aimed to select semivariogram models to estimate trends in monthly precipitation in Paraiba State-Brazil using ordinary kriging. The methodology involves the application of ...geostatistical interpolation of precipitation records of 51 years from 69 rainfall stations across the state. Analysis of semivariograms showed that specific months had a strong spatial dependence (Index of Spatial Dependence - IDE < 25%). The trends were subjected to the following models: circular, spherical, pentaspherical, exponential, Gaussian, rational quadratic, K-Bessel and tetraspherical. The best fit models were selected by cross-validation and Error Comparison Index (ECI). Each data set (month) had a particular spatial dependence structure, which made it necessary to define specific models of semivariogram in order to enhance the adjustment of the experimental semivariogram. Besides, the monthly trend map was plotted to justify the chosen models.
Resumo Este trabalho teve como objetivo selecionar modelos de semivariograma para estimar tendências de precipitação mensal no Estado da Paraíba-Brasil usando krigagem comum. A metodologia envolve a aplicação de interpolação geoestatística de registros de precipitação de 51 anos de 69 estações de chuva em todo o estado. A análise de semivariogramas mostrou que meses específicos apresentaram forte dependência espacial (Índice de Dependência Espacial - IDE <25%). As tendências foram submetidas aos seguintes modelos: circular, esférico, pentassesférico, exponencial, gaussiano, quadrático racional, K - Bessel e tetrasspherical. Os melhores modelos de ajuste foram selecionados por validação cruzada e Índice de Comparação de Erros (ICE). Cada conjunto de dados (mês) possuía uma estrutura de dependência espacial específica, o que tornava necessário definir modelos específicos de semivariograma, a fim de aprimorar o ajuste do semivariograma experimental. Além disso, o mapa mensal de tendências foi plotado para justificar os modelos escolhidos.
Due to contact and misuse of water drainage channels, schistosomiasis has spread and become a constant concern in northeastern Brazil. The aim of this study was to monitor human cases of ...Schistosomiasis mansoni and the breeding areas of the snail intermediate host Biomphalaria glabrata through spatial analysis in a community named Invasão do Canal do Guaxinim, located in Barra dos Coqueiros City in an endemic coastal part of the state of Sergipe, Brazil. This research was performed as a cross-sectional epidemiological study conducted with parasitological and malacological surveys. To verify the spatial analysis, a two-year spatial point pattern analysis was performed by means of Kernel intensity estimation using TerraView software 4.2.2. A schistosomiasis prevalence reduction from 8.1% (2013) to 4.9% (2014) was observed but mild infection prevailed in adolescents and/or young adults during the two-year study. In malacological research, 387 specimens of snails of the genus B. glabrata were collected and all were negative with regard to schistosomiasis. Spatial analysis showed a strong, spatial trend of increased transmission risk areas north and south of the community, both in 2013 and 2014. In Invasão do Canal do Guaxinim itself, the increased risk was only seen in the northern part. When combined, the human and the malacological spatial analyses constituted an important methodological approach for monitoring and controlling this parasitic disease.
A abordagem de diferentes temáticas à luz do planejamento e gestão territorial requer para além da sinergia de ações, a disponibilidade do acesso a dados organizados e padronizados, através de bancos ...de dados, constituindo-se enquanto ferramenta para promoção e atendimento eficaz de demandas. Nesse sentido, este artigo tem por objetivo apresentar as diretrizes adotadas no Painel de Segurança Hídrica para construção de um banco de dados geoespaciais voltados à gestão de recursos hídricos e aplicado à inteligência territorial. Adotou-se uma metodologia com base na Infraestrutura Nacional de Dados Espaciais, a partir da consulta de 15 bases de dados abertos oficiais, realizando avaliações de completude, consistência lógica, acurácia posicional, temporal e temática. Dessa forma, elaborou-se um banco de dados integrado com 410 camadas vetoriais, em oito categorias temáticas: recursos hídricos, saneamento, infraestrutura, base cartográfica e malha territorial, desastres, uso e cobertura da terra, irrigação e demografia.
L'approche de différentes thématiques à la lumière de la planification et de la gestion territoriale requiert non seulement la synergie des actions, mais aussi la disponibilité d'un accès à des données organisées et normalisées, à travers des bases de données, constituant ainsi un outil essentiel pour la promotion et la réponse efficace aux demandes. Dans cette optique, cet article vise à présenter les directives adoptées par le Panel sur la Sécurité de l'Eau pour la construction d'une base de données géospatiales dédiée à la gestion des ressources en eau et appliquée à l'intelligence territoriale. Une méthodologie basée sur l'Infrastructure Nationale de Données Géospatiales a été adoptée, en consultant 15 bases de données ouvertes officielles, réalisant des évaluations de la complétude, de la cohérence logique, de l'exactitude positionnelle, temporelle et thématique. Ainsi, une base de données intégrée a été élaborée, comprenant 410 couches vectorielles réparties en huit catégories thématiques : ressources en eau, assainissement, infrastructure, cartographie de base et découpage territorial, catastrophes, utilisation et couverture du sol, irrigation et démographie.
The approach to different thematic areas in the context of territorial planning and management requires not only the synergy of actions but also the availability of access to organized and standardized data through databases, thus constituting an essential tool for the promotion and effective response to demands. In this regard, this article aims to present the guidelines adopted by the Water Security Panel for the construction of a geospatial database dedicated to water resources management and applied to territorial intelligence. A methodology based on the National Spatial Data Infrastructure was adopted, involving the consultation of 15 official open databases and conducting assessments of completeness, logical consistency, positional accuracy, temporal accuracy, and thematic accuracy. Consequently, an integrated database was developed, comprising 410 vector layers organized into eight thematic categories: water resources, sanitation, infrastructure, basic cartography and territorial boundaries, disasters, land use and cover, irrigation, and demography.
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